阅读说明：本技术 一种螺旋式开沟混肥装置 (Spiral ditching fertilizer mixing device ) 是由 朱新华 李旭东 臧家俊 赵伟 伏胜康 魏玉强 郭文川 于 2019-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种螺旋式开沟混肥装置,属于农业机械装备领域。一种螺旋式开沟混肥装置至少包含液压马达、传动箱、空心轴、开沟混肥器。开沟混肥器至少包含刀轴、螺旋开沟刀、出肥口。该螺旋式开沟混肥装置采用管轴结构,排肥管道与开沟混肥器集于一体,能一体化完成开沟、排肥和肥、土混合作业,适用于有机肥料和化学肥料,促进肥效在施肥沟内全层释放,提高肥效。(The invention discloses a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device, and belongs to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment. A spiral ditching fertilizer mixing device at least comprises a hydraulic motor, a transmission case, a hollow shaft and a ditching fertilizer mixer. The ditching fertilizer mixer at least comprises a cutter shaft, a spiral ditching cutter and a fertilizer outlet. This spiral ditching mixes fertile device adopts the hollow shaft structure, and the fertile pipeline of row collects in an organic whole with ditching fertilizer mixer, can integrate and accomplish ditching, arrange fertile and fertile, soil mixing operation, is applicable to organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, promotes the fertilizer efficiency and in the fertilizer application ditch full-thickness release, improves the fertilizer efficiency.)

1. A spiral ditching fertilizer mixing device is characterized by at least comprising a transmission case (12), a hollow shaft (2) and a ditching fertilizer mixer (20);

the upper plate (4) and the lower plate (6) of the transmission case (12) are respectively provided with a bearing seat (3), and a pair of tapered roller bearings (16) and a pair of deep groove ball bearings (15) are symmetrically arranged in the two bearing seats (3) and are used for axially and radially fixing the hollow shaft (2);

the hollow shaft (2) is of a tubular shaft structure and is vertically installed; the hollow shaft (2) is used as a fertilizer falling channel, and the inner diameter size of the hollow shaft is at least 5 times of the particle size of granular fertilizer and powdery fertilizer and 2 times of the maximum size of block fertilizer; the upper end of the hollow shaft (2) is provided with a fertilizer inlet (1) which is connected with a fertilizer box and a fertilizer discharging mechanism; a driven gear (5) is arranged on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft (2) and is positioned in the middle of the two bearing seats (3);

the driven gear (5) is in meshed transmission with the driving gear (14), and the driven gear and the driving gear are both positioned in the transmission case (12); the driving gear (14) is directly driven by a hydraulic motor (13) to further drive the hollow shaft (2); the lower end of the hollow shaft (2) is connected with a ditching fertilizer mixer (20) through a flange plate (11) and a bolt group (10);

the ditching fertilizer mixer (20) at least comprises a cutter shaft (8) and a spiral ditching cutter (9) arranged along the cutter shaft (8); the cutter shaft (8) is of a pipe shaft structure, the cutter shaft channel (18) is used as a fertilizer discharging channel, the inner diameter size of the cutter shaft channel is not smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow shaft (2), and the cutter shaft channel is concentrically aligned with the hollow shaft (2); the lower end of the cutter shaft (8) is provided with a pair of fertilizer outlets (19), the upper edge of each fertilizer outlet (19) is bounded by the lower spiral surface of the spiral ditching cutter (9), and notches are cut at the lower end of the cutter shaft (8) at the left side and the right side; a cone (21) is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer outlet (19), the cone (21) comprises two conical surfaces, the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface are concentric, the conical top of the upper conical surface faces upwards, the conical top of the lower conical surface faces downwards, and the conical tops are concentrically welded with the bottom end of the cutter shaft channel (18) and the bottom end of the spiral ditching cutter (9); the cone (21) and the cutter shaft channel (18) form a fertilizer outlet (19).

2. A spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor (13) is adjustable, so as to control the ditching advancing speed of the ditching and fertilizer mixing device (20) and adjust the fertilizer mixing effect.

3. A spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device according to claim 1, wherein a soil retaining cover (7) is installed at the joint of the flange (11) and the ditching and fertilizer mixing device (20), and is in the shape of an annular flange and sleeved on the upper part of the ditching and fertilizer mixing device (20).

4. A spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device according to claim 1, wherein the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device adapts to the operation requirements of different ditching widths, maximum ditching depths and fertilizer mixing degrees by configuring a plurality of ditching and fertilizer mixing devices (20) with different specifications; the ditching fertilizer mixer (20) is replaced by the flange (22) and the bolt group (10).

5. The spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device of claim 1, wherein the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device is suitable for organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers; the organic fertilizer comprises commercial organic fertilizer and farmyard manure.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device, belongs to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to the field of orchard fertilizing machinery.

Technical Field

In the mechanical fertilization process, fertilizer needs to be applied to a fertilizer ditch with a certain depth. Particularly, in ditching and fertilizing of an orchard, the ditching and fertilizing machine has three defects. One is, the sectional type is adopted in ditching and fertilization, namely, mechanical ditching, artifical fertilization, it is with low costs efficient. Secondly, a few ditching and fertilizing machines can integrally complete ditching and fertilizing, but a ditching component is separated from a fertilizer pipe, a ditcher is arranged in front of the fertilizer pipe, the fertilizer pipe is arranged behind the ditcher, the structure is complex, and synchronous fertilizer mixing cannot be realized; the fertilizer is buried at the bottom of the ditch and cannot be mixed with soil, so that the fertilizer efficiency is low and slow; thirdly, the prior integrated ditching and fertilizing machine has small fertilizer box, thinner fertilizer discharging pipe, smaller loading capacity and fertilizer discharging capacity, can only adapt to chemical fertilizer, but can not adapt to the operation with higher fertilizer application amount such as farmyard manure and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: discloses a spiral ditching fertilizer mixing device, can integrate and accomplish ditching, arrange fertile and fertilize the mixture of interior fertilizer, soil of ditch, improve the fertilizer efficiency, be applicable to orchard ditching fertilizer mixing operation.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the problems of low operating efficiency, low fertilizer efficiency, slow fertilizer efficiency, complex structure and small fertilizer application amount of the traditional ditching and fertilizing machine are solved.

In order to solve the technical problem to be solved by the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a spiral ditching fertilizer mixing device at least comprises a transmission case 12, a hollow shaft 2 and a ditching fertilizer mixer 20.

The upper plate 4 and the lower plate 6 of the transmission case 12 are respectively provided with a bearing seat 3, and a pair of tapered roller bearings 16 and a pair of deep groove ball bearings 15 are symmetrically arranged in the two bearing seats 3 and used for axially and radially fixing the hollow shaft 2.

The hollow shaft 2 is of a tubular shaft structure and is vertically installed; the hollow shaft 2 is used as a fertilizer falling channel, and the inner diameter size of the hollow shaft at least reaches 5 times of the particle size of granular fertilizer and powdery fertilizer and 2 times of the maximum size of block fertilizer; the upper end of the hollow shaft 2 is provided with a fertilizer inlet 1 which is connected with a fertilizer box and a fertilizer discharging mechanism; the outer circumference of the hollow shaft 2 is provided with a driven gear 5 which is positioned in the middle of the two bearing seats 3.

The driven gear 5 is in meshed transmission with the driving gear 14, and both are positioned in the transmission case 12; the driving gear 14 is directly driven by a hydraulic motor 13, so as to drive the hollow shaft 2; the lower end of the hollow shaft 2 is connected with a ditching fertilizer mixer 20 through a flange plate 11 and a bolt group 10; the flange 22 at least comprises a flange plate 11, a flange sleeve 23 and a through hole 17, and the flange sleeve 23 is sleeved at the lower end of the hollow shaft 2 in an interference connection mode; the through hole 17 in the middle of the flange plate 11 is a circular hole, the aperture of the through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 2, and the through hole is concentrically aligned with the hollow shaft 2, so that a fertilizer feeding channel is ensured to be smooth; the vertical distance from the upper end surface of the hollow shaft 2 to the joint of the flange plate 11 is not more than the height of the main branch of the fruit tree from the ground.

The ditching fertilizer mixer 20 at least comprises a cutter shaft 8 and a spiral ditching cutter 9 arranged along the cutter shaft 8; the cutter shaft 8 is of a pipe shaft structure, the cutter shaft channel 18 is used as a fertilizer discharging channel, the inner diameter of the cutter shaft channel is not smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 2, and the cutter shaft channel is concentrically aligned with the hollow shaft 2; the lower end of the cutter shaft 8 is provided with a pair of fertilizer outlets 19, the upper edge of each fertilizer outlet 19 is bounded by the lower spiral surface of the spiral ditching cutter 9, and notches are cut at the lower end of the cutter shaft 8 at the left side and the right side; a cone 21 is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer outlet 19, the cone 21 comprises two conical surfaces, the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface are concentric, the conical top of the upper conical surface is upward, the conical top of the lower conical surface is downward, and the cone 21 is concentrically welded with the bottom end of the cutter shaft channel 18 and the bottom end of the spiral ditching cutter 9; the cone 21 and the knife shaft channel 18 form a fertilizer outlet 19.

The rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 13 is adjustable, so that the ditching advancing speed of the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 is controlled and the fertilizer mixing effect is adjusted.

The joint of the flange plate 11 and the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 is provided with a soil retaining cover 7 which is in an annular convex disc shape and is sleeved on the upper part of the ditching fertilizer mixer 20, the soil retaining cover can move along the ground surface during working, the soil lifted to the ground surface by the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 can be limited to be scattered all around, and meanwhile, the ground surface after operation is leveled.

The spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device adapts to the operation requirements of different ditching widths, the maximum ditching depth and the fertilizer mixing degree by configuring a plurality of ditching and fertilizer mixing devices 20 with different specifications; the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 is replaced by the flange 22 and the bolt set 10.

The spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device is suitable for organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers; the organic fertilizer comprises commercial organic fertilizer and farmyard manure.

A spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device has the following working principle:

the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device can solve the problems of low operating efficiency, low fertilizer efficiency, slow fertilizer efficiency, complex structure and small fertilizer application amount of the traditional ditching and fertilizer applying machinery. Realize the integration of ditching, fertilizer discharging and fertilizer mixing. The specific process and the working principle are expressed as follows:

this spiral ditching mixes fertile device when carrying out ditching and mixes fertile operation, the ditching is mixed fertile ware and is submerged below the earth's surface, the rotatory operation of hydraulic motor drive ditching mixed fertile ware, rotatory ditching mixed fertile ware cuts the soil layer of operation the place ahead, the soil after the cutting carries out axial promotion and circumferential transfer along the arbor, after soil is shifted the slot of earth's surface and operation rear, thereby the ditching mixed fertile ware can advance the operation and accomplish continuous ditching operation. Meanwhile, fertilizer from the fertilizer box and the fertilizer discharging mechanism enters the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device through the fertilizer inlet, falls to the fertilizer outlet of the ditching and fertilizer mixing device through the hollow shaft, the through hole in the middle of the flange plate and the cutter shaft channel, is thrown out by centrifugal force operation and enters the bottom of the ditched ditch, and fertilizer discharging operation is completed. The part of fertilizer discharged to the bottom of the ditch is lifted along the axial direction of the cutter shaft under the rotating action of the spiral ditching cutter, so that the distribution gradient of the fertilizer in the ditch depth direction is increased, the spatial distribution uniformity of the fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch is enhanced, in addition, the fertilizer and the soil can be mixed under the rotating stirring action of the spiral ditching cutter, the mixing uniformity of the fertilizer and the soil is enhanced, the fertilizer efficiency is fully released, and the fertilizer mixing operation is completed. The soil retaining cover which advances along the earth surface can limit the soil lifted to the earth surface by the ditching and fertilizer mixing device to be scattered all around, and meanwhile, the earth surface after operation is leveled. The device can realize the integrated operation of ditching, fertilizer discharging and fertilizer mixing.

The beneficial technical effects are as follows:

the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device can realize integrated operation of ditching, fertilizer discharging and fertilizer mixing, and has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the method can be suitable for linear ditching and fertilizer mixing operation and curve ditching and fertilizer mixing operation, and can apply the fertilizer to the projection margin of the crown with the most dense absorbed root distribution of the fruit tree.

2. Under the rotation, lifting and stirring effects of the spiral ditching cutter, the fertilizer discharged to the bottom of the ditch can be lifted to enlarge the distribution gradient of the fertilizer in the ditch depth direction and realize uniform mixing of the fertilizer and soil, and the problem of low fertilizer efficiency caused by accumulation of the fertilizer at the bottom of the fertilizer ditch in the traditional fertilizer applying mode is solved.

3. The ditching and fertilizer mixing device adopts a pipe shaft structure, a ditching component and a fertilizer discharging pipeline are integrated, integrated operation of ditching, fertilizer discharging and fertilizer mixing can be realized, the operation efficiency is high, and the structure is compact.

4. The fertilizer discharge pipeline has large size, meets the operation with larger requirement on the fertilizer application amount of farmyard manure and the like, has strong fertilizer adaptability, and has important significance for green development of agriculture and quality and efficiency improvement of fruit industry.

5. The ditching fertilizer mixer 20 with different specifications can meet the operation requirements of different ditching widths, the maximum ditching depth and the fertilizer mixing degree.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a left front view of a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device.

Fig. 2 is a right rear view of a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device.

Fig. 3 is a front full sectional view of a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device.

FIG. 4 is a left rear partial sectional view of a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device.

Fig. 5 is a structural view of the transmission case.

Fig. 6 is a view showing a structure of a flange.

FIG. 7 is a view of the construction of the ditching fertilizer mixer.

Fig. 8 is a structure view of the retaining cover.

FIG. 9 is a cone structure view.

Reference numerals:

1. the fertilizer inlet 2, the hollow shaft 3, the bearing seat 4, the upper plate 5, the driven gear 6, the lower plate 7, the soil retaining cover 8, the cutter shaft 9, the spiral ditching cutter 10, the bolt group 11, the flange 12, the transmission case 13, the hydraulic motor 14, the driving gear 15, the deep groove ball bearing 16, the conical roller bearing 17, the through hole 18, the cutter shaft channel 19, the fertilizer outlet 20, the ditching fertilizer mixer 21, the cone 22, the flange 23 and the flange sleeve.

Detailed Description

A specific implementation structure scheme of a spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device is as follows:

as shown in figure 4, the screw type ditching and fertilizer mixing device at least comprises a transmission case 12, a hollow shaft 2 and a ditching and fertilizer mixing device 20.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 5, the upper plate 4 and the lower plate 6 of the transmission case 12 are respectively provided with a bearing seat 3, and a pair of tapered roller bearings 16 and a pair of deep groove ball bearings 15 are symmetrically arranged in the two bearing seats 3 for axially and radially fixing the hollow shaft 2.

As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the hollow shaft 2 is of a tubular shaft structure and is vertically installed; the hollow shaft 2 is used as a fertilizer falling channel, and the inner diameter size of the hollow shaft is at least 10 cm; the upper end of the hollow shaft 2 is provided with a fertilizer inlet 1 which is connected with a fertilizer box and a fertilizer discharging mechanism; the outer circumference of the hollow shaft 2 is provided with a driven gear 5 which is positioned in the middle of the two bearing seats 3.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the driven gear 5 is in mesh transmission with the driving gear 14, and both are located in the transmission case 12; the driving gear 14 is directly driven by a hydraulic motor 13, so as to drive the hollow shaft 2; the lower end of the hollow shaft 2 is connected with a ditching fertilizer mixer 20 through a flange plate 11 and a bolt group 10; the flange 22 at least comprises a flange plate 11, a flange sleeve 23 and a through hole 17, and the flange sleeve 23 is sleeved at the lower end of the hollow shaft 2 in an interference connection mode; the through hole 17 in the middle of the flange plate 11 is a circular hole, the aperture of the through hole is the same as the inner diameter of the hollow shaft 2, and the through hole is concentrically aligned with the hollow shaft 2, so that a fertilizer feeding channel is ensured to be smooth; the vertical distance from the upper end surface of the hollow shaft 2 to the joint of the flange plate 11 is not more than 50 cm.

As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the furrowing fertilizer mixer 20 at least comprises a cutter shaft 8 and a spiral furrowing blade 9 arranged along the cutter shaft 8; the spiral ditching cutter 9 is of a double-spiral structure; the cutter shaft 8 is of a pipe shaft structure, the cutter shaft channel 18 is used as a fertilizer discharging channel, the inner diameter size of the cutter shaft channel is equal to that of the hollow shaft 2, and the cutter shaft channel is concentrically aligned with the hollow shaft 2; the lower end of the cutter shaft 8 is provided with a pair of fertilizer outlets 19, the upper edge of each fertilizer outlet 19 is bounded by the lower spiral surface of the spiral ditching cutter 9, and notches are cut at the lower end of the cutter shaft 8 at the left side and the right side; a cone 21 is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer outlet 19, the cone 21 comprises two conical surfaces, the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface are concentric, the conical top of the upper conical surface is upward, the conical top of the lower conical surface is downward, and the cone 21 is concentrically welded with the bottom end of the cutter shaft channel 18 and the bottom end of the spiral ditching cutter 9; the cone 21 and the knife shaft channel 18 form a fertilizer outlet 19.

As shown in fig. 4, the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor 13 can be adjusted, so as to control the ditching advancing speed of the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 and adjust the fertilizer mixing effect.

As shown in fig. 4 and 8, a soil guard 7 is installed at the joint of the flange 11 and the ditching fertilizer mixer 20, is in the shape of an annular flange, is sleeved on the ditching fertilizer mixer 20, moves close to the ground surface during operation, can limit the soil lifted to the ground surface by the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 from being scattered all around, and can level the ground surface after operation.

As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device adapts to the operation requirements of different ditching widths, maximum ditching depths and fertilizer mixing degrees by configuring a plurality of ditching and fertilizer mixing devices 20 with different specifications; the ditching fertilizer mixer 20 is replaced by the flange 22 and the bolt set 10.

The spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device is suitable for organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers; the organic fertilizer comprises commercial organic fertilizer and farmyard manure.

Further explaining the working principle of the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device provided by the invention:

this spiral ditching mixes fertile device when carrying out ditching and mixes fertile operation, the ditching is mixed fertile ware and is submerged below the earth's surface, the rotatory operation of hydraulic motor drive ditching mixed fertile ware, rotatory ditching mixed fertile ware cuts the soil layer of operation the place ahead, the soil after the cutting carries out axial promotion and circumferential transfer along the arbor, after soil is shifted the slot of earth's surface and operation rear, thereby the ditching mixed fertile ware can advance the operation and accomplish continuous ditching operation. Meanwhile, fertilizer from the fertilizer box and the fertilizer discharging mechanism enters the spiral ditching and fertilizer mixing device through the fertilizer inlet, falls to the fertilizer outlet of the ditching and fertilizer mixing device through the hollow shaft, the through hole in the middle of the flange plate and the cutter shaft channel, is thrown out by centrifugal force operation and enters the bottom of the ditched ditch, and fertilizer discharging operation is completed. The part of fertilizer discharged to the bottom of the ditch is lifted along the axial direction of the cutter shaft under the rotating action of the spiral ditching cutter, so that the distribution gradient of the fertilizer in the ditch depth direction is increased, the spatial distribution uniformity of the fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch is enhanced, in addition, the fertilizer and the soil can be mixed under the rotating stirring action of the spiral ditching cutter, the mixing uniformity of the fertilizer and the soil is enhanced, the fertilizer efficiency is fully released, and the fertilizer mixing operation is completed. The soil retaining cover which advances along the earth surface can limit the soil lifted to the earth surface by the ditching and fertilizer mixing device to be scattered all around, and meanwhile, the earth surface after operation is leveled. The device can realize the integrated operation of ditching, fertilizer discharging and fertilizer mixing.