阅读说明：本技术 一种葡萄秸秆有机肥的制备方法 (Preparation method of grape straw organic fertilizer ) 是由 黄森 胡定杰 邵建均 姚燕来 刘国强 吴烨 吕红伟 裘一冰 于 2019-12-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种葡萄秸秆有机肥的制备方法,包括以下处理步骤。(1)秸秆粉碎；(2)蒸汽爆破；(3)高温发酵；(4)中温发酵；(5)常温发酵和(6)干燥粉碎。制得的葡萄秸秆有机肥,可以增加土壤有机质、提高土壤养分和pH,实现快速改土培肥,促进农作物生长。(A preparation method of a grape straw organic fertilizer comprises the following treatment steps. (1) Crushing straws; (2) performing steam explosion; (3) fermenting at high temperature; (4) fermenting at medium temperature; (5) fermenting at normal temperature and (6) drying and crushing. The prepared grape straw organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matters, improve soil nutrients and pH, realize quick soil improvement and fertilization and promote crop growth.)

1. A preparation method of a grape straw organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:

step 1: crushing grape straws to obtain grape straw particles with the particle size of 5-10mm for later use;

step 2: soaking grape straw particles in water at 5-50 deg.C for 8-24 hr; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked grape straw particles;

and step 3: and (3) performing high-temperature fermentation: cooling the grape straw particles subjected to steam explosion to 70-80 ℃, and then uniformly mixing 20-25 parts by weight of the grape straw particles, 75-80 parts by weight of pig manure and 0.1-0.5 part by weight of a fermentation microbial inoculum to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in piles, the average weight of each pile is 2.0 to 2.5 tons, and the gradient of the pile is 40 to 60 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25-35cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than or equal to 70 ℃; sampling from a 30-50cm deep position of the fermentation pile every 20-28h, and detecting the water content, the total C content and the total N content; keeping the water content of the material at 45-75%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; when the C/N ratio of the materials is lower than 23-27, stopping high-temperature fermentation, and switching to medium-temperature fermentation;

and 4, step 4: carrying out medium-temperature fermentation: reducing the gradient of the fermentation pile in the step 3 to 30-39 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25-35cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is more than or equal to 55 ℃; sampling from the fermentation pile at a depth of 30-50cm every 20-28h, and detecting the water content, the total C content and the total N content; keeping the water content of the material at 45-65%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; when the C/N ratio of the materials is lower than 18-20, stopping medium-temperature fermentation, and switching to normal-temperature fermentation;

and 5: and (3) performing normal-temperature fermentation: adding a normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the fermentation pile in the step 4, uniformly mixing, and reducing the gradient of the fermentation pile to 25-29 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than or equal to 45 ℃; sampling from the depth of 20-30cm of the fermentation pile every 20-28h, and detecting the moisture; keeping the water content of the material at 45-55%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; the preparation method of the normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh fishpond sludge to reach the water content of 55-70%, adding urea with the mass of 1.0-2.5%, and placing in an environment with the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-80% for 72-120h to obtain a normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material;

step 6: after the normal temperature fermentation is finished, spreading the materials until the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 24-72h to reduce the water content of the materials to below 35%; then drying the mixture by hot air at 40-70 ℃ until the water content is lower than 10%, and crushing the dried mixture to 20-40 meshes to obtain the grape straw organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method of the grape straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1: 5-7, the pressure maintaining time is 5-10min, and the steam pressure is 1.5-2.0 MPa.

3. The preparation method of the grape straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the pig manure is 45-75%.

4. The preparation method of the grape straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation inoculant contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and streptomyces thermophilus; the number of Bacillus subtilis is 1-10 × 10⁷CFU/g, the number of Bacillus licheniformis is 1-10 multiplied by 10⁷CFU/g, the number of the streptomyces thermophilus is 1-10 multiplied by 10⁴CFU/g。

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a grape straw organic fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of farmyard manure preparation.

Background

In the process of producing commercial organic fertilizer by fermenting pig manure as a raw material, a certain proportion of sawdust needs to be added and mixed to improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency. In recent years, commercial wood chips have been used in large quantities for producing granular fuels, and the price has increased dramatically. The average price of the commodity sawdust in Zhejiang area has risen to 350 yuan/ton, and the average price of the commodity sawdust in the northern area of Zhejiang even rises to 500 yuan/ton, which directly leads to the increase of the production cost of the organic fertilizer. The planting area of the grapes in Zhejiang province is 32500 hectares, and 10 ten thousand tons of grape straws are produced every year. The method is characterized in that a 'straw fertilizer changing' harvesting, storing and transporting mode is established first in the Yongkang market, and grape straws in the whole market are collected uniformly to be used as raw and auxiliary materials in the organic fertilizer fermentation production process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a grape straw organic fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a preparation method of a grape straw organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

step 1: crushing grape straws to obtain grape straw particles with the particle size of 5-10mm for later use;

step 2: soaking grape straw particles in water at 5-50 deg.C for 8-24 hr; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked grape straw particles;

and step 3: and (3) performing high-temperature fermentation: cooling the grape straw particles subjected to steam explosion to 70-80 ℃, and then uniformly mixing 20-25 parts by weight of the grape straw particles, 75-80 parts by weight of pig manure and 0.1-0.5 part by weight of a fermentation microbial inoculum to obtain a mixture; the mixture is placed in piles, the average weight of each pile is 2.0 to 2.5 tons, and the gradient of the pile is 40 to 60 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25-35cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than or equal to 70 ℃; sampling from a 30-50cm deep position of the fermentation pile every 20-28h, and detecting the water content, the total C content and the total N content; keeping the water content of the material at 45-75%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; when the C/N ratio of the materials is lower than 23-27, stopping high-temperature fermentation, and switching to medium-temperature fermentation;

and 4, step 4: carrying out medium-temperature fermentation: reducing the gradient of the fermentation pile in the step 3 to 30-39 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25-35cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is more than or equal to 55 ℃; sampling from the fermentation pile at a depth of 30-50cm every 20-28h, and detecting the water content, the total C content and the total N content; keeping the water content of the material at 45-65%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; when the C/N ratio of the materials is lower than 18-20, stopping medium-temperature fermentation, and switching to normal-temperature fermentation;

and 5: and (3) performing normal-temperature fermentation: adding a normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the fermentation pile in the step 4, uniformly mixing, and reducing the gradient of the fermentation pile to 25-29 degrees; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than or equal to 45 ℃; sampling from the depth of 20-30cm of the fermentation pile every 20-28h, and detecting the moisture; keeping the water content of the material at 45-55%, and supplementing water when the water content of the material is less than or equal to 45%; the preparation method of the normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh fishpond sludge to reach the water content of 55-70%, adding urea with the mass of 1.0-2.5%, and placing in an environment with the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-80% for 72-120h to obtain a normal-temperature pre-fermentation auxiliary material;

step 6: after the normal temperature fermentation is finished, spreading the materials until the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 24-72h to reduce the water content of the materials to below 35%; then drying the mixture by hot air at 40-70 ℃ until the water content is lower than 10%, and crushing the dried mixture to 20-40 meshes to obtain the grape straw organic fertilizer.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the technological parameters of the steam explosion treatment are as follows: the water-material ratio is 1: 5-7, the pressure maintaining time is 5-10min, and the steam pressure is 1.5-2.0 MPa.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the water content of the pig manure is 45-75%.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows: the fermentation inoculant contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and streptomyces thermophilus; the number of Bacillus subtilis is 1-10 × 10⁷CFU/g, the number of Bacillus licheniformis is 1-10 multiplied by 10⁷CFU/g, the number of the streptomyces thermophilus is 1-10 multiplied by 10⁴CFU/g。

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the grape straw has high lignin content, can replace commodity sawdust after being crushed, and reduces the cost of fermentation fertilizer preparation.

2. The invention carries out mixed composting fermentation experiments on the grape straws with different crushed particle sizes and different addition proportions instead of commodity sawdust and fresh pig manure, and discusses the influence on fermented fertilizer production.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In describing the preferred embodiments, specific terminology may be employed for the sake of clarity; however, it is not intended that the disclosure herein be limited to the specific terminology so selected; and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all equivalent techniques that perform the same function, operate in a similar manner, and achieve a similar result.