阅读说明：本技术 一种蔬菜废弃物液体微生物肥料及其制备方法 (Vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 赵自超 姚利 付龙云 王艳芹 张海兰 单洪涛 郭兵 杨正涛 于 2019-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请提供了一种蔬菜废弃物液体微生物肥料,其原料包括以下质量份的组分：3～6份的蔬菜废弃物的挤压液,0.5～2份的复合微生物菌剂,1～3份的尿素,0.5～2份的黄腐酸钾,0.5～2份的磷酸二氢钾,0.1～0.5份的氨基酸螯合钙,0.05～0.2份的硫酸镁；本申请还提供了一种蔬菜废弃物液体微生物肥料的制备方法；不仅可以用蔬菜废弃物的挤压液代替生产传统液体肥料的水源,而且同时有助于解决蔬菜废弃物治理的问题,缓解了资源与环境压力,且含有植物生长所需的营养元素和有益微生物,有改良土壤和促进植物生长、提高作物品质的功效,操作方法简单,原料来源广泛,可以降低成本,在蔬菜集中种植区具有广阔的应用前景。(The application provides a vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-6 parts of vegetable waste extrusion liquid, 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent, 1-3 parts of urea, 0.5-2 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid chelated calcium and 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate; the application also provides a preparation method of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer; the water source for producing the traditional liquid fertilizer can be replaced by the extrusion liquid of the vegetable wastes, the problem of treatment of the vegetable wastes is solved, the resource and environment pressure is relieved, the vegetable fertilizer contains nutrient elements and beneficial microorganisms required by plant growth, the effects of improving soil, promoting plant growth and improving crop quality are achieved, the operation method is simple, the raw material source is wide, the cost can be reduced, and the vegetable fertilizer has a wide application prospect in a centralized vegetable planting area.)

1. The vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by mixing a plurality of raw materials, wherein the raw materials of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by mass: 3-6 parts of vegetable waste extrusion liquid, 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent, 1-3 parts of urea, 0.5-2 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid chelated calcium and 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate.

2. The vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent is a bacterial liquid which comprises a fermentation liquid obtained by culturing lactobacillus plantarum in an MRS liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained by culturing bacillus subtilis in an LB liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained by culturing bacillus megaterium in an LB liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained by culturing bacillus licheniformis in an LB liquid culture medium, and a fermentation liquid obtained by culturing pichia pastoris in an YPD liquid culture medium, wherein the fermentation liquids are mixed in equal volume ratio.

3. The vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the composite microbial agent is at least 80 hundred million/g.

4. A method for preparing a vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps in order:

1) inoculating the preserved lactobacillus plantarum into an MRS liquid culture medium, and then culturing for 36h at 37 ℃ without introducing air;

inoculating the bacillus subtilis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating the bacillus megaterium into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating bacillus licheniformis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating Pichia pastoris into YPD liquid culture medium, and culturing at 35 deg.C with air for 48 hr;

then collecting fermentation liquor after the culture of various microbial strains is finished, and uniformly mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to prepare a compound microbial agent;

2) adding urea, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate into the extrusion liquid of the vegetable waste according to a formula, stirring until the urea, the potassium fulvate, the monopotassium phosphate, the amino acid chelated calcium and the magnesium sulfate are completely dissolved, then adding the composite microbial agent prepared in the step 1), and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microbial fertilizers, in particular to a vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The vegetable waste is generated by more than 6 hundred million tons every year in China, the vegetable waste is difficult to utilize due to high water content and easy decay and deterioration, and about 70 percent of the vegetable waste cannot be effectively utilized. Therefore, not only is a great amount of resources wasted, but also ecological environment pollution is caused, and the sustainable development of the vegetable industry is severely restricted.

Common treatment methods of vegetable waste: 1) the biogas is produced by aerobic composting fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, the occupied area is large, the treatment process time is too long, a large amount of greenhouse gases and some malodorous gases can be discharged in the fermentation process, and secondary pollution to the environment can be caused; 2) the traditional chemical water-soluble fertilizer is completely dissolved in water during use, can effectively improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, increase the yield of crops and improve the quality of the crops, but has generally higher use cost and is difficult to accept by general farmers, and if microorganisms are added into the fertilizer, the microorganisms are inactivated due to overhigh nutrient concentration.

The microbial fertilizer is divided into five types according to the microbial variety, namely ① bacterial fertilizers (such as rhizoctonia, azotobacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacterial fertilizers, potassium-dissolving bacterial fertilizers and photosynthetic bacterial fertilizers), ② actinomycete fertilizers (such as antibiotic fertilizers), ③ fungal fertilizers (such as mycorrhizal bactericides and endophytic bactericides), ④ algae fertilizers (such as cyanobacteria azotobacteria) and ⑤ compound microbial fertilizers, namely more than two types of microbes are combined according to a certain proportion to form the microbial fertilizer, which mainly has three formulations of liquid, powder and particles.

The microbial agent is a viable bacteria preparation prepared by processing fermentation liquor for adsorbing bacteria by using porous substances as adsorbents (such as turf and vermiculite) after industrial production and propagation of target microorganisms (effective bacteria). The bactericide is used for dressing seeds or dipping roots, and has the effects of directly or indirectly improving soil, restoring land capability, preventing soil-borne diseases, maintaining rhizosphere microflora balance, degrading toxic and harmful substances and the like. The agricultural microbial agent can be properly used for improving the yield of agricultural products, improving the quality of the agricultural products, reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, reducing the cost, improving the soil and protecting the ecological environment. The preparation can be divided into: liquid, powder, granular; the microorganisms may be classified into: rhizobium inoculant, azotobacter inoculant, phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculant, silicate microbial inoculant, photosynthetic bacterial inoculant, organic material decomposing inoculant, growth promoting inoculant, mycorrhizal inoculant, bioremediation inoculant and the like; the method is divided into the following steps: microbial agents and complex microbial agents.

The inside of the microbial agent is simply a live bacterial preparation, and the inside of the microbial agent is free of other nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by plant growth, and the microbial agent and a proper nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are uniformly mixed to prepare the microbial fertilizer.

Therefore, how to recycle vegetable wastes as resources, reduce resource waste, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the sustainable development of vegetable industry is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the technical field.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer. Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a liquid microbial fertilizer from vegetable wastes.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer is formed by mixing a plurality of raw materials, and the raw materials of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer comprise the following components in parts by mass: 3-6 parts of vegetable waste extrusion liquid, 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent, 1-3 parts of urea, 0.5-2 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid chelated calcium and 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate.

Preferably, the compound microbial agent is a bacterial liquid which comprises fermentation liquor obtained after lactobacillus plantarum is cultured in an MRS liquid culture medium, fermentation liquor obtained after bacillus subtilis is cultured in an LB liquid culture medium, fermentation liquor obtained after bacillus megaterium is cultured in the LB liquid culture medium, fermentation liquor obtained after bacillus licheniformis is cultured in the LB liquid culture medium and fermentation liquor obtained after pichia pastoris is cultured in an YPD liquid culture medium, and the fermentation liquors are mixed in equal volume.

Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the compound microbial agent is at least 80 hundred million/g.

The application also provides a preparation method of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of:

1) inoculating the preserved lactobacillus plantarum into an MRS liquid culture medium, and then culturing for 36h at 37 ℃ without introducing air;

inoculating the bacillus subtilis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating the bacillus megaterium into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating bacillus licheniformis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating Pichia pastoris into YPD liquid culture medium, and culturing at 35 deg.C with air for 48 hr;

then collecting fermentation liquor after the culture of various microbial strains is finished, and uniformly mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to prepare a compound microbial agent;

2) adding urea, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate into the extrusion liquid of the vegetable waste according to a formula, stirring until the urea, the potassium fulvate, the monopotassium phosphate, the amino acid chelated calcium and the magnesium sulfate are completely dissolved, then adding the composite microbial agent prepared in the step 1), and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer.

The application has the following beneficial technical effects:

1) the liquid microbial fertilizer prepared from the vegetable wastes is prepared by adopting liquid obtained by extruding fresh vegetable wastes through external force to replace water in conventional production and adding the compound microbial agent, and has the advantages of simple operation method, wide raw material source, cost reduction, remarkable economic benefit and ecological benefit and wide application prospect in a vegetable centralized planting area.

2) The vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer provided by the invention contains nutrient elements and beneficial microorganisms required by plant growth, and has the effects of improving soil, promoting plant growth and improving crop quality.

3) The liquid microbial fertilizer of vegetable wastes provided by the invention can replace a water source for producing liquid fertilizers, is beneficial to solving the problem of treatment of vegetable wastes, relieves the resource and environmental pressure, recycles the vegetable wastes as resources, reduces the resource waste, reduces the environmental pollution and improves the sustainable development of the vegetable industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer prepared in example 1 of example 2 on the yield of oilseed rape compared to a comparative example.

FIG. 2 is the effect of applying the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer prepared in example 1 and the comparative example in example 3 on the yield of cauliflower.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of applying the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer prepared in example 1 and the comparative example in example 4 on cucumber yield.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the scope of the claims.

The application provides vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer, vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer is formed by mixing multiple raw materials, vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer's raw materials include the component of following parts by mass: 3-6 parts of vegetable waste extrusion liquid, 0.5-2 parts of compound microbial agent, 1-3 parts of urea, 0.5-2 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid chelated calcium and 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate.

In an embodiment of the application, the compound microbial agent is a bacterial liquid which comprises a fermentation liquid obtained after lactobacillus plantarum is cultured in an MRS liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained after bacillus subtilis is cultured in an LB liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained after bacillus megaterium is cultured in an LB liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained after bacillus licheniformis is cultured in an LB liquid culture medium, a fermentation liquid obtained after pichia pastoris is cultured in an YPD liquid culture medium, and the fermentation liquids are mixed in equal volume ratio.

In one embodiment of the present application, the number of viable bacteria in the complex microbial inoculant is at least 80 hundred million/g.

The application also provides a preparation method of the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of:

1) inoculating the preserved lactobacillus plantarum into an MRS liquid culture medium, and then culturing for 36h at 37 ℃ without introducing air;

inoculating the bacillus subtilis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating the bacillus megaterium into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating bacillus licheniformis into an LB liquid culture medium, and then introducing air to culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃;

inoculating Pichia pastoris into YPD liquid culture medium, and culturing at 35 deg.C with air for 48 hr;

then collecting fermentation liquor after the culture of various microbial strains is finished, and uniformly mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to prepare a compound microbial agent;

2) adding urea, potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate into the extrusion liquid of the vegetable waste according to a formula, stirring until the urea, the potassium fulvate, the monopotassium phosphate, the amino acid chelated calcium and the magnesium sulfate are completely dissolved, then adding the composite microbial agent prepared in the step 1), and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the vegetable waste liquid microbial fertilizer.

In the present application, the function and effect of the extrusion liquid of vegetable waste in the present formulation are: the first is to replace water and save water resources, and the second is to contain a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur and other elements in the extrusion liquid, which are the elements needed by plants.

In the application, the functions and effects of the compound microbial agent in the formula are as follows: provides active substances, activates soil, stimulates the release of soil nutrients, improves the soil, promotes the growth and development of crops, and is beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of the crops. And pathogenic bacteria carried by the squeezing liquid of the vegetable wastes can be killed.

In the present application, the function and effect of urea in the present formulation are: provide the nitrogen fertilizer needed by crops.

In the present application, the functions and effects of potassium fulvate in the present formulation are: provides fulvic acid and potash fertilizer, and can fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and activate potassium. Can improve the utilization efficiency of potash fertilizer, and has the functions of strengthening seedling, resisting continuous cropping, resisting disease, improving soil and improving crop quality.

In the present application, the function and effect of monopotassium phosphate in the formula are as follows: provides phosphoric acid and potash fertilizer to promote the fast growth of crop stem and leaf.

In the present application, the function and effect of the amino acid chelated calcium in the present formulation are: provides calcium element and amino acid for crops, can make crops quickly absorb the calcium element, can enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, improves the quality of agricultural products and increases the yield.

In the present application, the function and effect of magnesium sulfate in the present formulation are: provides magnesium element for crops, and the magnesium element is a component of chlorophyll of leaves of the crops. Can promote the growth of crops.

According to the invention, various raw materials are mixed together, and have no antagonistic action, so that the maximum action of the respective raw materials can be exerted, the soil can be loosened, the soil nutrient supply capacity can be improved, the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops can be enhanced, the growth and development of the crops can be promoted, and the yield and quality of the crops can be improved.

In this application, vegetable waste: the stem and leaf of vegetables are discarded during or after the growth process, such as vine discarded during the growth process of cucumber, tomato, green bean, etc., stem and leaf of Chinese cabbage, radish, cauliflower, etc., and the water content is generally above 80%. The extrusion liquid of the vegetable waste is liquid extruded by fresh vegetable waste through external force.

For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the liquid microbial fertilizer of vegetable waste and the preparation method thereof, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.