阅读说明：本技术 一种磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂及其制备方法 (Ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof ) 是由 俞力 张琦 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于干粉灭火剂领域,涉及一种磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂及其制备方法。所述磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂由包括以下重量份的原料制成：磷酸二氢铵：70～75份；硫酸铵：15～20份；白炭黑：1～5份；硅油：1～3份；水：1～3份；填充物：1～20份；其中,50～60％的磷酸二氢铵粒度D90为10～15μm,剩余磷酸二氢铵粒度D90为80～100μm,硫酸铵的粒度D90为80～100μm。本发明的干粉灭火剂具有优异的灭火性能,且有利于灭火剂整体松密度的增大,能有效避免灭火器、消防系统灌装困难的情况。(The invention belongs to the field of dry powder extinguishing agents, and relates to an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70-75 parts of a solvent; ammonium sulfate: 15-20 parts of a solvent; white carbon black: 1-5 parts; silicone oil: 1-3 parts; water: 1-3 parts; filling materials: 1-20 parts; wherein the granularity D90 of 50-60% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15 μm, the granularity D90 of the rest ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 80-100 μm, and the granularity D90 of ammonium sulfate is 80-100 μm. The dry powder fire extinguishing agent has excellent fire extinguishing performance, is beneficial to increase of the overall bulk density of the fire extinguishing agent, and can effectively avoid the situation of difficult filling of fire extinguishers and fire-fighting systems.)

1. The ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70-75 parts of a solvent;

ammonium sulfate: 15-20 parts of a solvent;

white carbon black: 1-5 parts;

silicone oil: 1-3 parts;

water: 1-3 parts;

filling materials: 1-20 parts.

2. The ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the particle size D90 of 50-60% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15 μm, and the particle size D90 of the remaining ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 80-100 μm.

3. The ammonium phosphate salt dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size D90 of ammonium sulfate is 80-100 μm.

4. The ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium sulfate is (1-3): 1.

5. the ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the filler is one or more of mica powder, activated clay, talcum powder, quartz sand and fluorite powder.

6. A method for preparing the ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing part of silicone oil, part of white carbon black and part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing part of silicone oil, part of white carbon black, residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and all ammonium sulfate to obtain raw material crushed material 2;

(2) crushing the raw material crushed material 1 to a particle size D90 of 10-15 μm, and crushing the raw material crushed material 2 to a particle size D90 of 80-100 μm;

(3) uniformly mixing the raw material crushed material 1 and the raw material crushed material 2 crushed in the step (2), the residual white carbon black and the filler, and simultaneously adding the residual silicone oil and water in the mixing process;

(4) low-temperature silicification, dehumidifying and drying, and then sieving the dried product to obtain particles with the particle size less than 250 mu m.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the part of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the step (1) is 50 to 60% of the total ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

8. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of part of the silicone oil used in raw material pulverized material 1 to part of the silicone oil used in raw material pulverized material 2 to the remaining silicone oil is 1: (0.8-1): (1-2).

9. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the part of the white carbon black used in the raw material crushed material 1 to the part of the white carbon black used in the raw material crushed material 2 to the remaining white carbon black is 1: (0.8-1): (1.5-2.2).

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the low temperature silicidation is performed at 30 to 40 ℃ for 100 to 150 min; the dehumidifying and drying is drying at 100-120 ℃ for 120-160 min.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dry powder extinguishing agents, and relates to an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The dry powder extinguishing agent has a very important position in the field of the current extinguishing agents due to the specific properties of the dry powder extinguishing agent, and the current mainstream dry powder extinguishing agent is an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent which has greater applicability and can extinguish most fires except combustible metals. In the actual use process, the dry powder extinguishing agent is difficult to be directly used like water due to the unique physical properties of the dry powder extinguishing agent, and is matched with a portable fire extinguisher and a fire fighting system to extinguish a fire source. The dry powder extinguishing agent can be used for matching with a fire extinguisher and a fire-fighting system, and is difficult to produce completely according to theoretical optimal fire-fighting effect parameters. If researches show that the ammonium phosphate salt particles with the diameter less than 30 microns can completely participate in fire extinguishing and have the best fire extinguishing effect. However, in practical application, the ammonium phosphate particles are too fine, the kinetic energy is too small, and the spraying distance is insufficient. Because the granularity of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is too fine, the bulk density of the dry powder extinguishing agent is too small, and the quantity of the extinguishing agent in a unit fire extinguisher is insufficient. Because the granularity of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is too fine, the fire extinguisher and the fire extinguishing system are difficult to fill. Various factors cause the fire extinguishing effect of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent to be reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the dry powder extinguishing agent in the prior art, the invention provides the ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent which can be better matched with a portable fire extinguisher and a fire-fighting system on the premise of ensuring the fire extinguishing performance of the product.

The invention provides an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent on one hand, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 70-75 parts of a solvent;

ammonium sulfate: 15-20 parts of a solvent;

white carbon black: 1-5 parts;

silicone oil: 1-3 parts;

water: 1-3 parts;

filling materials: 1-20 parts.

Preferably, the particle size D90 of 50-60% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15 μm, and the particle size D90 of the remaining ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 80-100 μm. Preferably, the particle size D90 of ammonium sulfate is 80 to 100 μm.

The definition of D90 is: the cumulative particle size distribution of a sample reaches 90% of the corresponding particle size.

The granularity D90 of 50-60% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15 mu m, the granularity D90 of the residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 80-100 mu m, and the granularity D90 of ammonium sulfate is 80-100 mu m, so that the overall granularity structure of the fire extinguishing agent is more reasonable due to the granularity setting. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with small particle size is vaporized and decomposed in flame, so that the fire extinguishing effect is achieved, and the fire extinguishing performance of the product is ensured; the large-particle ammonium sulfate is used as an auxiliary fire extinguishing component, and the fire extinguishing efficiency can be obviously improved. When in spraying, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the ammonium sulfate of the large particles drive the small particles, thereby solving the problems that the ammonium phosphate particles are too fine, the kinetic energy is too small and the spraying distance is not enough; and the granularity is set to be beneficial to the increase of the overall bulk density of the fire extinguishing agent, so that the situation of difficult filling of fire extinguishers and fire fighting systems can be effectively avoided.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium sulfate is (1-3): 1.

preferably, the filler is one or more of mica powder, activated clay, talcum powder, quartz sand and fluorite powder.

Preferably, the fillers are mica powder, activated clay and talc powder. The mica powder has a monoclinic crystalline scale structure, so that dry powder particles can be layered; the talcum powder has surface smoothness and looseness, and can effectively prevent the fire extinguishing agent from caking; the activated clay has strong adsorption performance, can effectively remove toxic gas generated in a fire scene, and forms a superposed water repellent field when the activated clay and the silicone oil are used in a matched manner, so that the water repellent and moisture resistance of the dry powder are cooperatively maintained, the water content of the fire extinguishing agent is stable, and the fire extinguishing agent has higher moisture-proof and anti-caking performance.

The weight part of the mica powder in the ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent is preferably 1-5 parts, the weight part of the activated clay in the ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent is preferably 1-5 parts, and the weight part of the talcum powder in the ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent is preferably 1-5 parts. The mica powder, activated clay and talc are not particularly limited in kind and may be commercially available products known to those skilled in the art.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing part of silicone oil, part of white carbon black and part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing part of silicone oil, part of white carbon black, residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and all ammonium sulfate to obtain raw material crushed material 2;

(2) crushing the raw material crushed material 1 to a particle size D90 of 10-15 mu m, and crushing the raw material crushed material 2 to a particle size D90 of 80-100 mu m;

(3) uniformly mixing the raw material crushed material 1 and the raw material crushed material 2 crushed in the step (2), the residual white carbon black and the filler, and simultaneously adding the residual silicone oil and water in the mixing process;

(4) low-temperature silicification, dehumidifying and drying, and then sieving the dried product to obtain particles with the particle size less than 250 mu m.

The white carbon black, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate are crushed, so that the particle size of the white carbon black can be further reasonably distributed, and the bulk density of the dry powder extinguishing agent is improved.

Preferably, in the step (1), part of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 50 to 60% of the total ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The proportion of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with small particle size and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with large particle size is strictly controlled to realize better fire extinguishing performance.

Preferably, the mass ratio of part of the silicone oil used in the raw material pulverized material 1 to part of the silicone oil used in the raw material pulverized material 2 to the remaining silicone oil is 1: (0.8-1): (1-2).

Preferably, the mass ratio of the partial silica used in the raw material pulverized material 1 to the partial silica used in the raw material pulverized material 2 to the remaining silica is 1: (0.8-1): (1.5-2.2).

Preferably, the low-temperature silicification is carried out at 30-40 ℃ for 100-150 min.

Preferably, the dehumidifying and drying is drying at 100-120 ℃ for 120-160 min.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, the granularity D90 of 50-60% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is controlled to be 10-15 μm, the granularity D90 of the residual ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is controlled to be 80-100 μm, and the granularity D90 of ammonium sulfate is controlled to be 80-100 μm, so that the overall granularity structure of the fire extinguishing agent is more reasonable due to the granularity arrangement;

2. the granularity of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate can be set to improve the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with small particle size is vaporized and decomposed in flame, so that the fire extinguishing effect is achieved, and the fire extinguishing performance of the product is ensured; ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate of large particles drive small particles, so that the problems of too fine ammonium phosphate particles, too small kinetic energy and insufficient spraying distance are solved;

3. the granularity setting of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the ammonium sulfate is beneficial to the increase of the overall bulk density of the fire extinguishing agent, and the situation that the fire extinguisher and a fire fighting system are difficult to fill can be effectively avoided;

4. the particle size D90 of ammonium sulfate is controlled to be 80-100 mu m, large ammonium sulfate particles are used as auxiliary fire extinguishing components, and the fire extinguishing efficiency can be remarkably improved in the formula of the invention relative to small ammonium sulfate particles;

5. in the preparation process of the fire extinguishing agent, the white carbon black, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the ammonium sulfate are crushed together, so that the particle size of the white carbon black can be further reasonably distributed, and the bulk density of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described and illustrated below by specific examples, it should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to be specific limitations of the present invention. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

750kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 150kg of ammonium sulfate, 30kg of mica powder, 30kg of activated clay, 20kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 15kg of silicone oil, 20kg of water and 20kg of talcum powder are weighed.

(1) 5kg of silicone oil, 5kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 380kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly mixed to form a main raw material crushed material 1; 5kg of silicone oil, 5kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 370kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150kg of ammonium sulfate are uniformly mixed to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

(2) crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 1 by using an ultra-micro crusher to ensure that the granularity of the crushed material is 10-15 microns according to D90; crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 2 by using a high-pressure overhang roll pulverizer to meet the requirement that the granularity D90 is between 80 and 100 micrometers;

(3) and putting the crushed main raw material crushed material 1 and the crushed main raw material crushed material 2, 30kg of mica powder, 30kg of activated clay, 10kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 20kg of talcum powder which are purchased from the market into a mixing stirrer for mixing for 15min, and slowly adding 5kg of silicone oil and 20kg of water while mixing the raw materials.

(4) After the step (3) is finished, silicification is carried out at 40 ℃; silicification time is 110 min; then dehumidifying and drying at 120 ℃ for 140min, sieving the dried product by a vibrating screen machine to remove large particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 250 micrometers, and obtaining particles with the particle size of less than 250 micrometers.

Example 2

Weighing 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 200kg of ammonium sulfate, 40kg of mica powder, 20kg of activated clay, 25kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 20kg of silicone oil, 25kg of water and 15kg of talcum powder.

(1) Uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 390kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 310kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 200kg of ammonium sulfate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

(2) crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 1 by using an ultra-micro crusher to ensure that the granularity of the crushed material is 10-15 microns according to D90; crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 2 by using a high-pressure overhang roll pulverizer to meet the requirement that the granularity D90 is between 80 and 100 micrometers;

(3) the crushed main raw material crushed material 1 and the crushed main raw material crushed material 2, 40kg of mica powder, 20kg of activated clay, 11kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 15kg of talcum powder which are purchased from the market are put into a mixing stirrer together for mixing for 13min, and 8kg of silicone oil and 25kg of water are slowly added while the raw materials are mixed.

(4) After the step (3) is finished, silicification is carried out at 35 ℃; silicification time is 120 min; then dehumidifying and drying at 110 ℃ for 155min, screening the dried product by a vibrating screen machine to remove large particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 250 micrometers, and obtaining particles with the particle size of less than 250 micrometers.

Example 3

Weighing 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 150kg of ammonium sulfate, 30kg of mica powder, 40kg of activated clay, 30kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 25kg of silicone oil, 30kg of water and 50kg of talcum powder.

(1) Uniformly mixing 7kg of silicone oil, 8kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 420kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing 7kg of silicone oil, 8kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 280kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 150kg of ammonium sulfate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

(2) crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 1 by using an ultra-micro crusher to ensure that the granularity of the crushed material is 10-15 microns according to D90; crushing the pre-silicified main raw material crushed material 2 by using a high-pressure overhang roll pulverizer to meet the requirement that the granularity D90 is between 80 and 100 micrometers;

(3) the crushed main raw material crushed material 1 and the crushed main raw material crushed material 2, 30kg of mica powder, 40kg of activated clay, 14kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 50kg of talcum powder which are purchased from the market are put into a mixing stirrer together for mixing for 17min, and 11kg of silicone oil and 30kg of water are slowly added while the raw materials are mixed.

(4) After the step (3) is finished, silicification is carried out at 40 ℃; silicification time is 130 min; then dehumidifying and drying at 120 ℃ for 160min, screening the dried product by a vibrating screen machine to remove large particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 250 micrometers, and obtaining particles with the particle size of less than 250 micrometers.

Example 4

Example 4 differs from example 2 in that the hydrophobic silica of example 4 was not crushed and was added in its entirety in step (3).

Example 5

Weighing 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 200kg of ammonium sulfate, 40kg of mica powder, 20kg of activated clay, 25kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 20kg of silicone oil, 25kg of water and 15kg of talcum powder.

(1) Uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 280kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 420kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 200kg of ammonium sulfate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

the subsequent steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 1

Weighing 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 200kg of ammonium sulfate, 40kg of mica powder, 20kg of activated clay, 25kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 20kg of silicone oil, 25kg of water and 15kg of talcum powder.

(1) Uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 200kg of ammonium sulfate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

the subsequent steps were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 2

Weighing 700kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 200kg of ammonium sulfate, 40kg of mica powder, 20kg of activated clay, 25kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 20kg of silicone oil, 25kg of water and 15kg of talcum powder.

(1) Uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black, 390kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 200kg of ammonium sulfate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 1; uniformly mixing 6kg of silicone oil, 7kg of hydrophobic white carbon black and 310kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a main raw material crushed material 2;

the subsequent steps were the same as in example 2.

The ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agents prepared in the above examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested for moisture absorption rate, bulk density, fluidity, spray performance, fire extinguishing performance, etc., and the test results are shown in table 1, and the fire extinguishing performance was tested according to the test method of the national standard GB 4066.

TABLE 1 Performance of Dry powder extinguisher according to examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2

Remarking: a class B fire refers to a liquid or meltable solid matter fire. Such as kerosene, diesel oil, crude oil, methanol, ethanol, asphalt, paraffin and the like.

As can be seen from Table 1, the dry powder extinguishing agents prepared in examples 1 to 3 have good fluidity, large spraying distance, small residual amount after spraying, and high bulk density, and are more convenient for filling and use by customers. The hydrophobic carbon black of example 4 was not pulverized together, and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate of example 5 had a large particle size content, resulting in a dry powder extinguishing agent having a performance weaker than that of example 2. When the particle size D90 of all the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 10-15 μm (comparative example 1), the effective carrier is lacked, the spraying performance of the dry powder extinguishing agent is greatly reduced, and the residual quantity of the extinguishing agent after spraying is increased. The large-particle ammonium sulfate is used as an auxiliary fire extinguishing component, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be obviously improved, the ammonium sulfate in the comparative example 2 is small in particle size, and the fire extinguishing performance of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent in the comparative example 2 is reduced.

In conclusion, the ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent provided by the invention has excellent fire extinguishing performance and wider market prospect.

Finally, it should be noted that the specific examples described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and do not limit the embodiments of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the embodiments described herein will occur to those skilled in the art, and all such embodiments are neither required nor possible. While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.