Preparation method of multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane
阅读说明：本技术 一种多养分甘蔗专用控缓释肥的制备方法 (Preparation method of multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane ) 是由 敖俊华 江永 王秀荣 陈迪文 周文灵 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种多养分甘蔗专用控缓释肥的制备方法,步骤有：1,测定目标蔗区土壤样本的养分丰缺状况；2,建立肥料效应函数并制定N、P、K施用参量；3,进行中微量元素施用效应试验制定中微量元素施用参量；4,制定目标蔗区甘蔗专用的多养分甘蔗专用控缓释肥的养分配方；5,N肥包膜制粒；6,P、K及中微量元素肥料的制粒；7,按照步骤4的养分配方,将步骤5制备的N肥包膜粒与步骤6的多养分颗粒混合,制成多养分甘蔗专用控缓释肥。本发明的专用控缓释肥为甘蔗的各个生长时期提供充足合理丰富的营养成分,又能避免过度营养元素的添加,实现了甘蔗高产高质量种植,有效降低肥料生产成本,显著增加农用肥料企业及甘蔗糖业综合效益。(The invention provides a preparation method of a special multi-nutrient controlled and sustained release fertilizer for sugarcane, which comprises the following steps: 1, determining the nutrient abundance and shortage of a soil sample in a target sugarcane area; 2, establishing a fertilizer effect function and formulating N, P, K application parameters; 3, performing a medium trace element application effect test to set medium trace element application parameters; 4, formulating a nutrient formula of the special multi-nutrient sugarcane controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane in the target sugarcane area; 5, coating and granulating the N fertilizer; 6, P, K and granulating the medium trace element fertilizer; and 7, mixing the N fertilizer coating particles prepared in the step 5 with the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step 6 according to the nutrient formula in the step 4 to prepare the multi-nutrient controlled and controlled release fertilizer special for sugarcane. The special controlled-release fertilizer provided by the invention provides sufficient, reasonable and rich nutrient components for sugarcane in each growth period, can avoid the addition of excessive nutrient elements, realizes high-yield and high-quality planting of sugarcane, effectively reduces the production cost of the fertilizer, and obviously increases the comprehensive benefits of agricultural fertilizer enterprises and the sugarcane industry.)
1. A preparation method of a multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, according to the type and production level of soil in a target sugarcane area, stationing and collecting soil samples of a plough layer, and determining the nutrient abundance condition of the soil samples, wherein the nutrient abundance condition comprises the following steps: organic matter content, N, P, K total and effective content, pH, and effective content of medium trace elements;
step 2, according to the nutrient abundance and shortage conditions of the target sugarcane area and the nutrient metabolism characteristics of sugarcane varieties determined in the step 1, utilizing a '3414' fertilizer effect field test scheme design to carry out statistical analysis on yield and economic benefits, establishing a fertilizer effect function, obtaining N, P, K fertilization parameters aiming at the target sugarcane area through the fertilizer effect function, and setting N, P, K nutrient application amount and proportion required by production for achieving the target sugarcane yield to obtain N, P, K application parameters;
step 3, combining the effective content of the medium trace elements obtained by the determination in the step 1, performing a medium trace element application effect test, and determining the medium trace element nutrient application amount and the mixture ratio thereof to obtain medium trace element application parameters;
step 4, combining the N, P, K application parameters in the step 2 and the medium trace element application parameters in the step 3 to formulate a nutrient formula of the special multi-nutrient sugarcane controlled and slow-release fertilizer for the sugarcane in the target sugarcane area;
step 5, coating and granulating the N fertilizer; coating urea to obtain N fertilizer coated granules, wherein the N fertilizer coated granules meet the following requirements: the nutrient release period reaches 10 months, the initial nutrient release rate is lower than 15 percent, the 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate is lower than 80 percent, and the accumulated nutrient release rate in the nutrient release period reaches 80 percent;
step 6, P, K and granulating the medium and trace element fertilizer; materials containing P, K are taken as main materials, materials containing a proper amount of medium and trace elements are added, and after being crushed, a proper amount of adhesive is added to prepare multi-nutrient particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm and the water content of less than or equal to 2%;
step 7, preparing the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane; and (4) according to the nutrient formula of the special multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, which is set in the step (4), uniformly mixing the N fertilizer coating particles prepared in the step (5) with the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step (6) to prepare the special multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane.
2. The preparation method of the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the medium trace elements in the step 1 comprise S, Ca, Mg, Zn, B and Mo.
3. The preparation method of the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) coating the N fertilizer coated particles prepared in the step (5) by adopting sulfur and resin.
4. The preparation method of the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step 6 contain the following P content by weight2O515～25％、K2O 20～30％、CaO 4～6％、MgO 2～3％、SiO22～6％、B 0.2～0.3％、Mo 0.05～0.10％、Zn 0.5～1.0％。
5. The preparation method of the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step 6 are prepared by adopting a disc method.
6. The preparation method of the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the multi-nutrient special controlled-release fertilizer for sugarcane prepared in the step 7 contains N12-20% and P2O510～18％、K2O 10～18％、CaO 2～3％、MgO 1～1.5％、SiO21～3％、B 0.1～0.15％、Mo 0.02～0.05％、Zn0.25～0.5％。
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of a multi-nutrient special controlled and slow release fertilizer for sugarcane.
Background
Sugarcane (Sugarcane) is a main sugar crop in China, is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions in China, and has irreplaceable important effects on promoting economic development of production areas and social stability. Sugarcane is C4 crop, has the characteristics of long growth period, high yield and high nutrient consumption, and is economic crop with large fertilizer demand. According to statistics, 1.5-2.0 kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are required to be absorbed from soil per ton of sugarcane2O5) 1.0-1.5 kg of potassium (K)2O) 2.0-2.5 kg of the fertilizer, and the fertilizer becomes the most important production data in sugarcane production. However, unreasonable fertilization and serious excessive fertilizer application phenomena commonly exist in sugarcane areas in China for a long time, according to fertilizer utilization investigation of Guizhou, Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, the application amount of nitrogenous fertilizers for sugarcane in China exceeds 1-2 times of the average level in the world, the average consumption amount of phosphate fertilizers is more than 150 kg/mu, the fertilizer investment accounts for more than 40% of sugarcane production data investment, the average consumption amount of the phosphate fertilizers exceeds 475 yuan/mu, and the fertilizer investment in some sugarcane areas is as high as 650 yuan. And the average yield of the sugarcane under high fertilizing amount is only about 5 t/mu. The reasons for this are that the formula of the sugarcane fertilizer is unreasonable, the fertilizer granulation technology is backward, the application technology is unscientific, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low. The main reasons for the low utilization rate of the fertilizer are that the fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) is released too fast, volatilized or lost (potassium fertilizer is easy to be lost along with rainwater) or fixed and ineffective by soil (especially phosphorus fertilizer). According to the research, the utilization rate of the urea applied to the sugarcane is lower than 30%, the utilization rates of the calcium superphosphate and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are only about 15%, and the utilization rate of the potassium chloride is about 30%. For a long time, the fertilizer application in the sugarcane area in south is unscientific, so that the total unbalance of soil nutrients is caused, and phosphorus and potassium are generally deficient. In addition, leaching loss of nutrients such as Si, Mg, Ca and the like in soil of sugarcane areas is serious, the content of boron, zinc and the like is insufficient, and the lack of medium and trace elements becomes an important factor for further improving the yield of the sugarcane in many sugarcane areas in south China.
At present, the high input, low output and low benefit of sugarcane production caused by fertilization become key problems restricting the sustainable development of sugarcane production in China. Therefore, the nutrient metabolism characteristics of the sugarcane are researched, the special controlled slow release fertilizer for the sugarcane is developed, a scientific nutrient formula, an advanced fertilizer granulation method and a proper application technology are formed, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the method has important significance for increasing the yield of the sugarcane and the sugar content of the sugarcane and reducing the production cost.
At present, the production of sugarcane is still mainly based on the application of the traditional general fertilizer, including the general NPK monomer fertilizer or the common ternary compound fertilizer, the proportion of the fertilizer nutrients is unreasonable, the granulation process method is laggard, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low, the general nitrogen fertilizer is only 30 percent, the phosphate fertilizer is 15-20 percent (as manufactured), and the potassium fertilizer is 35 percent. The fertilizer input of newly planted sugarcane per mu is about 500 yuan (calculated according to 50-60 kg of high fertilization level urea, 100-150 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30-50 kg of potassium chloride per mu in Guangdong sugarcane area), and accounts for about 45% of the total production cost of sugarcane, and the fertilizer input becomes the maximum expense of sugarcane production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a special multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, which can effectively reduce the production cost of the fertilizer, produce the special controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane with rich nutrients and reasonable release, provide sufficient and reasonable rich nutrient components for each growth period of sugarcane, avoid the addition of excessive nutrient elements and realize high-yield and high-quality planting of sugarcane; the method of the invention effectively reduces the production cost of the fertilizer and obviously increases the comprehensive benefits of agricultural fertilizer enterprises and the sugarcane industry.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the type and production level of soil in a target sugarcane area, stationing and collecting soil samples of a plough layer, and determining the nutrient abundance condition of the soil samples, wherein the nutrient abundance condition comprises the following steps: organic matter content, N, P, K total and effective content, pH, and effective content of medium trace elements;
step 2, according to the nutrient abundance and shortage conditions of the target sugarcane area and the nutrient metabolism characteristics of sugarcane varieties determined in the step 1, utilizing a '3414' fertilizer effect field test scheme design to carry out statistical analysis on yield and economic benefits, establishing a fertilizer effect function, obtaining N, P, K fertilization parameters aiming at the target sugarcane area through the fertilizer effect function, and setting N, P, K nutrient application amount and proportion required by production for achieving the target sugarcane yield to obtain N, P, K application parameters;
step 3, combining the effective content of the medium trace elements obtained by the determination in the step 1, performing a medium trace element application effect test, and determining the medium trace element nutrient application amount and the mixture ratio thereof to obtain medium trace element application parameters;
step 4, combining the N, P, K application parameters in the step 2 and the medium trace element application parameters in the step 3 to formulate a nutrient formula of the special multi-nutrient sugarcane controlled and slow-release fertilizer for the sugarcane in the target sugarcane area;
step 5, coating and granulating the N fertilizer; coating urea to obtain N fertilizer coated granules, wherein the N fertilizer coated granules meet the following requirements: the nutrient release period reaches 10 months, the initial nutrient release rate is lower than 15 percent, the 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate is lower than 80 percent, and the accumulated nutrient release rate in the nutrient release period reaches 80 percent;
step 6, P, K and granulating the medium and trace element fertilizer; materials containing P, K are taken as main materials, materials containing a proper amount of medium and trace elements are added, and after being crushed, a proper amount of adhesive is added to prepare multi-nutrient particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm and the water content of less than or equal to 2%;
step 7, preparing the multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer special for sugarcane; and (4) according to the nutrient formula of the special multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane, which is set in the step (4), uniformly mixing the N fertilizer coating particles prepared in the step (5) with the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step (6) to prepare the special multi-nutrient controlled and slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane.
In an optimized scheme, the medium trace elements in the step 1 comprise S, Ca, Mg, Zn, B and Mo.
In a further optimized scheme, the N fertilizer coated particles prepared in the step 5 are coated by sulfur and resin.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the multi-nutrient granules prepared in step 6 of the present invention comprise P in the following weight amounts2O515～25％、K2O 20～30％、CaO 4～6％、MgO 2～3％、SiO22～6％、B 0.2～0.3％、Mo 0.05～0.10％、Zn 0.5～1.0％。
In a further optimized scheme, the multi-nutrient particles prepared in the step 6 are prepared by a disc method.
According to a further optimized scheme, the multi-nutrient special controlled-release fertilizer for sugarcane prepared in the step 7 comprises N12-20% and P2O510～18％、K2O 10～18％、CaO 2～3％、MgO 1～1.5％、SiO21～3％、B 0.1～0.15％、Mo 0.02～0.05％、Zn 0.25～0.5％。
The invention has the following prominent substantive features and remarkable progress:
1. the method comprehensively and systematically measures and analyzes the soil type and the production level of the target sugarcane area, and mixes a proper amount of N, P, K and nutrient elements such as medium and trace elements to obtain the multi-nutrient special controlled and slow release fertilizer for sugarcane.
2. The special multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer for sugarcane can provide sufficient, reasonable and rich nutrient components for sugarcane in each growth period, can avoid the addition of excessive nutrient elements, and realizes high-yield and high-quality planting of sugarcane; the method of the invention effectively reduces the production cost of the fertilizer and obviously increases the comprehensive benefits of agricultural fertilizer enterprises and the sugarcane industry.
Detailed Description