阅读说明：本技术 一种砷镉铅复合污染农田多功能修复材料及其施用方法 (Multifunctional arsenic-cadmium-lead composite pollution farmland remediation material and application method thereof ) 是由 刘星海 赵保军 刘俐 佟雪娇 雷健 李玉会 胡大海 于 2019-11-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种砷镉铅复合污染农田多功能修复材料及其施用方法,修复材料包括叶面喷施药剂和土壤钝化剂：叶面喷施药剂为单独的控肥SP或由控肥SP和控肥F两部分组成；控肥SP为由硒化物、偏硅酸钾、磷酸二氢钾中的一种或几种混合后溶于水形成的溶液,硒化物为硒化钠或硒化钾中任意一种,控肥SP的溶液中含有钾离子；控肥F为由铁盐或铁盐与硫酸锰混合溶于水形成的溶液,铁盐为硫酸铁或硫酸亚铁中任意一种或二者的混合物；土壤钝化剂为铁系钝化剂和/或碱系钝化剂。本发明根据土壤和农产品中污染物种类,有针对性的选择土壤钝化剂和叶面喷施药剂,配合科学的施用方法,可以有效保护农产品安全、提高农产品产量及品质。(The invention provides an arsenic, cadmium and lead compound pollution farmland multifunctional repairing material and an application method thereof, wherein the repairing material comprises a foliar spraying medicament and a soil passivator: the foliage spraying agent is single fertilizer control SP or consists of two parts of the fertilizer control SP and the fertilizer control F; the fertilizer control SP is a solution formed by dissolving one or more of selenide, potassium metasilicate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water after being mixed, the selenide is any one of sodium selenide or potassium selenide, and the solution of the fertilizer control SP contains potassium ions; the fertilizer control F is a solution formed by mixing ferric salt or ferric salt and manganese sulfate and dissolving in water, wherein the ferric salt is one of ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the ferric sulfate and the ferrous sulfate; the soil passivator is an iron passivator and/or an alkali passivator. According to the invention, the soil passivator and the foliar spray agent are selected in a targeted manner according to the types of pollutants in soil and agricultural products, and a scientific application method is matched, so that the safety of the agricultural products can be effectively protected, and the yield and the quality of the agricultural products can be improved.)

1. The multifunctional repairing material for the arsenic, cadmium and lead compound polluted farmland is characterized by comprising a foliar spraying medicament and a soil passivator: the foliar spraying agent is single fertilizer control SP or consists of two parts of the fertilizer control SP and the fertilizer control F; the fertilizer control SP is a solution formed by dissolving one or more of selenide, potassium metasilicate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water after being mixed, the selenide is any one of sodium selenide or potassium selenide, and the solution of the fertilizer control SP contains potassium ions; the fertilizer control F is a solution formed by mixing ferric salt or ferric salt and manganese sulfate and dissolving in water, wherein the ferric salt is any one of ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the ferric sulfate and the ferrous sulfate; the soil passivator is an iron passivator and/or an alkali passivator.

2. The multifunctional arsenic-cadmium-lead composite pollution farmland restoration material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron-based passivator takes any one or a mixture of several of iron sand, magnetite powder, hematite powder, ferric sulfate and ferrous sulfate as a matrix, and the mixture of the matrix and one or a mixture of several of humus, wood chips, bentonite, plant ash, leaves and urea is mixed in a proportion of 1-5: 1-5 parts by weight.

3. The multifunctional repair material for the farmland compositely polluted by arsenic, cadmium and lead as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the alkali passivator takes any one or a mixture of more of oxides or hydroxides of calcium and magnesium or alkaline industrial waste residues as a matrix, and the mixture of the matrix and one or more of humus, wood chips, bentonite, plant ash, leaves and urea is mixed in a proportion of 1-5: 1-5 parts by weight.

4. The multifunctional repair material for the farmland polluted by the arsenic, cadmium and lead compositely according to the claim 3, characterized in that the alkaline industrial waste residue comprises carbide slag, fly ash and steel slag.

5. The multifunctional repair material for the arsenic, cadmium and lead compound polluted farmland as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the iron element to the manganese element in the fertilizer F is 10-50: 1.

6. a method of application of the repair material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method of application comprises the following steps

1) Before planting, applying an iron-based passivator and/or an alkali-based passivator according to 1-10% of the soil mass, turning over the soil to ensure that the soil passivator is fully contacted with heavy metals, uniformly mixing by adopting a rotary cultivator, and curing for 1-2 weeks to realize land planting and utilization;

2) after planting, diluting the foliage spraying agent, enabling the potassium ion concentration in the controlled fertilizer SP to be in the range of 0.1-10 g/L, and adjusting the pH of the controlled fertilizer SP to be 6-10; the concentration of iron ions in the fertilizer F is controlled to be 0.1-10 mg/L; and (3) selecting to spray the diluted fertilizer control SP or the fertilizer control SP and the fertilizer control F for 2-8 times respectively according to the over-standard conditions of arsenic, cadmium and/or lead in grains or fruits at the initial fruiting stage of the cereal crops in the booting stage or the flowering stage of other crops and on the 2 nd day after rain or on the 2 nd day after water spraying.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural spray irrigation and fertilization, and particularly relates to an arsenic-cadmium-lead composite polluted farmland multifunctional repairing material and an application method thereof.

Background

Arsenic, a nonmetallic element, exists mainly in the form of sulfides such As realgar (As)₄S₄) Hen yellow (As)₂S₃) Arsenopyrite (FeAsS), and the like. Arsenic compounds are also widely used in the manufacture of preservatives, dyes, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceuticals and the like.

In 2017, 10 and 27, the national health organization international cancer research institution publishes a carcinogen list for preliminary reference, and arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds are in a carcinogen list. In 2019, 7 and 23 months, arsenic and arsenic compounds were listed in the list of toxic and harmful water pollutants (first batch). As pollution in soil reaches a certain degree, soil degradation and yield and quality reduction of growing crops can be caused, and more seriously, the arsenic content of edible parts of the crops is too high, so that the human health is damaged.

At present, the mobility of arsenic is reduced by adding Fe²⁺And oxidation-produced Fe thereof³⁺Oxidizing As (III) to As (V), adjusting pH to 8-10 with alkali to make Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺Hydrolyzing to form hydroxide colloid, and reacting AsO with the hydroxide colloid₄ ^3-、Ca(AsO₂)₂、Fe(AsO₂)₃And other forms of arsenic-containing compounds are adsorbed on the surface, and the arsenic is wrapped and fixed by colloid condensation.

However, it is difficult to simultaneously stabilize a plurality of heavy metals, especially different kinds of heavy metals, such as phosphate versus lead (Pb)²⁺) Has better stabilizing effect but has good effect on arsenic (AsO)₄ ^3-) But has the function of activating and releasing. Acharyya (Nature, 1999) et al noted that arsenic contamination of Bengal groundwater in the last 60 to 90 decades was due to the massive use of farmland phosphate fertilizers, PO₄ ^3-With AsO₄ ^3-Competitive adsorption occurs on the surface of the metal oxide, and partial arsenic is desorbed into underground water. In addition, if multiple anions coexist, the problem of mutual competitive adsorption exists, and heavy metal analysis is further influenced to different degrees.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide an arsenic-cadmium-lead composite pollution farmland multifunctional repair material and an application method thereof, which solve the problem that heavy metals of farmland crops polluted by arsenic, cadmium and lead exceed standards, effectively reduce the contents of arsenic, cadmium and lead in edible parts of the crops and enable the contents to be lower than the pollutant limit in national standard food.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the multifunctional repairing material for the arsenic, cadmium and lead compound polluted farmland comprises a foliar spraying medicament and a soil passivator:

the foliar spraying agent is single fertilizer control SP or consists of two parts of the fertilizer control SP and the fertilizer control F; the fertilizer control SP is a solution formed by dissolving one or more of selenide, potassium metasilicate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water after being mixed, the selenide is any one of sodium selenide or potassium selenide, and the solution of the fertilizer control SP contains potassium ions; the fertilizer control F is a solution formed by mixing ferric salt or ferric salt and manganese sulfate and dissolving in water, wherein the ferric salt is any one of ferric sulfate or ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the ferric sulfate and the ferrous sulfate;

the soil passivator is an iron passivator and/or an alkali passivator.

Further, the iron-based passivator takes any one or a mixture of several of iron sand, magnetite powder, hematite powder, ferric sulfate and ferrous sulfate as a matrix, and the mixture of the matrix and one or several of humus, sawdust, bentonite, plant ash, leaves and urea is mixed by a mixing ratio of 1-5: 1-5 parts by weight.

Further, the alkali passivating agent takes any one or a mixture of more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide or alkaline industrial waste residues as a matrix, and the mixture of the matrix and one or more of humus, sawdust, bentonite, plant ash, leaves and urea is mixed in a proportion of 1-5: 1-5 parts by weight.

Further, the alkaline industrial waste residue comprises carbide slag, fly ash and steel slag.

Further, the mass ratio of the iron element to the manganese element in the controlled fertilizer F is 10-50: 1.

the application method of the repair material comprises the following steps:

according to the types of pollutants in soil and agricultural products, a soil passivator and a foliar spraying medicament are selected in a targeted manner. Whether the arsenic pollution exists in the soil is mainly considered by an iron-based passivator, and whether the cadmium pollution and/or the lead pollution exists in the soil is mainly considered by an alkali-based passivator.

1) Before planting, applying the iron passivator and the alkali passivator into soil with a certain weight according to the types and the contents of pollutants in polluted soil, turning over the soil according to the mass of 1-10% of the soil, fully contacting the soil passivator with the heavy metal, uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage times are 1-3 times, and the rotary tillage depth is 10-30 cm; carrying out rotary tillage and mixing, and curing for 1-2 weeks to develop land planting and utilization;

2) after planting, diluting the foliage spraying agent, enabling the potassium ion concentration in the controlled fertilizer SP to be in the range of 0.1-10 g/L, and adjusting the pH of the controlled fertilizer SP to be 6-10; the concentration of iron ions in the fertilizer F is controlled to be 0.1-10 mg/L; and (3) selecting to spray the diluted fertilizer control SP or the fertilizer control SP and the fertilizer control F for 2-8 times respectively according to the over-standard conditions of arsenic, cadmium and/or lead in grains or fruits at the initial fruiting stage of the cereal crops in the booting stage or the flowering stage of other crops and on the 2 nd day after rain or on the 2 nd day after water spraying.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the multifunctional repairing material is prepared by matching a foliar spraying medicament and a soil passivator. When the soil stabilizer is applied, the soil passivator is selected to fix the pollution elements in a targeted manner according to the types of pollutants in the soil, so that the stabilizing effect is improved. After planting, two kinds of fertilizer control are sprayed alternately according to the content of pollutants in the edible part of the crops, so that the content of arsenic, cadmium and lead in the edible part of the crops can be effectively reduced and is lower than the pollutant limit in the national standard of food safety, the national standard of food safety is met, and the quality of crop products is improved.

Detailed Description