阅读说明：本技术 用于运行混合收集器-太阳能设备的方法 (Method for operating a hybrid collector-solar system ) 是由 D.拉玛尼 于 2018-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于运行混合收集器?太阳能设备(11)的方法，在其中在缓冲存储器(21)中存在的传热介质(25)经由泵(23)到达到用于加热传热介质(25)的混合收集器的太阳能集热器(17)中，其中，泵(23)被连结到供应管路(19)中，该供应管路(19)连接缓冲存储器(21)与太阳能集热器(17)。太阳能设备(11)部分被填充以传热介质(25)，从而太阳能设备(11)的部分未被填充且传热介质(25)取决于其温度在太阳能集热器(17)与缓冲存储器(21)之间经由供应管路(19)来回移动，由此实现往复式运行方式。(The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid collector-solar system (11), in which a heat transfer medium (25) present in a buffer store (21) is passed via a pump (23) into a solar collector (17) of a hybrid collector for heating the heat transfer medium (25), wherein the pump (23) is connected into a supply line (19), which supply line (19) connects the buffer store (21) with the solar collector (17). The solar installation (11) is partially filled with a heat transfer medium (25), so that the solar installation (11) is partially unfilled and the heat transfer medium (25) is moved back and forth between the solar collector (17) and the buffer store (21) via the supply line (19) as a function of its temperature, as a result of which a reciprocating mode of operation is achieved.)

1. Method for operating a hybrid collector-solar plant (11), in which a heat transfer medium (25) present in a buffer storage (21) is pumped via a pump (23) into a solar collector (17) of a hybrid collector (13) for heating the heat transfer medium (25), wherein the pump (23) is connected into a supply line (19), which supply line (19) connects the buffer storage (21) with the solar collector (17),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the solar installation (11) is partially filled with a heat transfer medium (25) so that the solar installation (11) is partially unfilled, and

the heat transfer medium (25) is moved back and forth between the solar collector (17) and the buffer store (21) as a function of its temperature via the supply line (19), whereby a reciprocating mode of operation is achieved.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer medium (25) is substantially in the buffer storage (21) in a first operating state and substantially in the solar collector (17) in a second operating state.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat transfer medium (25) is pumped with the pump (23) from the first operating state into the second operating state via the supply line (19).

4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat transfer medium (25) is transferred from the second operating state into the first operating state via the supply line (19) by evacuating the solar collector (17).

5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer medium (25) is pumped into the solar collector (17) via the supply line (19) or transferred into the buffer storage (21) via the supply line (19) depending on its temperature.

6. A method according to any one of claims 2-5, characterised in that the pump (23) is in contact with the heat transfer medium (25) independently of the first and the second operating state.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer medium (25) is transferred from the solar collector (17) into the buffer storage (21) via a bypass line (27) bypassing the pump (23).

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is free from a circulating movement of the heat transfer medium (25) in such a way that the heat transfer medium (25) is guided back and forth between the solar collector (17) and the buffer store (21) via the supply line (19).

9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hybrid collector-solar plant (11) is operated pressureless.

10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the second operating state a residual volume of heat transfer medium (25) remains in the buffer store (21).

11. Hybrid collector-solar plant (11) for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 10, comprising

-a solar collector (17),

-a photovoltaic module (15), wherein the photovoltaic module (15) is arranged on the solar collector (17) and the photovoltaic module (15) and the solar collector (17) together constitute a hybrid collector (13),

-a heat transfer medium (25) filled into the solar device (11),

a buffer storage (21) which is connected in a flow-conducting manner to the mixing collector (13) via a supply line (19)

And a pump (23) coupled into the supply line (19),

characterized in that the volumetric capacity of the solar installation (11) for the heat transfer medium (25) is at least as large as twice the volume of the heat transfer medium (25) to be filled in.

12. Solar apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the volume of the solar apparatus (11) without the heat transfer medium (25) is filled with air.

13. Solar plant according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the filling volume of the buffer storage (21) has at least the volume of the heated heat transfer medium (25).

14. Solar plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling volume of the solar collector (17) has at most the volume of the cooled heat transfer medium (25).

15. Solar plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector (17) is connected to the buffer storage (21) by means of the supply line (19) and an overflow line (29).

16. Solar plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said solar collector (17) is self-emptying.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid collector-solar plant (hybrid kollektor solar plant) according to the preamble of claim 1 and a hybrid collector-solar plant for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 11.

Background

Hybrid collectors are known from the prior art, which utilize sunlight more efficiently than photovoltaic modules (photovoltaicikmodules) or solar collectors (also known as solar collectors or flat collectors) alone, in the case of photovoltaic modules (PV modules) it is generally true that their power drops with increasing temperature, so that an attempt is made to keep the temperature of the PV module as low as possible.

The hybrid collector is integrated into the heating cycle (Heizkreislauf) in such a way that the heat transfer medium (Wärmeträgermedium) is continuously circulated, furthermore, a buffer storage (Pufferspeciicher) and a pump are joined into the heating cycle, which is completely filled with the heat transfer medium.

Disclosure of Invention

The disadvantages of the described prior art lead to the object of the invention of improving a method for operating a hybrid collector-solar installation of this type in such a way that the investment costs and maintenance costs of the solar installation are reduced and the efficiency thereof is improved simultaneously during operation.

The solution of the proposed object is achieved in the case of a method for operating a hybrid collector-solar plant according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the solar plant is partially filled with a heat transfer medium, so that the solar plant is partially unfilled and the heat transfer medium is moved back and forth between the solar collector and the buffer store via a supply line (Zuleitung) depending on its temperature, thereby achieving a reciprocating mode of operation.

By having the solar installation only partially filled with heat transfer medium, sufficient space remains free, so that the heat transfer medium can expand freely in the event of heating without building up pressure in the solar installation. This is advantageous in particular in the case of mixing collectors, since these may have pressure-sensitive glass plates.

By having the solar device partially filled, there is space in the solar device so that the heat transfer medium can be moved back and forth between the buffer storage and the solar collector. This reciprocating mode of operation results in an exceptionally high efficiency, since the solar heat transferred to the heat transfer medium is, overall, approximately the same size as in the case of a heat transfer medium which is continuously conducted in a circuit. Furthermore, the energy requirement of the pump is reduced compared to a cyclic operation, since the pump pumps the heat transfer medium from the buffer storage into the solar collector only for a defined time interval and the remaining operating time is stopped.

The invention is preferably distinguished in that the heat transfer medium is situated substantially in the buffer reservoir in the first operating state and substantially in the solar collector in the second operating state. Both operating states make it possible for all heat transfer media to be either heated in the solar collectors or to be pumped away from the buffer store. The reciprocating mode of operation is very efficient especially in combination with a hybrid collector, since one of the tasks of a solar collector is to cool the PV module. The driving (treibende) temperature drop is particularly high because the heat transfer medium, which is well cooled in the second operating state, is in contact with the PV module.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat transfer medium is pumped by the pump via the supply line into the second operating state by the first operating state. The pump can thus be used very energy-saving, since it can be stopped for the rest of the time during which the solar installation is operating. In contrast, the pump runs continuously in the case of a cyclic operating mode of the solar installation.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat transfer medium is transferred into the first operating state by emptying the solar collector via the supply line by the second operating state. No additional energy is required for evacuation. The automatic emptying may be achieved in that the supply line is arranged at the lowest point of the solar collector and the highest point of the buffer storage is arranged below the lowest point of the solar collector.

It has proved useful when the heat transfer medium is pumped into the solar collector via the supply line or is transferred into the buffer storage via the supply line depending on its temperature. The supply line can be used to supply and discharge the heat transfer medium in this operating mode. Additional piping can be eliminated.

Suitably, the pump is in contact with the heat transfer medium independently of the first and second operating conditions. This prevents the pump from operating dry. This maintenance requirement can be easily implemented in that the pump is arranged lower than the highest point of the heat transfer medium located in the buffer store.

It has proved useful when the heat transfer medium is transferred from the solar collector to the buffer storage via a bypass line bypassing the pump. The solar collector can thus be evacuated by simple opening of the valve. A pump is not required for evacuation.

The invention is also preferably distinguished in that the method is free of a circulating movement of the heat transfer medium in such a way that the heat transfer medium is guided back and forth between the solar collector and the buffer reservoir via the supply line. Thus, the device can be operated without pressure. The formation of dead zones is reliably prevented, since the solar collectors are completely emptied in the event of a change to the first operating state.

Expediently, the hybrid collector solar system is operated without pressure, which, as already further already mentioned above, brings great advantages in particular for hybrid collectors.

The remaining volume in the buffer storage can likewise be formed by an overflow (Überlauf, sometimes referred to as overflow), which is formed when the heat transfer medium expands in the solar collector.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to a hybrid collector-solar plant for carrying out the above method. It is particularly preferred when the volumetric capacity (sometimes referred to as the frame volume) of the solar power plant for the heat transfer medium is at least twice as large as the volume of the heat transfer medium to be filled. This dimensioning of the solar installation results in that a reciprocating mode of operation can be realized. The heat transfer medium is almost completely located either in the solar collector or in the buffer storage. Thus, the heating phase and the heat extraction phase are realized separately and continuously from each other.

Suitably, the volume of the solar power installation without the heat transfer medium is filled with air. Thereby, the heat transfer medium can expand in the solar collector without building up pressure in the solar plant.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filling volume of the buffer reservoir has at least the volume of the heated heat transfer medium. In this way, in the first operating state, the heat transfer medium can be completely accommodated in the buffer store, at which heat is removed by all the heat transfer medium.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the filling volume of the solar collector has at most the volume of the cooled heat transfer medium. This ensures that the solar collector is completely filled with the heat transfer medium in the second operating state and all the heat transfer medium is heated.

Suitably, the solar collector is connected to the buffer storage via a supply line and an overflow line. The overflow line serves to return heat transfer medium which expands during the second operating state and which does not find space in the solar collector back into the buffer store. The return of the heat transfer medium after the end of the second operating state is effected automatically via the supply line.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the solar collector is self-emptying (selbstentilerend). No additional energy is required to completely empty the solar collector and fill the buffer storage.

Drawings

Further advantages and features result from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the schematic illustrations. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a non-to-scale schematic representation of a hybrid collector-solar plant in a first operating state;

FIG. 2 shows the solar installation in a second operating state in a not true-to-scale illustration, and

fig. 3 shows the solar installation after the return of the heat transfer medium into the first operating state, in a not true-to-scale illustration.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1 to 3, a hybrid collector-solar device is shown, generally designated by the reference numeral 11. The core component of the solar power plant is the mixing collector 13. The hybrid collector 13 comprises a photovoltaic module (PV module) 15, which is arranged on a solar collector 17. Preferably, the PV module 15 comprises a plurality of solar cells, which are held between two glass plates. The solar collector 17 is preferably constructed in such a way that the seal between the PV module 15 and the panel is compressed and the seal spaces the panel from the PV module 15. The plates are held at the PV modules 15 with clips, clamps or screws. The mixing collector 13 is fluidically connected to a buffer reservoir 21 via a supply line 19. A pump 23 is integrated into the supply line 19, which pump can pump the heat transfer medium 25 from the buffer storage 21 into the solar collector 17.

The solar installation 11 is not completely filled with the heat transfer medium 25, but rather a part of the solar installation is not filled. The fill volume of the heat transfer medium 25 is at least as large as the volume of the solar collector 17. This ensures that the solar collector 17 can be completely filled with the heat transfer medium 25 and that as much heat as possible can be transferred to the heat transfer medium.

Fig. 1 shows a first operating state in which the heat transfer medium 25 is present in the buffer store 21. The heat contained in the solar collectors 17 is removed in the buffer store 21 by a heat transfer medium 25, for example by means of a heat exchanger integrated into the buffer store 21. The filling volume of the buffer store 21 is determined in such a way that the heated heat transfer medium 25 finds space in the buffer store when it does not have its maximum expansion. By completely accommodating the heat transfer medium 25 in the buffer store 21, heat can be drawn off from all of the heat transfer medium 25 in the buffer store 21. Additionally, the supply line 19 up to the pump 23 must be filled with the heat transfer medium 25, so that the pump 23 does not run dry and can pull the heat transfer medium 25. The pump 23 is expediently arranged at a level which is below the level of the heat transfer medium 25 in the first operating state. Thereby, the heat transfer medium 25 is forcibly pressed up to the pump 23.

After the heat transfer medium 25 in the buffer storage 21 has been pumped away, it is pumped with a pump 23 via the supply line 19 into the solar collector 17. The heat transfer medium 25 remains in the solar collector 17 until a defined temperature or a defined time interval is reached. In this second operating state (fig. 2), the solar collector 17 is completely filled with the heat transfer medium. Preferably, a small amount of the heat transfer medium 25 remains in the buffer storage 21 so as to have a reserve. All heat transfer media 25 are heated in solar collector 17 by solar radiation until the temperature necessary for the operation of solar installation 11 is reached.

The solar installation 11 can be operated without pressure, since it is not completely filled with the heat transfer medium 25. The remaining volume of the solar installation 11 is free of heat transfer medium 25 and is therefore filled with air. Thereby, the heat transfer medium 25 can expand without resistance during heating. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a hybrid collector-solar device 11, since the photovoltaic module 15 may comprise at least one pressure-sensitive glass plate.

The pump 23 is not operated continuously as in the case of the circulation mode (in which the heat transfer medium 25 is pumped continuously in a circulation). Instead, the pump 23 is switched on only when the first operating state is changed into the second operating state and the pump 23 pumps the heat transfer medium 25 from the buffer store 21 into the solar collector 17. In this way, the pump 23 can be operated in a particularly energy-saving manner in the case of the method, as a result of which the overall efficiency of the solar installation 11 is improved.

In the next step, the bypass line 27 bypassing the pump 23 is opened. By arranging the solar collector 17 higher than the buffer storage 21 and obliquely, the solar collector 17 is automatically and completely emptied. The pump 23 therefore does not have to be put into operation for the emptying of the solar collector 17. The buffer storage 21 is automatically filled with the heated heat transfer medium 25 by gravity. After the filling of the buffer store 21, heat can be removed by the heat transfer medium 25.

Additionally, the solar collector 17 is connected to the buffer store 21 by an overflow line 29. The heat transfer medium 25 expanding in the solar collector during heating can thus flow back into the buffer reservoir via the overflow line 29. The overflow line makes it possible for the heat transfer medium 25 to expand without building up pressure in the solar installation 11.

This method for operating the hybrid collector-solar system 11 makes it possible for the heat transfer medium 25 to be moved back and forth between the solar collector 17 and the buffer store 21. In a surprising manner, the inventors have found that this mode of operation results in an increase in overall efficiency compared to the cyclic mode of operation. In order to enable the reciprocating mode of operation, the filling volume of the solar collector 17 is dimensioned such that it corresponds at most to the volume of the cooled heat transfer medium 25. Thereby, the solar collector 17 can always be completely filled with the heat transfer medium 25. The complete emptying of the solar collector 17 in the case of the end of the second operating state prevents the formation of dead zones, which are often formed in solar collectors in the case of the cyclical operating mode.

The filling volume of the buffer store 21 is dimensioned such that it at least corresponds to the volume of the heated heat transfer medium 25. In this way, all the heated heat transfer medium 25 can be accommodated in the buffer store 21 and can emit its heat there.

List of reference numerals

11 hybrid collector-solar plant

13 mixing collector

15 photoelectric module

17 solar heat collector

19 supply line

21 buffer memory

23 Pump

25 Heat transfer Medium

27 bypass line

29 overflow line.