阅读说明：本技术 电栅拦鱼的测试分析系统和测试分析方法 (Test analysis system and test analysis method for electric fence fish blocking ) 是由 黄伟 赵亦欣 范玥 袁海波 黄健桓 张佩衡 吴延妍 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种电栅拦鱼的测试分析系统,包括：控制器,用于测试目标水域预设水体单元的等效电阻并根据所述等效电阻输出目标水域的拦鱼参数；充放电模块,包括充电回路和放电回路,用于接收所述控制器发出的信号,并根据所述信号充电或放电；采样电路,用于采集所述等效电阻两端的电压,并将所述电压信号发送给所述控制器；电容容量校准模块,用于测量所述充放电模块的电容的容量,并将所述容量值发送至所述控制器；电源,用于给所述控制器、充放电模块、采样电路和电容容量校准模块提供工作用电。所述测试分析系统自动测试目标水域水体单元的等效电阻,并根据电极间距,分析输出电栅拦鱼的节点机数量和放电频率。(The invention provides a test analysis system for electric fence fish, comprising: the controller is used for testing the equivalent resistance of a preset water body unit of a target water area and outputting fish blocking parameters of the target water area according to the equivalent resistance; the charging and discharging module comprises a charging loop and a discharging loop and is used for receiving the signal sent by the controller and charging or discharging according to the signal; the sampling circuit is used for collecting voltages at two ends of the equivalent resistor and sending the voltage signals to the controller; the capacitance capacity calibration module is used for measuring the capacity of the capacitor of the charge-discharge module and sending the capacity value to the controller; and the power supply is used for supplying working power to the controller, the charge-discharge module, the sampling circuit and the capacitance capacity calibration module. The test analysis system automatically tests the equivalent resistance of the water body unit of the target water area and analyzes and outputs the node machine number and the discharge frequency of the electric grid fish blocking according to the electrode spacing.)

1. The utility model provides a test analytic system of electric fence fish, its characterized in that:

the method comprises the following steps:

the controller is used for testing the equivalent resistance of a preset water body unit of a target water area and outputting fish blocking parameters of the target water area according to the equivalent resistance;

the charging and discharging module comprises a charging loop and a discharging loop and is used for receiving the signal sent by the controller and charging or discharging according to the signal;

the sampling circuit is used for collecting voltages at two ends of the equivalent resistor and sending the voltage signals to the controller;

the capacitance capacity calibration module is used for measuring the capacity of the capacitor of the charge-discharge module and sending the capacity value to the controller;

and the power supply is used for supplying working power to the controller, the charge-discharge module, the sampling circuit and the capacitance capacity calibration module.

2. The system for testing and analyzing the electric-fence fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fish blocking parameters at least comprise the number of the node machines and the discharge frequency.

3. The system for testing and analyzing the electric-fence fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a fault self-diagnosis module, wherein the fault self-diagnosis module comprises a capacitor self-diagnosis circuit and a low-power self-diagnosis circuit;

the capacitor self-diagnosis circuit is used for sending a fault signal to the controller when a preset capacitor of the charging and discharging coal mine has a fault;

the low-power self-diagnosis circuit is used for transmitting a signal that the power supply power is too low to the controller after the voltage of the power supply is lower than a preset voltage.

4. The system for testing and analyzing the electric-fence fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a display module, wherein the display module is connected with the output end of the controller and is used for receiving and displaying the information output by the controller.

5. A test analysis method of a test analysis system for electric grilled fish according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: determining a preset water body unit of a target water area, and connecting the water body unit with a charging and discharging module to form a first-order RC charging and discharging loop;

s2: the controller starts a capacitance capacity calibration module to obtain a calibration capacitance C of the preset capacitance_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}；

S3: testing the equivalent resistance R of the preset water body unit of the target water area_b；

S4: determining the electrode spacing of the electric fence fish;

s5: analyzing and obtaining the number of node machines of the electric-fence fish blocking system;

s6: and analyzing to obtain the discharge frequency of the electric-fence fish-blocking system.

6. The test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric-fence fish-barrage according to claim 5, characterized in that: the step S2 specifically includes:

replacing the equivalent resistance of the target water body unit in the first-order RC discharge circuit with the precise resistance with the determined resistance;

performing charging and discharging operation to obtain the discharge time constant of the preset capacitor to the precision resistor

τ₂According to the formula

7. The test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric-fence fish-barrage according to claim 5, characterized in that: the step S3 includes:

a. presetting M groups of discharge time, utilizing the charge-discharge module to incompletely discharge the water body unit of the target water body, and respectively obtaining M groups of discharge time corresponding toVoltage data U at two ends of equivalent resistor of water body unit of target water body₀(t)；

b. Fitting voltage data U by least square method₀(t) determining the discharge time constant tau of the predetermined capacitance₁；

c. According to the formula

8. The test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric-fence barrage as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the incomplete discharge is specifically that in the discharge process, when the voltage at two ends of the equivalent resistor is lower than a preset voltage, the discharge is finished.

9. The test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric fence trash fish of claim 5, wherein:

the number K of the node machines is determined by adopting the following method:

wherein K represents the number of node machines, W represents the electrode spacing, R_bEquivalent resistance of water body unit representing target water body, D_maxThe maximum value of the target water body depth is represented, L represents the target water body width, and N represents an intermediate variable.

10. The test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric-fence fish-barrage according to claim 5, characterized in that:

the discharge frequency is determined by f:

wherein W represents the electrode spacing, R_bRepresenting the equivalent resistance of the water body unit of the target water body, L representing the width of the target water body, K representing the number of node machines, and D_maxRepresents the maximum value of the target water depth, tau represents the charging and discharging time constant, C represents the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the electric grid, t represents the discharging time, U_CUTRepresents the discharge cut-off voltage, r represents the fish blocking distance, and f represents the discharge frequency of the electric fence fish blocking system.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of electric fence fish blocking/catching, in particular to a test analysis system and a test analysis method for electric fence fish blocking.

Background

The pursuit of economic benefits is the main in freshwater fishery culture in China for a long time, and the ecological environment of a water body is seriously damaged for the excessive development of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, particularly the fish culture in net cages. Solves the important problems that the water quality safety and the sustainable development of fishery breeding are related to fishery development, fisherman income increase, food safety and ecological maintenance. The electric fish blocking system is a key facility and the most effective cut-in means for protecting water quality safety, restoring water ecological environment and sustainable development of modern fishery breeding, meets the requirements of ecological fishery breeding, accords with national environmental protection national policy, and can improve the safety and quality of fishery products in China. The discharging electric grid of the electric fish blocking system releases electric pulses through water to drive fishes, and the water resistance in engineering is comprehensively influenced by factors such as a geomagnetic field, ion concentration, inductance capacitance effect and the like and is considered as an equivalent resistance. The equivalent resistance of the water body between the grids directly influences the pulse current and the discharge time, and further greatly influences the fish blocking effect. At present, engineering personnel usually estimate the number of node machines and adjust the electric grid spacing and the discharge frequency according to experience, but large deviation is generated due to different electric conduction capacities of different water bodies.

Therefore, it is urgently needed to measure the water equivalent resistance in the electric pulse discharging process in real time, and according to the electromagnetic principle and the electrical stimulation reaction characteristics of the fish, a mechanism model of the electric fish blocking working process is originally and innovatively established by combining a water equivalent resistance calculation model, so that intelligent recommendation is performed, and the electric-grid fish blocking test analysis system and the test analysis method for analyzing and calculating the electric grid distance, the node machine number and the discharging frequency are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a system and a method for testing and analyzing an electric-fence fish.

The invention provides a test analysis system for electric fence fish, which is characterized in that:

the method comprises the following steps:

the controller is used for testing the equivalent resistance of a preset water body unit of a target water area and outputting fish blocking parameters of the target water area according to the equivalent resistance;

the charging and discharging module comprises a charging loop and a discharging loop and is used for receiving the signal sent by the controller and charging or discharging according to the signal;

the sampling circuit is used for collecting voltages at two ends of the equivalent resistor and sending the voltage signals to the controller;

the capacitance capacity calibration module is used for measuring the capacity of the capacitor of the charge-discharge module and sending the capacity value to the controller;

and the power supply is used for supplying working power to the controller, the charge-discharge module, the sampling circuit and the capacitance capacity calibration module.

Further, the fish blocking parameters at least comprise the number of node machines and the discharge frequency.

Further, the system also comprises a fault self-diagnosis module, wherein the fault self-diagnosis module comprises a capacitor self-diagnosis circuit and a low-power self-diagnosis circuit;

the capacitor self-diagnosis circuit is used for sending a fault signal to the controller when a preset capacitor of the charging and discharging coal mine has a fault;

the low-power self-diagnosis circuit is used for transmitting a signal that the power supply power is too low to the controller after the voltage of the power supply is lower than a preset voltage.

Furthermore, the body system also comprises a display module, wherein the display module is connected with the output end of the controller and is used for receiving and displaying the information output by the controller.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides a test analysis method of the test analysis system for the electric-fence fish, which is used for the test analysis system for the electric-fence fish of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: determining a preset water body unit of a target water area, and connecting the water body unit with a charging and discharging module to form a first-order RC charging and discharging loop;

s2: the controller starts a capacitance capacity calibration module to obtain a calibration capacitance C of the preset capacitance_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}；

S3: testing the equivalent resistance R of the preset water body unit of the target water area_b；

S4: determining the electrode spacing of the electric fence fish;

s5: analyzing and obtaining the number of node machines of the electric-fence fish blocking system;

s6: and analyzing to obtain the discharge frequency of the electric-fence fish-blocking system.

Further, the step S2 specifically includes:

replacing the equivalent resistance of the target water body unit in the first-order RC discharge circuit with the precise resistance with the determined resistance;

performing charging and discharging operation to obtain the discharge time constant of the preset capacitor to the precision resistor

τ₂According to the formula

Obtaining the capacitance value of a preset capacitor, wherein C_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}For calibrating the capacitance of the preset capacitor, τ₂For presetting the discharge time constant, R, of the capacitor to the precision resistor_{Extract of Chinese medicinal materials}Is a precise resistance value of the resistor.

Further, the step S3 includes:

a. presetting M groups of discharge time, utilizing the charge-discharge module to incompletely discharge the water body unit of the target water body, and respectively obtaining voltage data U at two ends of the equivalent resistor of the water body unit of the target water body corresponding to the M groups of discharge time₀(t)；

b. Fitting voltage data U by least square method₀(t) determining the discharge time constant tau of the predetermined capacitance₁；

c. According to the formula

Determining an equivalent resistance R of a water body unit of the target water body_bWherein R is_bEquivalent resistance of water body unit representing target water body, C_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}Calibration capacitance value, tau, representing a predetermined capacitance₁Representing the time constant of the first order RC charge-discharge loop.

Further, the incomplete discharge is specifically that in the discharge process, when the voltage at two ends of the equivalent resistor is lower than a preset voltage, the discharge is ended.

Further, the number K of node machines is determined by the following method:

wherein K represents the number of node machines, W represents the electrode spacing, R_bEquivalent resistance of water body unit representing target water body, D_maxThe maximum value of the target water body depth is represented, L represents the target water body width, and N represents an intermediate variable.

Further, the discharge frequency is determined by f:

wherein W represents the electrode spacing, R_bRepresenting the equivalent resistance of the water body unit of the target water body, L representing the width of the target water body, K representing the number of node machines, and D_maxRepresents the maximum value of the target water depth, tau represents the charging and discharging time constant, C represents the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the electric grid, t represents the discharging time, U_CUTRepresents the discharge cut-off voltage, r represents the fish blocking distance, and f represents the discharge frequency of the electric fence fish blocking system.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the technical scheme recorded by the invention, the water body equivalent resistance in the electric pulse discharging process is measured in real time, a mechanism model of the electric fish blocking working process is originally and innovatively established according to the electromagnetism principle and the electric stimulation response characteristics of the fish in combination with a water body equivalent resistance calculation model, so that intelligent recommendation is carried out, and the electric fence distance, the node machine number and the discharging frequency are analyzed and calculated, so that the intellectualization of electric fence fish blocking is realized.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:

fig. 1 is a block diagram of a test and analysis system for electric grilled fish according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first-order RC charge-discharge circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a test analysis method of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a graph of voltage transient response for full discharge and incomplete discharge of the charging process of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a current transient response graph of a full discharge and an incomplete discharge of the discharge process of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a field strength calculation diagram of a pair of electrodes according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of the neighboring electrodes on the field strength at point A according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

the invention provides a test analysis system for electric fence fish, which is characterized in that:

the method comprises the following steps:

the controller is used for testing the equivalent resistance of a preset water body unit of a target water area and outputting fish blocking parameters of the target water area according to the equivalent resistance; the controller adopts an existing programmable control chip, and in the embodiment, the controller adopts an STM32F407VGT6 chip;

the charging and discharging module comprises a charging loop and a discharging loop and is used for receiving the signal sent by the controller and charging or discharging according to the signal; and taking the power supply voltage as an input signal, and taking the voltage at two ends of the equivalent resistance of the water body of the target water area as an output signal to form a charge-discharge loop shown in figure 2. Wherein, U_inFor supplying the battery with voltage, R_inFor the current-limiting resistor of the charging circuit, S is the charge-discharge circuit switch, C is the capacitor, R_{Water (W)}Is the equivalent resistance of the water body to be measured. The switch S in the test analyzer consists of 2 switch tubes and is controlled by the controller,respectively connected into a charging loop and a discharging loop. The charge-discharge loop utilizes the charge-discharge principle of a first-order RC circuit, firstly charges the capacitor through the battery, and then discharges to the equivalent resistance of the water body through the capacitor.

The sampling circuit is used for collecting voltages at two ends of the equivalent resistor and sending the voltage signals to the controller; and the sampling circuit module reads voltages at two ends of the equivalent resistance of the water body at fixed time and transmits the voltages to the controller for data fitting.

The capacitance capacity calibration module is used for measuring the capacity of the capacitor of the charge-discharge module and sending the capacity value to the controller; the capacitance in the charge and discharge circuit changes with the increase of the service time or the change of the temperature during the service process. Therefore, the self-calibration module is designed, and the capacitance capacity is calibrated before the equivalent resistance of the water body is measured, so that the accuracy of a calculation result is ensured. The system also includes a memory communicatively coupled to the controller.

And the power supply is used for supplying working power to the controller, the charge-discharge module, the sampling circuit and the capacitance capacity calibration module. Because the test analyzer is a portable device, an independent power supply is needed, and the power supply adopts the existing storage battery, for example, 6 lithium batteries with the nominal voltage of 3.7V are connected in series to supply power to the test analyzer. The full-electricity voltage of each lithium battery is 4.2V, and the discharge cut-off voltage is 3.33V. Therefore, the lithium battery pack in the test analyzer can provide 25.2V at most, and the test analyzer does not work when the battery pack discharges to 20.4V in consideration of the service life of the battery. For the convenience of calculation and analysis, the output voltage of the battery pack in the test analyzer is defaulted to 24V.

The fish blocking parameters at least comprise the number of the node machines and the discharge frequency. Considering the cost of the electric fish blocking system, the cost is divided into one-time cost and long-term cost, the one-time cost can be saved mainly by reducing the number of the node machines, and the long-term cost can be reduced by reducing the discharge frequency. If the minimum number of node machines and the minimum discharge frequency can be determined on the basis of realizing the fish blocking effect, the cost is saved to the maximum extent on the basis of meeting the fish blocking performance. Three parameters of the electrode spacing W, the number k of node machines and the discharge frequency f are recommended to a user, so that the user can not use experience parameters to deploy the node machines and the motors, and the time and the cost are greatly saved. The electrode spacing is determined in this embodiment between 1 and 2 meters for the user himself. I.e. the electrode spacing is an off-line modification parameter.

The system also comprises a fault self-diagnosis module, wherein the fault self-diagnosis module comprises a capacitor self-diagnosis circuit and a low-power self-diagnosis circuit;

the capacitor self-diagnosis circuit is used for sending a fault signal to the controller when a preset capacitor of the charging and discharging coal mine has a fault;

the low-power self-diagnosis circuit is used for transmitting a signal that the power supply power is too low to the controller after the voltage of the power supply is lower than a preset voltage.

The fault self-diagnosis module is mainly used for meeting the requirement of the equipment usability of the test analyzer, facilitating the user to quickly locate the fault type of the test analyzer and improving the safety of equipment use to a certain extent. The fault self-diagnosis module comprises a capacitance self-diagnosis circuit and a low-power self-diagnosis circuit. The low-power self-diagnosis circuit judges the electric quantity of the battery by regularly reading the output voltage of the battery pack, and when the voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the controller controls the power supply to stop supplying power to the outside, namely, the test analysis system does not work any more. The capacitor self-diagnosis circuit can enable a user to quickly know the state of the capacitor under the condition that the capacitor breaks down, and after the capacitor breaks down, the controller controls the charge and discharge module to stop working to prevent short circuit.

The capacitor self-diagnosis circuit can enable a user to quickly know the state of the capacitor under the condition that the capacitor fails. After the fault occurs, the MCU does not carry out charging and discharging to prevent short circuit,

the body system further comprises a display module, wherein the display module is connected with the output end of the controller and used for receiving and displaying the information output by the controller. The method is used for realizing information interaction with the test analysis system, so that a user can clearly know the number of the node machines and the discharge frequency from a display screen.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for testing and analyzing the electric-fence fish-barrage testing and analyzing system, which is used in the electric-fence fish-barrage testing and analyzing system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: determining a preset water body unit of a target water area, and connecting the water body unit with a charging and discharging module to form a first-order RC charging and discharging loop; in this embodiment, the target water area is preset with a small water volume unit of 2cm × 2 cm;

s2: the controller starts a capacitance capacity calibration module to obtain a calibration capacitance C of the preset capacitance_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}；

S3: measuring the equivalent resistance R of the preset water body unit of the target water area_b；

S4: determining the electrode spacing of the electric fence fish; the electrode spacing is between 1 meter and 2 meters, and a person skilled in the art can determine the electrode spacing according to actual needs, wherein the electrode spacing is between 1 meter and 2 meters, such as 1.1 meter, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters;

s5: analyzing and obtaining the number of node machines of the electric-fence fish blocking system;

s6: and analyzing to obtain the discharge frequency of the electric-fence fish-blocking system.

By the method, the water body equivalent resistance in the electric pulse discharging process is measured in real time, a mechanism model of the electric fish blocking working process is originally and innovatively established according to the electromagnetism principle and the electric stimulation response characteristics of the fish and in combination with a water body equivalent resistance calculation model, so that intelligent recommendation is carried out, the electric grid distance, the node machine number and the discharging frequency are analyzed and calculated, and the intellectualization of the electric grid fish blocking is realized.

The step S2 specifically includes:

replacing the equivalent resistance of the target water body unit in the first-order RC discharge circuit with the precise resistance with the determined resistance;

performing charging and discharging operation to obtain the discharge time constant of the preset capacitor to the precision resistor

τ₂According to the formula

Obtaining the capacitance value of a preset capacitor, wherein C_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}For calibrating the capacitance of the preset capacitor, τ₂For presetting the discharge time constant, R, of the capacitor to the precision resistor_{Extract of Chinese medicinal materials}Is a precise resistance value of the resistor.

The capacitance in the charge and discharge circuit changes with the increase of the service time or the change of the temperature during the service process. Therefore, the self-calibration module is designed, and the capacitance capacity is calibrated before the equivalent resistance of the water body is measured, so that the accuracy of a calculation result is ensured.

The step S3 includes:

a. presetting M groups of discharge time, utilizing the charge-discharge module to incompletely discharge the water body unit of the target water body, and respectively obtaining voltage data U at two ends of the equivalent resistor of the water body unit of the target water body corresponding to the M groups of discharge time₀(t)；

b. Fitting voltage data U by least square method₀(t) determining the discharge time constant tau of the predetermined capacitance₁；

c. According to the formula

Determining an equivalent resistance R of a water body unit of the target water body_bWherein R is_bEquivalent resistance of water body unit representing target water body, C_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}Calibration capacitance value, tau, representing a predetermined capacitance₁Representing the time constant of the first order RC charge-discharge loop.

Before the equivalent resistance of the water body unit of the target water area is measured, the capacitance is automatically calibrated, and R is measured_{Water (W)}The capacitance is calibrated by switching to a 1k precision resistor R (not shown), charging and discharging, sampling, and calculating τ ═ C · R to calibrate C, thereby obtaining a capacitance calibration C_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}. In the measuring process, the S is connected into a charging loop, the battery charges the capacitor through the charging loop, and the voltage when the capacitor is full is U_c(0). When S is connected to a discharge loop, the capacitor discharges to the equivalent resistance of the water body, and capacitance voltage change data U is collected_c(t) when the discharge time reaches a predetermined value,stopping discharging, then U_c(t) and U_O(t) satisfies the zero input response equation^[3]：

U_C(t)＝U_C(0)·e^-t/τ

Determination of the discharge time tau₂Obtaining the calibration capacitance C of the capacitor of the charge-discharge circuit_{Fruit of Chinese wolfberry}。

The incomplete discharge is specifically that in the discharge process, when the voltage at two ends of the equivalent resistor is lower than a preset voltage, the discharge is finished. After the discharge is finished, a certain voltage U still exists at the two ends of the capacitor_cutAnd thus the dynamic model of the charging and discharging process is changed.

Assuming that the discharge is ended when the discharge time t is τ, there is a residual voltage in the capacitor:

U_cut＝0.368·U_C(0) wherein, U_c(0) Indicating the voltage at which the capacitor is full, U_cutThe voltage at two ends of the capacitor after the discharge is finished is shown;

for the charging loop, the capacitor voltage U when the circuit reaches steady state_CFStill equal to the battery voltage, the initial voltage value U of the capacitor charge_CIIs equal to U_cutThen the response equation of the charging process is:

U_c(t)＝U_CF+(U_cut-U_CF)e^-t/τ

＝U_in-0.632U_ine^-t/τ

＝U_in(1-0.632e^-t/τ)

the voltage transient response curves of the charging process in both the full discharge and the incomplete discharge modes are shown in figure 4,

by usingIndicating charging current in incomplete discharge mode, I_C(t) represents a full-discharge charging current, including:

the current transient response curves of the charging process in both the full discharge and the incomplete discharge are shown in fig. 5.

The benefits of incomplete discharge include:

(1) energy is saved. The charging current flows through the resistor R_inThe power consumption is generated, the charging current is less than that in the incomplete discharge mode, and the resistor power consumption in the incomplete discharge mode is set as

The battery supplies power to

The total discharge mode resistance power consumption is P_RWhen the battery power is P and the discharge is finished when t ═ τ, we can:

P^*＝0.632P

therefore, the incomplete discharge mode can greatly reduce the energy consumption of equipment.

(2) Low voltage discharge is avoided. When the capacitor discharges to the equivalent resistance of the water body, the initial discharge current is large, the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode and the triode is basically constant and can be regarded as 2 constants, but the discharge current is gradually reduced along with the gradual reduction of the capacitor voltage, the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode and the triode is likely to be changed greatly, and the curve fitting result is inaccurate.

The number K of the node machines is determined by adopting the following method:

wherein K represents the number of node machines, W represents the electrode spacing, R_bEquivalent resistance of water body unit representing target water body, D_maxThe maximum value of the target water body depth is represented, and L represents the target water body widthAnd N represents an intermediate variable.

The discharge frequency is determined by f:

wherein W represents the electrode spacing, R_bRepresenting the equivalent resistance of the water body unit of the target water body, L representing the width of the target water body, K representing the number of node machines, and D_maxRepresents the maximum value of the target water depth, tau represents the charging and discharging time constant, C represents the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the electric grid, t represents the discharging time, U_CUTRepresents the discharge cut-off voltage, r represents the fish blocking distance, and f represents the discharge frequency of the electric fence fish blocking system.

The highest voltage of the node machine of the electric fish blocking system aimed at by the design is 360V, and after incomplete discharge is carried out, the residual voltage is cutoff voltage U_cutDischarging 360V to cut-off voltage U_cutTime t of_cutAs the effective pulse width, the effective pulse width is usually 0.2-0.5 ms, in the discharging process, the electrodes are regarded as electric dipoles, and when the field intensity formed between the electrodes is larger than a certain value, the fish can be stimulated to achieve the fish blocking effect. As shown in FIG. 6, when the voltage difference between the two electrodes is U_cutWhen the potential of the center points of the two electrodes is equal to

The point A is located on the central vertical line (equipotential line) of the electric dipole, so the potential of the point A is also

Assuming that the field intensity at the point A is E, the field intensity generated by the positive electrode pair A is E₀Since the distance between the positive and negative electrodes is equal, the field intensity generated by the negative electrode pair A is also E₀However, the vector directions of the two are not equal, and the following results are obtained:

wherein L is₁The distance from the point A to the positive electrode and the distance between the two electrodes W. Let the field intensity E generated by the positive electrode pair A₀The included angle between the vector direction and the horizontal direction is α, and according to the electromagnetic principle, the field intensity of the point A can be obtained by a parallelogram rule as follows:

in practical engineering applications, the magnitude of the a-point field is also influenced by the adjacent electrodes, and only the influence of two other electrodes relatively close to each other is considered, as shown in fig. 7.

The magnitude of the field intensity generated by the outer set of electrode pairs at point A is E ', and E' is calculated in a manner similar to E, but with a spacing of 3W, so that the field intensity is generated with a magnitude less than E and in a direction opposite to E. This gives:

E_{practice of}＝E-E' (5)

The electric field intensity calculation model of point a can be obtained by substituting formula (4) for formula (5).

In ecological breeding, the fishes generally intercepted by the electric fish blocking system are fishes with the length of more than 6cm, and according to the physiological stimulation induction conditions of the fishes, the field intensity between the head and the tail of the fishes needs to be more than 10V/m to enable the fishes to have stimulation, namely the voltage applied to the fish body with the length of 6cm is at least 0.6V. In the present embodiment, the V_Fish＝10V/m×L_FishWherein L is_FishThe length from the head to the tail of the fish to be blocked is shown. Considering that the fish may enter the electric field along the equipotential lines, the electric field can only act on the back of the fish, the thickness of the back of the fish is generally 17% of the length of the fish body, and the thickness of the back of the fish with the length of 6cm is about 1cm, so that the field strength at the point A is greater than 0.6V/cm, a voltage difference of more than 0.6V can be formed on the fish body, and the fish can be stimulated, so that the constraint condition is that:

E_{practice of}≥0.6V/cm (6)

By combining the formula (4), the formula (5) and the formula (6), a calculation model between the sensitive voltage and the field intensity of the blocked fish and the fish thickness can be obtained.

According to the physiological characteristics of the fish, the maximum escape speed of the fish when being stimulated is 2m/s, and according to the specification of the electric fish blocking, the discharge frequency f is 2 Hz-10 Hz. In the case of a certain fish swimming speed, the higher the discharge frequency f, the smaller the effective fish-blocking distance r that must be achieved:

wherein r has the unit of cm. In order to ensure the fish blocking effect, the fastest escape speed of the fish is 2m/s, and the value range of the obtained r is 20 cm-100 cm.

According to the discharge process curve, the following results are obtained:

τ＝R_FC (8)

wherein, U_oFor outputting voltage during discharge, U_inIs 360V and tau is a time constant. t is the discharge time, when the discharge process is cut off, U₀＝U_cut，t＝t_cut，t_cutI.e., the effective width of the discharge pulse, should be 0.2-0.5 ms.

R_FIs equivalent resistance, R, of large-area water body_bThe measurement method of the small-area water volume equivalent resistance measured by a special test analyzer can be referred to in section 2.4. The equivalent resistance of the large-area water body is

R_FiIs the load of the i-th node machine, R_SmallL sets the river width for the user, D for measurable small area water equivalent resistance_maxAnd setting the depth for a user, wherein k is the number of node machines. Because the node machine requires the load to be more than 1.5 omega, the inter-electrode used in industryThe distance W is 1m to 2m, and we take W ═ 1.1,1.2,1.3.. 2.0}, and the calculation process is as follows:

1. and (5) substituting the formula (9) to obtain the minimum k value meeting the requirement, and rounding the minimum k value to obtain the minimum number of node machines. The integer k is taken into formula (10),

obtaining R_FIf equation (8) is substituted and t is 0.2ms or 0.5ms, U can be calculated_cut＝U₀。

Then substituting the formula (6) to obtain the maximum fish-blocking effective range r.

Substituting r into the equation (7) can calculate and then select the discharge frequency f which satisfies the minimum requirement.

Considering the cost of the electric fish blocking system, the cost is divided into one-time cost and long-term cost, the one-time cost can be saved mainly by reducing the number of the node machines, and the long-term cost can be reduced by reducing the discharge frequency.

By establishing a model, the minimum number of node machines and the minimum discharge frequency are found, and the cost is saved to the maximum extent on the basis of meeting the fish blocking performance. Three parameters of the electrode spacing W, the number k of node machines and the discharge frequency f are recommended to a user, so that the user can not use experience parameters to deploy the node machines and the motors, and the time and the cost are greatly saved.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.