阅读说明：本技术 一种疏水吸湿织物涂层及其制备方法 (Hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating and preparation method thereof ) 是由 赵燕 张海艳 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种疏水吸湿织物涂层及其制备方法,制备方法为：将亲水单体、疏水单体和交联剂混合后,在织物表面引发聚合和交联制得疏水吸湿织物涂层,其中,疏水单体的碳链长度大于亲水单体,且疏水单体的质量占亲水单体、疏水单体和交联剂总质量的百分比为65％～95％；制得的疏水吸湿织物涂层为主要由亲水链段(含亲水基团)、疏水链段(含疏水基团)和交联剂构成的共聚网状结构,疏水链段起到排斥液体水滴的作用,而亲水链段则起到吸收气态水汽的作用。本发明的制备方法简单易行,成本较低,制得的织物涂层具有较好的吸湿和疏水性能,涂层对基材改性后不会改变织物风格,应用前景较好。(The invention relates to a hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a hydrophilic monomer, a hydrophobic monomer and a cross-linking agent, and then initiating polymerization and cross-linking on the surface of the fabric to prepare a hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, wherein the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic monomer is greater than that of the hydrophilic monomer, and the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for 65-95% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and the cross-linking agent; the prepared hydrophobic moisture absorption fabric coating is a copolymer network structure mainly composed of a hydrophilic chain segment (containing a hydrophilic group), a hydrophobic chain segment (containing a hydrophobic group) and a cross-linking agent, wherein the hydrophobic chain segment plays a role in repelling liquid water drops, and the hydrophilic chain segment plays a role in absorbing gaseous water vapor. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, the cost is low, the prepared fabric coating has good moisture absorption and hydrophobic properties, the style of the fabric cannot be changed after the coating modifies the base material, and the application prospect is good.)

1. A preparation method of a hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating is characterized by comprising the following steps: after mixing hydrophilic monomer, hydrophobic monomer and cross-linking agent, initiating polymerization and cross-linking on the surface of the fabric to obtain the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, wherein the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic monomer is greater than that of the hydrophilic monomer, and the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for 65-95% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and the cross-linking agent.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiation comprises the use of a photoinitiator and ultraviolet light.

3. The method for preparing the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) mixing a hydrophilic monomer, a hydrophobic monomer, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) diluting the mixed solution with a solvent to obtain a coating solution;

(3) dip-coating the fabric in a coating solution, and then extruding the fabric in a roller machine;

(4) the fabric is irradiated with ultraviolet light and then dried.

4. The preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the hydrophilic monomer is 1-5: 1-15, and the mass of the photoinitiator is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic monomer;

the hydrophilic monomer is more than one of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide and methacryloyl ethyl sulfobetaine;

the hydrophobic monomer is more than one of tetradecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate and hexadecyl acrylate;

the cross-linking agent is more than one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, N-carboxyethyl acrylamide and 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl-2-methyl-2-acrylate;

the photoinitiator is more than one of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone, 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenoxy phosphorus, benzil dimethyl ketal, benzophenone, Michler's ketone and diphenylethanone.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hydrophilic monomer is methacrylic acid, the hydrophobic monomer is tetradecyl methacrylate, the crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and the photoinitiator is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl benzophenone.

6. The preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the solvent is one or more of acetone, ethanol and dimethyl amide, and the volume ratio of the solvent to the mixed solution is 0.5-5: 1.

7. The preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the fabric is cotton fabric or polyester fabric, and the extrusion pressure is 0.1-1 MPa.

8. The method for preparing the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the irradiation time is 5-60 min, the drying temperature is 50-150 ℃, and the drying time is 1-8 h.

9. The hydrophobic and hygroscopic fabric coating prepared by the method for preparing the hydrophobic and hygroscopic fabric coating according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that: the hydrophilic chain segment is a copolymer network structure mainly composed of a hydrophilic chain segment, a hydrophobic chain segment and a cross-linking agent, wherein the hydrophilic chain segment contains hydrophilic groups, the hydrophobic chain segment contains hydrophobic groups, the hydrophobic chain segment plays a role in repelling liquid water drops, and the hydrophilic chain segment plays a role in absorbing gaseous water vapor.

10. The hydrophobic, absorbent fabric coating of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic, absorbent fabric coating has a contact angle with water of 112 ° or greater; the moisture regain of the polyester fabric containing the hydrophobic moisture absorption fabric coating is more than 3.5 times of the moisture regain of the polyester fabric with the same specification.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional polymer materials, and relates to a hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, development of science and technology drives various industries to advance, and more comfortable, functional and intelligent fabrics in the textile field become the key points of research of people. Hydrophobic moisture-permeable fabric, also called breathable fabric, means that it cannot be wetted by water under certain conditions, but sweat emitted from the human body can diffuse or pass through the fabric to the outside without accumulating and condensing between the body surface and the fabric. The moisture permeability is mainly related to the moisture absorption properties of the fabric material and the structure of the fabric material. The fabric can achieve certain hydrophobic and moisture permeable effects by adopting the micro synthetic filament to carry out high-density weaving and carrying out contraction treatment, for example, a 'Microfit Rectmax' fabric of the company of Japan imperial, the dacron micro fine denier fiber is adopted to weave the high-density fabric, the floating long lines of the texture are utilized to simulate the convex structure on the surface of the lotus leaf, and meanwhile, the grey cloth is subjected to contraction treatment and water repellent finishing, so that the fabric has good hydrophobic and moisture permeable properties. In addition, acrylic acid or polyurethane can be used as a coating, a layer of hydrophobic and moisture permeable film is coated on the surface of the fabric, or a film with the hydrophobic and moisture permeable function, such as a polytetrafluoroethylene film, is compounded with the fabric, such as Gore-tex products of Gore company, and the hydrophobic PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film lamination is combined with a hydrophilic PU (polyurethane) coating to realize the hydrophobic and moisture permeable function. These hydrophobic moisture permeable fabrics allow water vapor to pass through and diffuse through gaps of the fabric structure or micropores of the dense hydrophobic film, but cannot absorb moisture. Therefore, when the hydrophobicity meets the requirement, the moisture absorption performance of the fabric is reduced, and the comfort of the fabric when the fabric is worn is greatly reduced.

Patent CN201821044727.X discloses a waterproof breathable elastic kasugao fabric which is provided with a waterproof layer, a base layer, an elastic layer, a breathable layer and a waterproof layer, but the fabric has thick hand feeling and poor hygroscopicity. The high-density fabric has good moisture absorption performance and poor hydrophobic performance because a compact film does not exist and the hydrophobic effect is achieved mainly through the compactness of the fabric structure; the multilayer fabric prepared by the laminating method or the film with the micropore structure prepared by the polyurethane coating method has micropores on the surface, so that water vapor can penetrate and diffuse, but can not absorb moisture, when more gaseous water molecules are available, the gaseous water molecules cannot be quickly penetrated, the gaseous water molecules are easy to gather and condense on the surface, the wearing feeling of a human body is stuffy and hot, the wearing discomfort is caused by poor moisture absorption performance, and the fabric style and the hand feeling are poor due to the thicker coating or more laminated layers, so that the application range is correspondingly limited.

Hydrophobic and hygroscopic means that the coated fabric has hydrophobicity to liquid water and can absorb gaseous water vapor. Literature (preparation of water pressure resistant breathable superhydrophobic textiles [ J)]Printing and dyeing, 2017,43(02):1-5+ 15), using ethyl orthosilicate and hexadecyl trimethoxy silane as precursors, and loading hydrophobic fiber surfaceNano SiO₂A micro-nano double-step rough structure is constructed on the surface of the polyester fabric, and the hydrophobic effect of hexadecyl trimethoxy silane is combined to obtain the multifunctional fabric with super hydrophobicity and air permeability, the contact angle of a water drop on the surface of the modified fabric is 162 degrees, but because hydrophilic substances are not contained in the fabric, the fabric has poor hygroscopic property when the humidity is higher, the water drop is easy to condense on the surface of the fabric, and the comfort of a human body is reduced.

At present, the problem of contradiction between hydrophobic and hygroscopic properties is still not solved well. The fabric achieves the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing functions through technical modification, and meanwhile, the original style of the fabric is not changed, so that the application range of the fabric can be widened, and the method has very important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that a hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric in the prior art cannot have good hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing properties at the same time, and provides a hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of a hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating comprises the steps of mixing a hydrophilic monomer, a hydrophobic monomer and a cross-linking agent, and then carrying out polymerization and cross-linking on the surface of a fabric to obtain the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, wherein the length of a carbon chain of the hydrophobic monomer is larger than that of the hydrophilic monomer, and the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for 65% -95% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and the cross-linking agent (the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for too small (less than 65%) of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and the cross-linking agent, so that hydrophobic groups in a network formed by cross-linking are too sparse and an effective hydrophobic layer cannot be formed, and the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for too large (more than 95%) of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and the cross-linking agent, so that too few hydrophilic groups in.

According to the invention, by initiating polymerization of a hydrophilic monomer and a hydrophobic monomer, a hydrophilic chain segment (playing a role of absorbing gaseous water vapor) and a hydrophobic chain segment (playing a role of repelling liquid water drops) are introduced into a coating layer at the same time, and simultaneously, by controlling the carbon chain length of the hydrophobic monomer to be larger than that of the hydrophilic monomer, and the mass of the hydrophobic monomer accounts for 65% -95% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer and a cross-linking agent, hydrophobic groups on the hydrophobic chain segment are distributed on the outer side of the fabric in a proper dense degree, hydrophilic groups on the hydrophilic chain segment are distributed on the inner side of the fabric, when the coating layer contacts the liquid water drops, the liquid water drops contact with the hydrophobic groups on the outer side of the fabric first, and a larger contact angle is formed when water contacts the fabric, so; when the coating layer contacts gaseous water vapor, the gaseous water vapor is very small in volume, so that the gaseous water vapor can easily contact with hydrophilic groups in the coating layer through hydrophobic groups, and is quickly combined and absorbed by the hydrophilic groups without gathering and condensing on the surface, and the hydrophilic groups play a main function at the moment, so that the coating layer has a moisture absorption characteristic; therefore, the coated fabric has excellent hydrophobic moisture absorption performance.

As a preferred technical scheme:

the preparation method of the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating adopts the photoinitiator and the ultraviolet light. When the polymerization and the crosslinking are initiated on the surface of the fabric, the photoinitiator and the ultraviolet light are used for initiation, so compared with the traditional thermal initiation polymerization technology, the method has the advantages of milder condition, low initiation energy, simple process, easy control, convenient operation and low cost.

The preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating comprises the following specific steps:

(1) mixing a hydrophilic monomer, a hydrophobic monomer, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) diluting the mixed solution with a solvent to obtain a coating solution;

(3) dip-coating the fabric in a coating solution, and then extruding the fabric in a roller machine;

(4) the fabric is irradiated with ultraviolet light and then dried.

According to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the hydrophilic monomer is 1-5: 1-15, the influence of the coating on the fabric style is minimum when the content of the cross-linking agent is set in the range, the mass of the photoinitiator is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic monomer, and the optimal initiation efficiency is achieved when the content of the photoinitiator is set in the range;

the hydrophilic monomer is more than one of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide and methacryloyl ethyl sulfobetaine;

the hydrophobic monomer is more than one of tetradecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate and hexadecyl acrylate;

the cross-linking agent is more than one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, N-carboxyethyl acrylamide and 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl-2-methyl-2-acrylate;

the photoinitiator is more than one of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone, 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenoxy phosphorus, benzil dimethyl ketal, benzophenone, Michler's ketone and diphenylethanone.

According to the preparation method of the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, the hydrophilic monomer is methacrylic acid, the hydrophobic monomer is tetradecyl methacrylate, the crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and the photoinitiator is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl benzophenone.

According to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, in the step (2), the solvent is more than one of acetone, ethanol and dimethyl amide, and the volume ratio of the solvent to the mixed solution is 0.5-5: 1.

According to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, in the step (3), the fabric is a cotton fabric or a polyester fabric, and the extrusion pressure is 0.1-1 MPa.

According to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, in the step (4), the irradiation time is 5-60 min, the drying temperature is 50-150 ℃, and the drying time is 1-8 h.

The invention also provides the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating prepared by the preparation method of the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, which is a copolymer network structure mainly composed of a hydrophilic chain segment, a hydrophobic chain segment and a cross-linking agent, wherein the hydrophilic chain segment contains hydrophilic groups, the hydrophobic chain segment contains hydrophobic groups, the hydrophobic chain segment has the function of repelling liquid water drops, and the hydrophilic chain segment has the function of absorbing gaseous water vapor.

As a preferred technical scheme:

a hydrophobic, hygroscopic fabric coating as described above, the hydrophobic, hygroscopic fabric coating having a contact angle with water of 112 ° or more; the moisture regain of the polyester fabric containing the hydrophobic moisture absorption fabric coating is more than 3.5 times of the moisture regain of the polyester fabric with the same specification. Because the factors influencing the moisture regain are the performance of the fabric material except the coating, and the moisture absorption of the coating or the moisture absorption of the fabric is difficult to say for the fabric such as cotton and the like, the moisture regain change of the terylene is selected to represent the moisture absorption performance, and the moisture regain test of the invention is carried out according to the national standard GB/T6529-2008.

Has the advantages that:

(1) according to the preparation method of the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating, the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing polymer coating is prepared by adopting a one-step method, the method is simple, the polymer is not required to be synthesized for many times, and the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating is prepared by assembling a plurality of working procedures layer by layer;

(2) according to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, photo-initiated polymerization is adopted, so that the required energy consumption is low, pollutants are less formed in the preparation process, the preparation method is more environment-friendly, and the cost is low;

(3) according to the preparation method of the hydrophobic and moisture-absorbing fabric coating, the prepared coating does not change the fabric style after modifying the base material, and the application range of the fabric is not influenced;

(4) the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric prepared by the preparation method of the hydrophobic moisture-absorbing fabric coating is a copolymerization network structure mainly composed of a hydrophilic chain segment, a hydrophobic chain segment and a cross-linking agent, wherein the hydrophilic short carbon chain provides moisture absorption for the fabric coating, the hydrophobic long carbon chain provides hydrophobicity for the fabric coating, and the cross-linking agent is used for enabling two monomers to be cross-linked to form a stable copolymer network.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic absorbent fabric coating of example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic absorbent fabric coating of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph of an infrared characterization of fabrics treated and untreated with the hydrophobic, absorbent fabric coating of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the infrared characterization of fabrics treated and untreated with the hydrophobic absorbent fabric coating of example 2;

FIG. 5 is a graph of moisture regain for different fabrics;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the hydrophobic absorbent fabric coating of the present invention being hydrophobic to liquid water droplets;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the absorption of gaseous water droplets by the hydrophobic absorbent fabric coating of the present invention;

wherein, 1-hydrophobic chain segment, 2-hydrophilic chain segment and 3-crosslinking agent.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.