阅读说明：本技术 一种建筑骨料矿山原位土壤改良及绿化方法 (Building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method ) 是由 祁有祥 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种建筑骨料矿山原位土壤改良及绿化方法,包括：设施修缮；冲沟回填；排土坡面防护；原位改良：将混合制备好的改良材料撒覆到排土场表面,进行松耙混合；原位绿化：按照株距2-4m的间距,在改良土层栽植乔木树种；后采用喷播车喷洒含混合草灌木种子的粘结浆液,对扰动后的表层进行浅层固结；浅层固结结束后,表面铺撒秸秆覆盖；养护管理：包括补种、补苗、施肥、病虫害防治。本发明的有益效果是：在科学确定植物种类及合理配置的基础上,基本能够满足全国干旱半干旱、暖温带、亚热带及热带大部分地区骨料矿山排土场植被恢复,如在合理增加防渗隔离、污染防治等措施,亦能够满足有色金属矿山废石场、垃圾填埋场等特殊场地植被恢复。(The invention discloses a building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method, which comprises the following steps: repairing facilities; backfilling the ditch; protecting the soil discharge slope; in-situ improvement: scattering the prepared improved material on the surface of a waste dump, and carrying out loosening and raking mixing; in-situ greening: planting arbor species in the improved soil layer according to the spacing of 2-4 m; spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle, and performing shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer; after the shallow layer consolidation is finished, spreading straw on the surface for covering; maintenance management: comprises the steps of reseeding, seedling supplementing, fertilizing and pest control. The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of scientifically determining the plant types and reasonably configuring, the vegetation recovery of aggregate mine waste dumps in arid and semiarid regions, warm temperature zones, subtropical regions and most regions of the tropical zone in China can be basically met, for example, the vegetation recovery of special fields such as nonferrous metal mine waste rock fields, refuse landfills and the like can be met by reasonably adding measures such as anti-seepage isolation, pollution prevention and control and the like.)

1. A building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) and repairing facilities: after the waste dump is closed, according to the design requirements of the waste dump main body, checking and repairing facilities of a drainage ditch, an energy dissipation dust sand pool and a stone blocking dam to ensure smooth drainage, safety and stability of the waste dump;

(2) and trench-punching and backfilling: after the waste dump is closed, the waste dump is eroded by rainfall runoff, and the trench needs to be backfilled and leveled before vegetation is restored;

(3) protection of the soil discharge slope: the soil discharge slope surface adopts bamboo fences and ecological bag horizontal step slope protection, and the slope surface is divided to form micro-terrains;

(4) and in-situ improvement: scattering the prepared improved material on the surface of a waste dump, and carrying out loosening and raking mixing;

(5) and in-situ greening: planting arbor species in the improved soil layer according to the spacing of 2-4 m; spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle, and performing shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer; after the shallow layer consolidation is finished, spreading straw on the surface for covering;

(6) and maintenance management: comprises the steps of reseeding, seedling supplementing, fertilizing and pest control.

2. The in-situ soil improvement and greening method for building aggregate mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the gully is backfilled, a new slope surface line and a gully opening are tamped to form a foundation, the foundation needs to be backfilled and leveled before vegetation is restored, and the original V-shaped gully can be smoothly connected with a peripheral slope surface by adopting top cutting backfill and slope following accumulation along the edge of the gully top.

3. The in-situ soil improvement and greening method for building aggregate mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) horizontally-stepped slope protection of the ecological bags, arranging the ecological bags along the slope feet on the tamping foundation, stacking the ecological bags with the long sides staggered along the slope feet at the height of 24-60cm, reinforcing the ecological bags by adopting wood piles every 2-5m, penetrating the wood piles through the centers of the ecological bags to enter the tamping foundation, and leveling the tops of the wood piles with the second layer of ecological bags on the tops.

4. The in-situ soil improvement and greening method for building aggregate mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the slope protection measures are finished, an in-situ improvement layer is formed, the prepared improvement material is scattered on the surface of a dumping yard, and the soil is subjected to loosening and raking mixing, wherein the rake turning depth is 10-20 cm.

5. The in-situ soil improvement and greening method for building aggregate mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in-situ greening: firstly, planting arbor tree species on the inner side of a bamboo fence and an ecological bag horizontal-step protection slope according to the spacing of 2-4m of the plant spacing after weathering rock soil on the surface of a refuse dump is improved; and then spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle, carrying out shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer, and finally, spreading straw on the surface to cover after the shallow consolidation layer is consolidated to form a crop straw covering layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aggregates, and mainly relates to a method for improving and greening in-situ soil of a building aggregate mine.

Background

The building aggregate is one of important resource type products, and is a massive basic building material which is widest in construction engineering application, largest in quantity and irreplaceable. With the development of economic society of China, the ecological civilization construction is raised as a national strategy, and the ecological environment protection and restoration become one of the central works for the development of the building aggregate industry. At present, the sandstone mine in China is in a key period of transformation from a traditional mine with small dispersion danger and low mess to a green aggregate mine with large scale, industrialization, modernization, environmental protection and harmony. The waste dump is one of the functional units with the most serious land damage, ecological damage and the most difficult recovery and treatment of the building aggregate mine, and is mainly used for removing weathered rocks, sloping soil and the like, and the vegetation recovery base conditions are relatively good because the waste does not have environmental pollution sources such as acid-base infiltration, heavy metals, noxious substances and the like.

At present, the main methods for recovering vegetation in a construction aggregate mine refuse dump comprise natural sealing and raising, soil dressing and afforestation, and the main methods comprise natural sealing and raising, soil dressing and afforestation, spray seeding and greening, and the main methods generally have the prominent problems of high vegetation recovery cost, poor effect, low speed, difficult preservation and the like because of poor soil layer, loose structure, serious water and soil loss, low water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity of the refuse dump. The natural sealing is a common method with the lowest cost, but the vegetation recovery time is long, the water and soil loss cannot be effectively prevented, and the vegetation sparse effect is poor; the method for afforestation by soil replacement is the most popular method with the widest application range, but has high labor cost and low construction efficiency, and can not effectively prevent water and soil loss due to lack of ground cover plants; the alien soil spray seeding is a method which is gradually popularized in nearly 20 years and has a good vegetation recovery effect, but the comprehensive cost of manpower, equipment, materials and the like is high, and a professional construction team is required.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an in-situ soil improvement and greening method for aggregate mine dump, which is realized by systematic technical methods such as slope protection, in-situ improvement, seeding greening, seedling planting greening, hydraulic spraying, surface layer consolidation, covering and soil moisture conservation and the like.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. A building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method comprises the following steps:

(1) and repairing facilities: after the waste dump is closed, according to the design requirements of the waste dump main body, checking and repairing facilities of a drainage ditch, an energy dissipation dust sand pool and a stone blocking dam to ensure smooth drainage, safety and stability of the waste dump;

(2) and trench-punching and backfilling: after the waste dump is closed, the waste dump is eroded by rainfall runoff, and the trench needs to be backfilled and leveled before vegetation is restored;

(3) protection of the soil discharge slope: the soil discharge slope surface adopts bamboo fences and ecological bag horizontal step slope protection, and the slope surface is divided to form micro-terrains;

(4) and in-situ improvement: scattering the prepared improved material on the surface of a waste dump, and carrying out loosening and raking mixing;

(5) and in-situ greening: planting arbor species in the improved soil layer according to the spacing of 2-4 m; spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle, and performing shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer; after the shallow layer consolidation is finished, spreading straw on the surface for covering;

(6) and maintenance management: comprises the steps of reseeding, seedling supplementing, fertilizing and pest control.

Furthermore, after the gully is backfilled, the new slope surface line and the gully opening are tamped to the foundation, the vegetation needs to be backfilled and leveled before recovery, and the original V-shaped gully can be smoothly connected with the peripheral slope surface by adopting top cutting backfill and slope following accumulation along the edge of the gully top.

Furthermore, ecological bags are horizontally arranged on the slope protection step along the slope feet on the rammed foundation, the long sides of the ecological bags are piled up along the slope feet in a staggered joint mode, the height is 24-60cm, wood piles are used for reinforcing every 2-5m, the wood piles penetrate through the centers of the ecological bags and enter the rammed foundation, and the tops of the wood piles are flush with the top second layer of ecological bags.

Furthermore, after the slope surface protection measures are finished, an in-situ improvement layer is formed, the prepared improvement material is scattered on the surface of the waste dump, and the soil is subjected to loosening and harrowing mixing, wherein the harrowing depth is 10-20 cm.

Further, in-situ greening: firstly, planting arbor tree species on the inner side of a bamboo fence and an ecological bag horizontal-step protection slope according to the spacing of 2-4m of the plant spacing after weathering rock soil on the surface of a refuse dump is improved; and then spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle, carrying out shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer, and finally, spreading straw on the surface to cover after the shallow consolidation layer is consolidated to form a crop straw covering layer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) on the basis of scientifically determining the plant types and reasonably configuring, the vegetation recovery method can basically meet the vegetation recovery of aggregate mine refuse dumps in arid and semi-arid regions, warm and warm zones, subtropical regions and most regions of the tropical zone in China, for example, measures such as reasonably increasing anti-seepage isolation, pollution control and the like, and can also meet the vegetation recovery of special fields such as nonferrous metal mine spoil yards, refuse landfills and the like;

(2) in arid and semi-arid regions, the waste dump can be recovered into a composite forest plant community combining arbor, shrub and grass, and the vegetation coverage is between 85 and 95 percent, wherein the vegetation coverage is between 60 and 80 percent;

(3) the vegetation recovery effect of the invention is superior to natural sealing and planting and foreign soil afforestation, and the cost can be reduced by about 20-35% compared with slurry spray seeding and foreign soil spray seeding on the premise of the same recovery effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:

the invention provides a building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method, which effectively improves the soil structure of a grass-shrub plant root system layer and ensures the healthy growth of the grass-shrub plant by scattering and covering an improvement material and turning, mixing and improving; by arranging slope surface protection measures, the stability of the dumping slope surface is improved, meanwhile, the soil improvement depth is deepened inside the slope protection measures, the water storage and moisture preservation efficiency is enhanced, and the habitat condition suitable for the growth of trees is built so as to improve and promote the overall vegetation recovery effect of the dumping field; the erosion resistance of the surface layer of the refuse dump at the initial stage of vegetation recovery is enhanced through hydraulic spray seeding surface layer consolidation, and nutrition loss and plant seed and seedling damage required by vegetation recovery caused by water and soil loss are effectively prevented; plant straws are covered on the surface layer, so that a new way for comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes is developed, the water retention and soil moisture preservation capability of the surface layer at the initial stage of vegetation recovery is further enhanced, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of the artificially reconstructed vegetation are improved.

Step1 repairing facilities

After the waste dump is closed, facilities such as a drainage ditch, an energy dissipation dust and sand pool, a stone blocking dam and the like need to be checked and repaired according to the design requirements of the waste dump main body, so that smooth drainage and safety and stability of the waste dump are ensured. And mechanically covering soil on the surface layer of the dump, wherein the soil source is slope soil or surface soil which is mined, stripped and independently piled, and the thickness of the covered soil is 10-30 cm according to the quantity of the soil source. According to the dumping sequence designed by the dumping field, the top dumping is of strongly weathered rock soil and a fourth loose accumulation, and soil covering is not needed.

Step2 gully backfilling

After the waste dump is closed, the waste dump is eroded by rainfall runoff, V-shaped gullies are formed at the middle lower part of a side slope mostly, as shown in figure 1, an original waste dump slope surface line 101, a V-shaped gully erosion area 102, a V-shaped gully bottom line 103, a gully backfill excavation area 104, a gully backfill area 105, a gully backfill new slope surface line 106 and a gully opening tamping foundation 107 are needed after the gully backfill, the gully is required to be backfilled and leveled before vegetation recovery, and top cutting backfill and downslope accumulation are adopted along the edge of the gully top, so that the original V-shaped gully can be in round connection with the peripheral slope.

Step3 protection of soil discharge slope

The soil discharge slope surface adopts bamboo fences and ecological bag horizontal step slope protection to divide the slope surface to form micro-landforms, the blocking and storing functions of slope protection measures are fully exerted, the erosion of slope runoff on the slope surface is relieved, the thickness and water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity of soil bodies inside the bamboo fences and the ecological horizontal step are enhanced, and favorable micro-landforms are provided for later-stage arbor seedling planting.

As shown in figure 2, the bamboo fence slope protection, the bamboo fence 201 column uses the log pile 202 with the diameter of 5-8cm and the length of 60-100cm, the weaving strip uses the bamboo strip with the width of 3-5cm or the poplar willow strip with the width of 2-3cm, the branch and the like, and the local materials are preferentially used. The original wood piles 202 are arranged along contour lines, the distance is 30-50cm, the height of the bamboo fence is 30-40cm, the depth of the soil is 50% -60% of the height of the original wood piles 202, the wood piles are fixed in a cross weaving mode through weaving strips in a warp and weft weaving mode, the inner side of the bamboo fence is filled with an improved soil layer, the soil filling is level with the top of the fence, and therefore the later-stage arbor nursery stock planting is facilitated.

Ecological bag horizontal step slope protection, and the ecological bag 203 is arranged along the slope foot on the tamping basis to achieve the effect of protecting the slope foot by using a new earth filling side enclosure, wherein the ecological bag 203 is sewn by adopting 110-plus 135g/m2 polyester filament needle-punched non-woven geotextile, and the specification after filling is 12-15cm 30-35cm 65-70 cm; stacking the long edges of the ecological bags 203 along the staggered joints of the slope feet, wherein the height is 24-60cm (2-4 layers), reinforcing the ecological bags every 2-5m by adopting a wood pile, penetrating the centers of the ecological bags 203 into a tamped foundation by the wood pile, wherein the wood pile adopts a log pile 202 with the diameter of 4-10cm and the length is 40-100cm, the top of the wood pile is flush with the top of the second ecological bag 203, the ecological bag 203 at the top layer is ensured not to be penetrated by the wood pile, and the tearing and weathering of the ecological bag 203 are prevented;

the ecological bag 203 is filled with the improved soil and plant seeds, and the mass ratio of the soil after filling and improving is as follows: 85-95% of weathered rock soil, 5-10% of organic fertilizer, 1-2% of rice chaff, 0.1-0.3% of compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.5% of water-retaining agent; wherein the stone content of the weathered rock soil is less than 5%, and the maximum particle size is less than 5 cm; the plant seeds are selected from single or mixed grass seeds, 10-15g of the plant seeds are mixed in each ecological bag 203, one or more of festuca arundinacea, wild cattle grass, elymus, bluegrass and paddock is selected in the semi-arid area and the cold temperate zone of the arid area, and one or more of festuca arundinacea, rye, bermuda grass, paspalum natans and bluegrass is selected in the warm temperate zone, the subtropical zone and the tropical zone.

Step4 in-situ modification

As shown in fig. 3, after the slope surface protection measures are finished, an in-situ improvement layer 301 is formed, the prepared mixed improvement material is spread on the surface 303 of a waste dump, and the soil is subjected to loosening and raking mixing, wherein the rake turning depth is 10-20 cm; the improved material is formed by mixing various materials in inorganic, organic and biochemical improved materials, and the average dosage per square meter of the mixed improved material is as follows:

inorganic modifier: 50-200g of bentonite, 100g of vermiculite, 100g of perlite, 300g of perlite and 100g of rock wool;

organic modifier: 600g of coconut husk 200-;

biochemical modifying agent: 50-150g of hydrophilic water-absorbing polyurethane foam particles, 50-200g of water-retaining agent, 30-50g of compound fertilizer, 5-15g of microbial soil improver and 5-15g of biological fermentation inoculant.

Step5 in-situ greening

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, after weathering rock soil improvement is carried out on the surface 303 of a waste dump, arbor tree species (evergreen arbor 204 and fallen leaf arbor 205) are planted on an improved soil layer on the inner side of a horizontal-step protection slope of a bamboo fence and an ecological bag according to the spacing of 2-4m, 3-8 kinds of the tree species are selected, coniferous broad leaves and fallen leaf evergreen mixed seedlings are planted in a container seedling specification of 2-3 years, and seedlings are planted before rainy seasons. Randomly arranging and planting shrub seedlings 206 on the slope, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 2-5m, and selecting 1-2-year-old container seedlings.

In arid and semiarid and cold temperate regions, the types of arbor trees are preferably selected: arborvitae, pinus sylvestris, pinus tabulaeformis, ulmus pumila, robinia pseudoacacia, goldenrain tree, paper mulberry, white wax, ailanthus altissima, willow and the like; shrubs: caragana microphylla, sea buckthorn, amorpha fruticosa, loblolly tree, berberis pruinosa, fructus forsythiae, winter jasmine, rosa davurica and the like;

in warm temperate zones, subtropical zones and tropical regions, the types of arbor trees are preferably selected: black pine, slash pine, loblolly pine, Chinese red pine, camphor, cyclobalanopsis glauca, chinquapin, chinaberry, pistacia chinensis, ailanthus altissima, quercus acutissima, drynaria, anyou, fat bull, casuarina equisetifolia and the like; shrubs: rhus chinensis Mill, Ligustrum lucidum ait, pittosporum tobira, Yunnan yellow jasmine, photinia fraseri, negundo chastetree, spiraea crispa, Japanese datura, pyracantha fortuneana, rhododendron and the like.

Then, spraying the bonding slurry containing the mixed grass and shrub seeds by using a spray seeding vehicle to disturb the grass and shrub seedsThe superficial layer is solidified, and the superficial layer solidified layer 302 is used for improving the water retention and soil moisture conservation capability. According to the proportion of each 100 square meters, 0.5-2kg of hydrated lime, 3-5kg of waste newspaper scraps, 3-8kg of adhesive, 1.5-2.5kg of mixed grass seeds and 6-8m of water are used³Preparing mixed slurry, and selecting drought-tolerant barren-tolerant flower, grass and shrub seeds as plant seeds.

In arid and semiarid and cold temperate zones, shrub seeds are preferably selected: 50-200g of acacia, 50-2g00 g of amorpha fruticosa, 300g of vitex negundo linn, 100g of caragana microphylla, 100g of corolla parviflora, 100g of vitex negundo linn, 100g of prunus armeniaca, 500g of prunus armeniaca, 100 g-2 g of rhus typhina, 300g of elyta amurensis linn, 100g of poa pratensis, 100g of festuca arundinacea, 300g of alfalfa, 25-100g of coreopsis tinctoria and the like.

In warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone, the seeds of grass irrigation are preferably selected: 25-150g of acacia, 25-100g of amorpha fruticosa, 25-150g of hippophae rhamnoides, 50-250g of lespedeza pedeza, 100g of negundo chastetree fruit, 50-105g of common floweringquince herb, 100g of cassia tora, 100g of rhus chinensis, 300g of paper mulberry, 50-150g of albizia julibrissin, 100g of festuca arundinacea, 50-150g of rye, 50-250g of alfalfa, 25-100g of coreopsis tinctoria, 25-100g of evening primrose and the like.

And finally, after the shallow bonding layer 302 is bonded, straw such as rice straws and wheat straws is paved on the surface of the shallow bonding layer to cover the shallow bonding layer to form a crop straw covering layer 304, the amount of the straw per 100 square meters is 50-200kg, the straw is sparse and naturally staggered to form a net shape, the effects of heat preservation, moisture preservation and scouring prevention are realized, a warm and humid environment suitable for microbial activities is created, the improvement of shallow soil is accelerated, and effective nutrients can be provided for slope plants after the straw is degraded.

Step6 maintenance management

The later maintenance management period is a complete growing season, and the main contents are reseeding, seedling supplementing, fertilizing, pest control and the like. The method fully utilizes local rainfall weather, and carries out seeding and seedling supplementing according to the seedling emergence condition and the survival rate of the nursery stock, wherein 3-5g of compound fertilizer is applied per square meter in spring, and 5-10g of additional fertilizer is applied per square meter in autumn. Watering and moistening by a watering cart are needed in continuous drought, so that the growth of seedlings is promoted, and the preservation rate of the seedlings is improved.