阅读说明：本技术 一种自紧卡爪、可退式变径打捞工具及方法 (Self-tightening clamping jaw and retractable reducing fishing tool and method ) 是由 王思凡 尹敬军 胡东锋 王培峰 魏小房 黄永章 王磊 赵恒� 刘立鹏 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明一种自紧卡爪、可退式变径打捞工具及方法,属于井下抓捞工具技术领域,本发明提供的一种自紧卡爪,包括：卡盘,所述卡盘具有多个卡爪；自紧卡瓦；导轨；弹性部,所述弹性部的弹力大于自紧卡瓦的重力,自紧卡瓦和所述卡爪叠加的厚度可在相对滑移过程中逐渐增加,确保抓捞待捞物。本发明通过配套的活动卡爪和卡瓦可实现内捞和外捞,对待捞物的形状要求低,能实现井下重复操作,达到提高打捞成功率,降低作业成本的目的。自紧卡爪可抓可退、可变径、可重复操作的打捞工具来解决这类问题,打捞成功率高,适用范围广。(The invention discloses a self-tightening jack catch, a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method, belonging to the technical field of underground fishing tools, and the invention provides a self-tightening jack catch, which comprises: a chuck having a plurality of jaws; self-tightening slips; a guide rail; the elasticity portion, the elasticity of elasticity portion is greater than the gravity of tight slip certainly, tight slip certainly with jack catch superimposed thickness can be at relative slip in-process increase gradually, ensures to grab and drags for the thing. The invention can realize internal fishing and external fishing through the matched movable claws and slips, has low requirement on the shape of the object to be fished, can realize repeated operation in the pit, and achieves the aims of improving the fishing success rate and reducing the operation cost. The self-tightening clamping jaws can grab and retreat fishing tools with variable diameters and can be operated repeatedly to solve the problems, the fishing success rate is high, and the application range is wide.)

1. A self-tightening jaw, comprising:

a chuck having a plurality of jaws;

self-tightening slips;

a guide rail;

the elastic part has the elastic force larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip;

the guide rail is established on the jack catch of chuck, the guide rail is followed the length direction of jack catch sets up, the tight slips of autonomy passes through the guide rail with jack catch sliding connection, the slip direction of tight slips is followed arrive in the jack catch claw point, the working face of tight slips of autonomy is located the chuck outside or the chuck is inboard, and is a plurality of tight slips of autonomy follows in the jack catch to during the jack catch claw point removes jack catch end position, the tight slips of autonomy with the superimposed thickness of jack catch increases gradually.

2. A self-tightening jaw according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide is a groove in the jaw and a plugging body (17) in the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove and the plugging body (17) being slidably connected, the cross-sectional profile of the groove matching the cross-sectional profile of the plugging body (17), the width of the bottom of the groove being greater than the width of the mouth of the groove.

3. A self-tightening jaw according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides are a groove on the jaw and a blocking body (17) at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove and the blocking body (17) being slidably connected, the cross-sectional profile of the groove being "convex" and the cross-sectional profile of the blocking body (17) matching the groove.

4. The self-tightening jaw as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the self-tightening slips are self-tightening outer slip (16) or self-tightening inner slip (21), and a plurality of small teeth are distributed on the working surface of the self-tightening outer slip (16) or self-tightening inner slip (21).

5. The self-tightening jaw according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-tightening slip is a self-tightening outer slip (16), the self-tightening outer slip (16) is arranged on one surface of the jaw on the inner side of the chuck, one surface of the jaw on the outer side of the chuck is in a convex arc shape, and the working surface of the self-tightening outer slip (16) is in a concave arc shape; or

It is established to drag for slips (21) in for self-tightening to drag for slips (21) in self-tightening the slips (21) in the self-tightening the chuck outside the jack catch one side, it is a plurality of the jack catch to when the chuck middle part is drawn close, closely laminate between the adjacent jack catch, it is a plurality of the middle part of jack catch encloses into a centre bore, and the working face of dragging for slips (21) in the self-tightening is convex arc shape.

6. The self-tightening jaw as recited in claim 1, wherein the end of the jaw has a first position-limiting portion, the self-tightening slip has a second position-limiting portion in the middle, the first position-limiting portion and the second position-limiting portion are used to prevent the self-tightening slip from slipping out of the jaw, the elastic portion is disposed between the first position-limiting portion and the second position-limiting portion, and the elastic releasing direction of the elastic portion keeps the second position-limiting portion of the self-tightening slip away from the first position-limiting portion of the jaw.

7. The self-tightening jaw according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the self-tightening slip gradually increases from one end to the other end in the length direction of the self-tightening slip, the thicker end is located inside the jaw, and the thinner end is located on the side of the end of the jaw; and/or

The thickness of the jaw of the chuck is gradually increased from the inside of the jaw to the tip of the jaw.

8. The utility model provides a can move back formula reducing fishing tool which characterized in that includes:

a housing;

a sealed motor (4);

a self-tightening jaw as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7;

the body of sealing motor (4) is located in the casing, sealing motor (4) with the casing is fixed, the body of a kind of self-tightening jack catch is fixed casing tip, sealing motor (4) with the chuck transmission of a kind of self-tightening jack catch is connected.

9. The retractable reducing fishing tool according to claim 8, further comprising a cable (1), a connecting short joint (2), a driving short joint (3) and a rotary shaft sleeve (9), wherein the housing comprises an upper housing and a lower housing, the driving short joint (3) comprises a sealing motor (4), a fixing plate (5) and a planetary reducer (6), and the sealing motor (4) fixes the sealing motor (4) in the upper housing through the fixing plate (5); the chuck is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the middle of the chuck, the chuck comprises a transmission disc, a clamping jaw and a chuck shell, a chuck spiral groove is formed in one surface of the transmission disc, a guide groove used for guiding the clamping jaw to move towards the center is formed in the chuck shell, the clamping jaw is arranged in the guide groove, and the transmission disc is meshed with the clamping jaw through the chuck spiral groove; the rotary shaft sleeve (9) comprises a cone (7), a cylinder body and a transmission disc, the cone (7) is integrally connected with the transmission disc through the cylinder body, a connection short joint (2) is connected with a drive short joint (3), the drive short joint (3) is in transmission connection with the rotary shaft sleeve (9), the rotary shaft sleeve (9) is in rotary connection with the chuck shell, a transmission end of a sealing motor (4) is in transmission connection with the cone (7) through a planetary reducer (6), a central pipe (11) is fixed on the chuck shell, the central pipe (11) is fixed with the lower shell through the chuck shell, one end of the central pipe (11) extends into the rotary shaft sleeve (9), and the central pipe (11) is in rotary connection with the rotary shaft sleeve (9); the cable is electrically connected with the sealing motor (4) through the connecting short circuit (2); the lateral wall of barrel has hole (8), the through-hole pass through center tube (11) with the barrel intercommunication, barrel through hole (8) and through sealed motor (4) and go up the clearance between the casing and be connected short circuit (2) intercommunication.

10. A retractable reducing fishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparation tool string

At first according to the data judge in the pit that wait to drag for the thing to drag for the type in, still drag for the type outward, if the data is incomplete, then beat the seal and judge to but give withdrawal formula reducing fishing tool installation assorted movable jack catch and self-tightening slips, then from the top down the tool string be: the continuous oil pipe internally penetrated with the cable is connected with a connecting short section at the upper end of the retractable reducing fishing tool and is connected with the cable;

step two: fish detecting roof

Firstly, cleaning a well before a fishing tool is put in;

if the object to be fished is of an external fishing type, a sealing motor is started to rotate in the forward direction to retract an external fishing movable clamping jaw to the minimum state, then a tool is lowered to the upper end of the object to be fished by a coiled tubing, the top of a fish is detected, and the external fishing movable clamping jaw is a movable clamping jaw provided with an external fishing movable clamping jaw on the inner side of the clamping jaw;

if the object to be fished is of an inner fishing type, a sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand an inner fishing movable jaw to a larger state without exceeding a chuck, then a tool is lowered to the upper end of the object to be fished by a coiled tubing to probe the top of a fish, and the inner fishing movable jaw is a movable jaw provided with an inner fishing movable slip outside the jaw;

step three: flushing fish grabs

If the object to be fished is of an external fishing type, after the object to be fished is detected to the top of the fish, the fishing tool is lifted for a short distance, the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the external fishing movable jaw to the maximum state, then the top and the neck of the fish are washed for a period of time with large discharge, then the fishing tool is pressed and put in, the putting-in distance exceeds the short distance of the lifting fishing tool for the falling fish, and then the sealing motor rotates forwards to shrink the external fishing movable jaw to the utmost extent, so that the neck of the fish is grasped;

if the object to be fished is of an internal fishing type, after the object to be fished is detected to the top of the fish, the fishing tool is lifted for a short distance, then the top and the neck of the fish are washed for a period of time with large discharge, the sealing motor is started to rotate in the forward direction to retract the internal fishing movable jaw to the minimum state, then the fishing tool is pressed down, the descending distance exceeds the short distance of the lifted fishing tool, then the sealing motor is started to rotate in the reverse direction to expand the internal fishing movable jaw to the minimum, and the neck of the fish is grabbed;

step four: lifting and fishing

If the object to be fished is of an outward fishing type, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the hanging weight is changed or not, if the object to be fished is light and not blocked, and if the object to be fished cannot be fished or not, pulling out the coiled tubing to check, if the object to be fished is heavy or in a blocked state, judging that the object is caught by the hanging weight, lifting and fishing are performed, if the object to be fished is not lifted and is not blocked, judging that the object to be fished is in the blocked state, starting a sealing motor to rotate reversely to expand an outward fishing movable jaw under the condition that the coiled tubing is pressed downwards, then lifting and retreating a fish neck, then trying to quickly lift and lower a fishing tool to break the object in a jarring mode to unlock, and repeating; judging that the fish is not caught from the hanging weight, and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the fish is obtained;

if the object to be fished is of an inner-fished type, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the hanging weight is changed or not, if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished cannot be fished or not, pulling out the coiled tubing for checking, if the object to be fished is heavy or in a clamped state, judging that the object to be fished has been grasped from the hanging weight, lifting for fishing, if the object to be fished is not lifted and is not clamped, judging that the object to be fished is in the clamped state, starting the sealing motor to rotate forward to retract the inner-fished movable jaw to a minimum state, then lifting to retreat the fish neck, starting the sealing motor to rotate reversely to expand the inner-fished movable jaw to a maximum state, trying to lift and release the fishing tool to unlock the fish in a mode of smashing and shocking, and paying attention to prevent damage to the inner cavity opening of the fish top of the; and if the hanging weight is judged not to be caught, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the fishing is carried out.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground grappling tools, and particularly relates to a self-tightening claw and retractable reducing fishing tool and a method.

Background

In the exploration, development and maintenance process of oil and gas fields, particularly during well repairing operation, due to the fact that certain well time is long and multiple times of shaft operation are carried out successively, materials to be fished in a well are incomplete, the shape of falling objects is judged to be different by lead printing, the inner diameter and the outer diameter are different, the shape of the upper end face of the falling object fish head can only be judged by lead printing, the shape of the falling object body, the inner diameter and the outer diameter are difficult to estimate, and fishing is difficult to achieve through an existing fishing tool.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a self-tightening claw and a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method, and aims to solve the problems that in the exploration, development and maintenance processes of oil and gas fields, particularly during well workover, due to the fact that some wells are long in time and are subjected to repeated wellbore operation, materials to be fished in the wells are incomplete, the shapes of falling objects are judged to be different by lead printing, the shapes of non-standard cylinders or cylinders are different, the sizes of inner diameters and outer diameters are different, the shape of the upper end face of the head of a falling object fish can only be judged by lead printing, the shape of the body of the falling object, the inner diameters and the outer diameters are difficult to estimate, and fishing is difficult to realize by the conventional fishing tool.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a self-tightening jaw comprising:

a chuck having a plurality of jaws;

self-tightening slips;

a guide rail;

the elastic part has the elastic force larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip;

the guide rail is established on the jack catch of chuck, the guide rail is followed the length direction of jack catch sets up, the tight slips of autonomy passes through the guide rail with jack catch sliding connection, the slip direction of tight slips is followed arrive in the jack catch claw point, the working face of tight slips of autonomy is located the chuck outside or the chuck is inboard, and is a plurality of tight slips of autonomy follows in the jack catch to during the jack catch claw point removes jack catch end position, the tight slips of autonomy with the superimposed thickness of jack catch increases gradually.

The guide rail is for being located recess on the jack catch with be located the jam body of self-tightening slips bottom, the recess with jam body sliding connection, the cross-sectional profile of recess and the cross-sectional profile phase-match of the jam body, the width of recess bottom is than the width of notch groove portion is big.

The guide rail is for being located recess on the jack catch with be located the jam body of self-tightening slips bottom, the recess with jam body sliding connection, the cross-sectional profile of recess is "protruding" type, the cross-sectional profile of the jam body with the recess phase-match.

The self-tightening slips are self-tightening outer slip or self-tightening inner slip, and a plurality of small teeth are distributed on the working surface of the self-tightening outer slip or the self-tightening inner slip in an arrangement mode.

The self-tightening slip is a self-tightening outer fishing slip which is arranged on one surface of the clamping jaw on the inner side of the chuck, one surface of the clamping jaw on the outer side of the chuck is in a convex arc shape, and the working surface of the self-tightening outer fishing slip is in a concave arc shape; or

The self-tightening slip is a self-tightening inner-fishing slip, the self-tightening inner-fishing slip is arranged on the outer side of the chuck, one side of each clamping jaw is multiple, the clamping jaws are tightly attached to each other when the middle of the chuck is drawn close, the middle of each clamping jaw is surrounded by a central hole, and the working surface of the self-tightening inner-fishing slip is in a convex arc shape.

The jack catch tip has first spacing portion, the spacing portion of second has in the middle of the tight slips of autogram, first spacing portion with the spacing portion of second is used for preventing the tight slips roll-off of autogram the jack catch, the elasticity portion is established first spacing portion with between the spacing portion of second, the elasticity release direction of elasticity portion will keep away from the spacing portion of second of tight slips the first spacing portion of jack catch.

In the length direction of the self-tightening slip, the thickness of the self-tightening slip is gradually increased from one end to the other end, the thicker end is positioned at the inner side of the clamping jaw, and the thinner end is positioned at one side of the end part of the clamping jaw; and/or

The thickness of the jaw of the chuck is gradually increased from the inside of the jaw to the tip of the jaw.

A retractable, variable diameter fishing tool, comprising:

a housing;

sealing the motor;

any one of the self-tightening jaws described above;

the body of the sealing motor is positioned in the shell, the sealing motor is fixed with the shell, the body of the self-tightening clamping jaw is fixed at the end part of the shell, and the sealing motor is in transmission connection with the chuck of the self-tightening clamping jaw.

The cable short joint driving mechanism comprises a shell, a connecting short joint, a driving short joint and a rotating shaft sleeve, wherein the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell; the chuck is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the middle of the chuck, the chuck comprises a transmission disc, a clamping jaw and a chuck shell, a chuck spiral groove is formed in one surface of the transmission disc, a guide groove used for guiding the clamping jaw to move towards the center is formed in the chuck shell, the clamping jaw is arranged in the guide groove, and the transmission disc is meshed with the clamping jaw through the chuck spiral groove; the rotary shaft sleeve comprises a cone, a cylinder body and the transmission disc, the cone is integrally connected with the transmission disc through the cylinder body, the connection short joint is connected with the drive short joint, the drive short joint is in transmission connection with the rotary shaft sleeve, the rotary shaft sleeve is in rotation connection with the chuck shell, the transmission end of the sealing motor is in transmission connection with the cone through the planetary reducer, the central pipe is fixed on the chuck shell, the central pipe is fixed with the lower shell through the chuck shell, one end of the central pipe extends into the rotary shaft sleeve, and the central pipe is in rotation connection with the rotary shaft sleeve; the cable is electrically connected with the sealed motor through a short connection; the side wall of the cylinder body is provided with a hole, the through hole is communicated with the cylinder body through a central pipe, and the cylinder body is communicated with the connection short circuit through the hole and a gap between the sealing motor and the upper shell.

A retractable reducing fishing method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparation tool string

At first according to the data judge in the pit that wait to drag for the thing to drag for the type in, still drag for the type outward, if the data is incomplete, then beat the seal and judge to but give withdrawal formula reducing fishing tool installation assorted movable jack catch and self-tightening slips, then from the top down the tool string be: the continuous oil pipe internally penetrated with the cable is connected with a connecting short section at the upper end of the retractable reducing fishing tool and is connected with the cable;

step two: fish detecting roof

Firstly, cleaning a well before a fishing tool is put in;

if the object to be fished is of an external fishing type, a sealing motor is started to rotate in the forward direction to retract an external fishing movable clamping jaw to the minimum state, then a tool is lowered to the upper end of the object to be fished by a coiled tubing, the top of a fish is detected, and the external fishing movable clamping jaw is a movable clamping jaw provided with an external fishing movable clamping jaw on the inner side of the clamping jaw;

if the object to be fished is of an inner fishing type, a sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand an inner fishing movable jaw to a larger state without exceeding a chuck, then a tool is lowered to the upper end of the object to be fished by a coiled tubing to probe the top of a fish, and the inner fishing movable jaw is a movable jaw provided with an inner fishing movable slip outside the jaw;

step three: flushing fish grabs

If the object to be fished is of an external fishing type, after the object to be fished is detected to the top of the fish, the fishing tool is lifted for a short distance, the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the external fishing movable jaw to the maximum state, then the top and the neck of the fish are washed for a period of time with large discharge, then the fishing tool is pressed and put in, the putting-in distance exceeds the short distance of the lifting fishing tool for the falling fish, and then the sealing motor rotates forwards to shrink the external fishing movable jaw to the utmost extent, so that the neck of the fish is grasped;

if the object to be fished is of an internal fishing type, after the object to be fished is detected to the top of the fish, the fishing tool is lifted for a short distance, then the top and the neck of the fish are washed for a period of time with large discharge, the sealing motor is started to rotate in the forward direction to retract the internal fishing movable jaw to the minimum state, then the fishing tool is pressed down, the descending distance exceeds the short distance of the lifted fishing tool, then the sealing motor is started to rotate in the reverse direction to expand the internal fishing movable jaw to the minimum, and the neck of the fish is grabbed;

step four: lifting and fishing

If the object to be fished is of an outer fishing type, the object to be fished is lifted up, whether the hanging weight changes or not is checked, if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, whether the object is fished or not can not be judged from the hanging weight, the coiled tubing is pulled out for checking. If the object to be fished is heavy or in a blocked state, the object to be fished can be judged to be caught from the hanging weight, then the object is lifted and fished, if the object to be fished is not lifted and is judged to be in the blocked state, the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the outer fishing movable claw under the condition that the coiled tubing is pressed down, then the fish neck is lifted and retreated, then the object can be released in a mode of rapidly lifting and lowering a fishing tool to smash and jar, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated; judging that the fish is not caught from the hanging weight, and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the fish is obtained;

if the object to be fished is of an internal fishing type, the object to be fished is lifted up, whether the hanging weight changes or not is checked, if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, whether the object is fished or not can not be judged from the hanging weight, and the coiled tubing is pulled out for checking. If the object to be fished is heavy or in a blocked state, the object to be fished can be judged to be caught from the hanging weight, then the object is lifted and fished, if the object to be fished is not lifted and is judged to be in the blocked state, the sealing motor is started to rotate in the forward direction to shrink the inner fishing movable jaw to the minimum state under the condition that the coiled tubing is pressed down, then the fish neck is lifted and retreated, then the sealing motor is started to rotate in the reverse direction to expand the inner fishing movable jaw to the maximum state, the fishing tool is tried to be quickly lifted and lowered to break the object in a smashing and shocking mode to unlock the object, and the inner cavity opening of the fish top of the object to be fished is prevented from; and if the hanging weight is judged not to be caught, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the fishing is carried out.

The invention has the advantages that the internal fishing and the external fishing can be realized through the matched movable claws and slips, the shape requirement on the object to be fished is low, the repeated operation under the shaft can be realized, and the aims of improving the fishing success rate and reducing the operation cost are fulfilled. The self-tightening clamping jaws can grab and retreat fishing tools with variable diameters and can be operated repeatedly to solve the problems, the fishing success rate is high, and the application range is wide.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a retractable variable diameter fishing tool of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional structural view of an external fishing movable jaw;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner fishing movable jaw;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the retractable variable diameter fishing tool with an external fishing movable jaw;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the retractable variable diameter fishing tool with internal fishing movable jaws.

Labeled as: 1. a cable; 2. connecting a short circuit; 3. driving the short section; 4. sealing the motor; 5. a fixing plate; 6. a planetary reducer; 7. a cone; 8. an aperture; 9. rotating the shaft sleeve; 10. a housing; 11. a central tube; 12. fishing out the movable clamping jaws; 13. a bolt; 14. a drive plate; 15. a chuck; 16. self-tightening the outer slip; 17. a blocking body; 18. an elastic portion; 19. a screw; 20. internally fishing the movable clamping jaws; 21. self-tightening internal fishing slips.

Detailed Description

In the following, a self-tightening claw, a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method scheme provided by the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail through several specific embodiments.