Electrical short-circuiting device
阅读说明:本技术 电气短路装置 (Electrical short-circuiting device ) 是由 N.斯塔尔霍特 于 2017-07-07 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种电气短路装置(400),其具有第一电气接触件(404)、第二电气接触件(408)以及具有由电气半导体结晶材料构成的构件(412),该构件在至少一个方向上截止在第一接触件(404)与第二接触件(408)之间的电流流动。执行器(608)被配置为用于关于电气触发信号(S)对构件(412)施加机械力,并且由此至少部分地破坏构件(412)的晶体结构。(The invention relates to an electrical short-circuiting device (400) having a first electrical contact (404), a second electrical contact (408), and having a component (412) made of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material, which cuts off a current flow between the first contact (404) and the second contact (408) in at least one direction. The actuator (608) is configured for applying a mechanical force to the member (412) in relation to the electrical trigger signal (S) and thereby at least partially destroying the crystalline structure of the member (412).)
1. An electrical short-circuiting device (400),
-having a first electrical contact (404) and a second electrical contact (408);
-having a member (412) of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material, which member in at least one direction blocks the flow of electrical current between the first contact (404) and the second contact (408); and
-having an actuator (608) configured for exerting a mechanical force on the member (412) in relation to the electrical trigger signal (S) and thereby at least partially destroying the crystalline structure of the member (412).
2. The short-circuiting device according to claim 1,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the member (412) is arranged between the first contact (404) and the second contact (408).
3. Short-circuiting device according to claim 1 or 2,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the short-circuiting device (400) is designed as a wafer unit.
4. Short-circuiting device according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the first contact (404) has a first recess (604) in which the actuator (608) is arranged.
5. The shorting device as recited in claim 4,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the second contact (408) has a second recess (620) arranged opposite the first recess (604).
6. Short-circuiting device according to claim 4 or 5,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the member (412) separates the first recess (604) from the second recess (620).
7. Short-circuiting device according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the member (412) is a disc.
8. Short-circuiting device according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the member (412) has at least one p-n junction, in particular two p-n junctions oriented opposite to each other.
9. The short-circuiting device according to claim 8,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the at least one p-n junction is a planar p-n junction, which is oriented parallel to the first electrical contact (404) and/or parallel to the second electrical contact (408).
10. Short-circuiting device according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the actuator (608) is a piezoelectric actuator.
11. A current transformer (1) having a plurality of bipolar modules (1_1 … 6_ n) electrically connected in series, wherein an electrical short-circuiting device (220, 320, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is associated respectively with each of the modules.
12. The current transformer of claim 11,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the converter (1) is a modular multilevel converter.
13. Method for short-circuiting an electrical bipolar module (1_1 … 6_ n), wherein an electrical short-circuiting device (400) is connected in parallel with the module, the electrical short-circuiting device having a first electrical contact (404), a second electrical contact (408) and a component (412) made of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material, wherein in the method an electrical short-circuiting device is provided which comprises a first electrical contact (404), a second electrical contact (408) and a component (412) made of an electrical
-first blocking, by the member (412), a current flow between the first contact (404) and the second contact (408) in at least one direction;
-applying a mechanical force to the member by an actuator (608) in relation to an electrical trigger signal (S); and
-thereby at least partially destroying the crystalline structure of the member (412), thereby enabling a current flow between the first electrical contact (404) and the second electrical contact (408) in the direction of the initial cut-off.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the electrical module (1_1 … 6_ n) has at least two electronic switching elements (202, 206) and an electrical energy storage (210).
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-said electrical module (1_1 … 6_ n) is a module of a modular multilevel converter (1).
16. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the member (412) is a disc.
17. The method of any one of claims 13 to 16,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
-the actuator (608) is a piezoelectric actuator.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electrical short-circuiting device. In an electric circuit, there is a need to short (bridge) a specific circuit portion. For example, there are converters with a large number of electrical modules in a series circuit. If one of the modules fails during operation, it is desirable to short-circuit (bridge) the defective module, so that the remaining modules of the electrical series circuit can continue to operate.
Background
An electrical short-circuiting device with a pyrotechnic drive is known from international patent application WO 2011/107363 a 1. Pyrotechnic actuators enable a quick closing of the short-circuit device, but sometimes cause safety problems (explosives).
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is therefore to provide a short-circuiting device and a method for short-circuiting a module, in which no pyrotechnic drive is required.
According to the invention, this technical problem is solved by an electrical short-circuiting device and a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the short-circuiting device and the method are specified in the dependent claims.
An electric short-circuit device (bridge device) is disclosed
-having a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact;
-having a member of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material, which member in at least one direction blocks the flow of current between the first contact and the second contact; and
having an (electrical) actuator (drive element) configured for applying a mechanical force to the member in relation to the electrical trigger signal and thereby at least partially destroying the crystal structure of the member. The actuator may also be configured for applying a mechanical force to the member in relation to the electrical trigger signal and thereby breaking the material. Based on the at least partially destroyed crystal structure of the semiconductor crystalline material, the material loses its electrical blocking capability, so that a current flow between the first contact and the second contact can be achieved in the direction of the initial blocking. This process is also referred to as breakdown. Even fine cracks or breaks in the crystal structure of the crystalline material are sufficient to eliminate the electrical cut-off characteristic of the short-circuit device. However, it is of course also possible to break the semiconductor crystalline material into a plurality of (macroscopic) fragments by means of mechanical force. Generally, an actuator is an element that converts an electrical signal into mechanical motion.
The short-circuiting device may be designed such that the member is arranged between the first contact and the second contact. In particular, the member may be clamped between the first contact and the second contact. Depending on the direction of the current, in the short-circuited state, the current advantageously flows from one of the contacts to the other of the contacts through the member.
The short-circuiting device can be designed such that it is designed as a wafer unit (Scheibenzelle). Thereby, the short-circuiting device can be mechanically very compact and robustly designed. The first contact and the second contact are oriented substantially parallel to one another.
The short-circuit device can also be designed such that the first contact piece has a first recess in which the actuator is arranged. The actuator arranged in the first recess can act directly mechanically on the component.
The short-circuiting device can also be designed such that the second contact has a second recess opposite the first recess. The second recess enables deformation of the member with respect to mechanical forces. Thereby causing the crystal structure of the component to be partially destroyed with respect to mechanical forces.
The short-circuiting device may also be designed such that the member separates the first recess from the second recess.
The short-circuiting device can also be designed such that the component is a wafer (made of electrically semiconductive crystalline material). Such wafers are also referred to as wafers (wafers). Since such a wafer can be made relatively thin, the crystal structure of the crystalline material can be destroyed with a relatively small actuator and/or small electrical trigger signal.
The short-circuit device can also be designed such that the component has at least one p-n junction, in particular two p-n junctions oriented opposite one another. If a component has only one p-n junction (i.e. if the component corresponds to a diode, for example), the component is able to cut off current in one direction in the non-shorted state. If a component has two p-n junctions of opposite orientation (i.e. if the component corresponds to a thyristor, for example), the component is able to block current in both directions in the non-shorted state.
The short-circuiting device can also be designed such that the at least one p-n junction is a planar p-n junction, which is oriented parallel to the first electrical contact and/or parallel to the second electrical contact. By means of one or more such planar p-n junctions, large currents can be safely conducted even in the short-circuit state of the short-circuit device.
The short-circuiting device can also be designed such that the actuator is an (electrical) piezo actuator. Such a piezoelectric actuator has the following advantages in particular: the piezoelectric actuator generates mechanical motion very rapidly with respect to the electrical trigger signal and is therefore capable of applying mechanical force to the member very rapidly with respect to the electrical trigger signal.
The short-circuiting device can also be designed such that
The component is an electrically connectable semiconductor element (in particular a thyristor), the control terminal of which (in particular the gate terminal of which) is led out of the short-circuiting device, so that the semiconductor element can also be (electrically) connected by means of the control terminal of the semiconductor element.
Furthermore, a power converter is disclosed with a plurality of bipolar modules (submodules) connected electrically in series, wherein an electrical short-circuiting device according to the above-described solution is associated with each of the modules (in particular connected in parallel) (so that the modules can be short-circuited (bridged) by means of the short-circuiting devices associated with the modules, respectively).
The converter may in particular be a modular multilevel converter.
Furthermore, a method for short-circuiting an electrical bipolar module is disclosed, wherein an electrical short-circuiting device is connected in parallel with the module, the electrical short-circuiting device having a first electrical contact, a second electrical contact and a component made of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material, wherein in the method an electrical short-circuiting device is connected in parallel with the module, wherein in the method a component made of an electrical semiconductor crystalline material is connected in parallel with the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact
-by the member first blocking the current flow between the first contact and the second contact in at least one direction;
-applying mechanical force to the member by the actuator in relation to the electrical trigger signal; and
thereby at least partially (mechanically) breaking the crystal structure of the member, thereby (breaking down the member and) enabling a current flow between the first and second electrical contacts in the direction of the initial cut-off.
The method can be designed such that the electrical module has at least two electronic switching elements and an electrical energy store.
The method can also be designed such that the electrical module is a module (submodule) of a modular multilevel converter.
The method can also be designed such that the component is a wafer (of electrically semiconducting crystalline material).
The method can be designed such that the actuator is an (electro-) piezoelectric actuator.
This approach has similar advantages as shown above in connection with the shorting device.
Drawings
The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to examples. Here, the same reference numerals denote the same or functionally equivalent elements. In the drawings:
an embodiment of a current transformer with a plurality of modules is shown in fig. 1;
an embodiment of a module with a short-circuit device is shown in fig. 2;
a further embodiment of a module with a short-circuit device is shown in fig. 3;
an embodiment of the short-circuiting device is shown in a three-dimensional representation in fig. 4;
an embodiment of the short-circuiting device is shown in a top view in fig. 5;
an embodiment of the short-circuiting device is shown in a sectional view in fig. 6;
fig. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a short-circuit device after a trigger signal in a sectional view;
an embodiment of a component composed of an electrical semiconductor material is shown in fig. 8; and
an exemplary circuit symbol for a short-circuiting device is shown in fig. 9.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a
The second ac voltage connection 7 is electrically connected to an end of the third
The end of the third
Each phase module branch has a plurality of modules (1_1, 1_2, 1_3, 1_4 … 1_ n; 2_1 … 2_ n, etc.), which are connected electrically in series (by means of their current connections). Such modules are also referred to as submodules. In the embodiment of fig. 1, each phase module branch has n modules. The number of modules which are electrically connected in series by means of their current connections can vary widely, at least three modules being able to be connected in series, but also, for example, 50, 100 or more modules being able to be connected electrically in series. In this embodiment, n-36: that is, the first phase module branch 11 has 36 modules 1_1, 1_2, 1_3, … 1_ 36. The further
The
Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a
The
Thus, the
The shorting
Fig. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a
The
The shorting
An external view of an embodiment of a
The short-
The first
A top view of the
A cross-sectional view through the shorting
The
A
In this exemplary embodiment, the
The short-
By breaking the crystalline structure of the member, the
In other words, the force of
It is noted that in fig. 6 and 7, for reasons of better identifiability, distances are shown between the
An advantageous possible structure of the
In this embodiment, the p-n junction is designed as a planar p-n junction. The p-n junction is oriented parallel to the first electrical contact and/or parallel to the second electrical contact.
The
Alternatively, the
A circuit symbol for the short-
When the short-circuit device is switched from the short-circuit state to the short-circuit state, the following method is executed:
first (before a trigger signal is applied to the actuator), the current flow between the first contact and the second contact is blocked by the member in at least one direction. If the trigger signal is applied to the actuator, a mechanical force is applied to the member by the actuator. The crystal structure of the component is at least partially (mechanically) destroyed by mechanical force. Thereby, a current flow between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact can be achieved in the direction of the initial cut-off. This is also referred to as breakdown of the component.
The shorting
An electrical short-circuiting device and a method for short-circuiting an electrical module have been described.