阅读说明：本技术 一种金属粉末3d打印设备 (Metal powder 3D printing apparatus ) 是由 王君 周红军 杨智勇 楼光宇 曾顺麒 张慧敏 李书廷 何红秀 任前程 陈俊杰 程 于 2019-11-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种金属粉末3D打印设备,包括机架、激光成型系统、激光烧结系统和平台升降系统；激光成型系统包括成型底板、成型中板、成型上板、成型腔、预热腔、预热装置和铺粉装置,所述成型腔和预热腔并列安装在成型上板和成型底板之间,并且成型腔和预热腔的顶部开口与成型上板顶部相平,成型腔和预热腔内均设有活塞和驱动活塞上下运动的动力装置,预热装置设于预热腔上方的成型外壳上,用于对预热腔内的金属粉末进行预热,铺粉装置设于成型外壳上,用于将预热腔内金属粉末均匀铺洒在成型腔内,激光烧结系统安装于成型腔上方的机架上,用于对成型腔内粉末烧结成型。本发明结构紧凑,烧结过程中效率高,烧结温度均衡,产品质量均一性好。(The invention discloses metal powder 3D printing equipment which comprises a rack, a laser forming system, a laser sintering system and a platform lifting system, wherein the rack is provided with a laser forming system; the laser forming system comprises a forming bottom plate, a forming middle plate, a forming upper plate, a forming cavity, a preheating device and a powder laying device, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are arranged between the forming upper plate and the forming bottom plate in parallel, the top opening of the forming cavity and the preheating cavity is level to the top of the forming upper plate, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are respectively provided with a piston and a power device for driving the piston to move up and down, the preheating device is arranged on a forming shell above the preheating cavity and used for preheating metal powder in the preheating cavity, the powder laying device is arranged on the forming shell and used for uniformly laying and sprinkling the metal powder in the preheating cavity in the forming cavity, and the laser sintering system is arranged on a rack above the forming cavity and used for sintering and forming powder in the forming cavity. The invention has compact structure, high efficiency in the sintering process, balanced sintering temperature and good product quality uniformity.)

1. The utility model provides a metal powder 3D printing apparatus which characterized in that: the laser sintering device comprises a rack, a laser forming system arranged in the middle of the rack, a laser sintering system arranged on the upper part of the rack and a platform lifting system for driving the laser forming system to lift;

the laser forming system comprises a forming bottom plate, a forming middle plate, a forming upper plate, a forming cavity, a preheating device and a powder spreading device, the forming bottom plate, the forming middle plate and the forming upper plate are fixedly installed through the forming shell from bottom to top in sequence, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are installed between the forming upper plate and the forming bottom plate in parallel, the top openings of the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are parallel to the top of the forming upper plate, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are internally provided with a piston and a power device for driving the piston to move up and down, the preheating device is arranged on the forming shell above the preheating cavity, used for preheating the metal powder in the preheating cavity, the powder laying device is arranged on a forming shell on the forming upper plate, the laser sintering system is arranged on the machine frame above the forming cavity and used for sintering and forming powder in the forming cavity.

2. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: platform operating system is including spreading powder platform support frame, base, a plurality of lead screw, with every lead screw matched with screw-nut and the rotatory motor of drive lead screw, the base is fixed in the frame bottom, both ends top all is installed on frame top and base through bearing about the lead screw, screw-nut is fixed in on spreading powder platform support frame and with corresponding lead screw cooperation installation, forming bottom plate is fixed in on spreading powder platform support frame, and is rotatory through the motor drive lead screw to the laser forming system up-and-down motion on driving spread powder platform support frame and on it accomplishes the vertical distance between laser forming system and the laser sintering system and adjusts.

3. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the four screw rods of the platform lifting system are divided into two groups and driven by two motors, the two screw rods of each group are connected with a synchronous belt tensioning mechanism through a synchronous belt, and one screw rod is connected with a corresponding motor through a synchronous belt and a synchronous belt pulley in a power transmission manner.

4. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the forming shell is provided with a preheating window corresponding to the position of the preheating device, and the preheating window is made of heat-insulating transparent materials; and forming windows are respectively arranged on the forming shell at positions corresponding to the top of the forming cavity and the top of the preheating cavity, and the forming windows are transparent doors capable of being opened.

5. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: and the upper molding plates on the periphery of the molding cavity and the preheating cavity are provided with recovery grooves for recovering redundant metal powder in the powder paving process, and the bottom of each recovery groove is provided with a corresponding recovery shell for bearing the metal powder.

6. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: spread the powder device and include the fixed plate, spread the powder roller and spread the powder roller motor, spread the powder roller both ends and pass through the bearing and install on the fixed plate, it is rotatory that spread the powder roller motor and be used for the drive to spread the powder roller, the fixed plate bottom of spreading powder roller one side is equipped with the scraper blade that is used for scraping metal powder, spread the powder device through spreading the drive of powder telecontrol equipment, become the die cavity on the shaping upper plate and preheat the back and forth movement between the chamber to accomplish and spread the powder function.

7. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: spread powder telecontrol equipment including spreading powder motion shell, shop's powder lead screw, shop's powder motion piece, shop's powder motion polished rod and shop's powder motor, shop's powder motion shell is fixed in on the shaping shell of shaping upper plate top, shop's powder lead screw both ends are installed in shop's powder motion shell through the bearing is horizontal, shop's powder motion polished rod is parallel with shop's powder lead screw and is installed in shop's powder motion shell, shop's powder motion piece still is equipped with the cooperation and installs the screw-nut on shop's powder lead screw through the vice suit of slip on shop's powder motion polished rod in the shop's powder motion piece, shop's powder lead screw is connected with shop's powder motor shaft, be equipped with the shop's powder roller connecting plate that is used for installing the fixed plate on.

8. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: preheating device is including preheating the motor, preheating the polished rod, preheating the lead screw, preheating the fixed block, preheating the lamp fixed plate, preheating screw-nut and preheating the lamp, the motor is fixed in top in the forming shell through preheating the motor support in preheating, it is fixed in the forming shell top to preheat the fixed block, preheat the lead screw and pass through the bearing and install on preheating the fixed block, preheat the lead screw top and pass and preheat the fixed block after and be connected with preheating the motor shaft, it has one or many to preheat the polished rod, preheats the polished rod top and fix in preheating the fixed block bottom, it installs on preheating the lead screw to preheat screw-nut screw-thread fit, preheat the lamp fixed plate and preheat the fixed plate of screw-nut and link to each other, it is continuous with one or many polished rod sliding fit that preheat the.

9. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the piston of the laser forming system consists of a plurality of piston plates and a heat insulation layer arranged between the piston plates, the power devices driving the pistons in the forming cavity and the preheating cavity to move up and down have the same structure and respectively comprise a forming screw rod, a forming screw rod nut, a motor fixing plate, a forming system motor and one or more polished rods, the upper end and the lower end of the polish rod are respectively fixedly connected with a piston plate at the bottommost part of the piston and a motor fixing plate, a polish rod shaft sleeve flange which can freely slide up and down relative to the polish rod is sleeved on the polish rod, the upper end of the forming screw rod is arranged on a piston plate at the bottommost part of the piston through a bearing and a screw rod supporting flange, the lower end of the forming screw rod is connected with a motor shaft of a forming system, the forming system motor is fixedly arranged on a motor fixing plate, the forming screw rod nut is sleeved on the forming screw rod, and the forming screw rod nut and the polished rod shaft sleeve flange are fixedly installed on the forming bottom plate.

10. The metal powder 3D printing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the laser sintering system comprises a laser head, an X-axis translation mechanism and two Y-axis translation mechanisms, the laser head is installed on an X-axis sliding block of the X-axis translation mechanism, two ends of the X-axis translation mechanism are installed on two Y-axis sliding blocks of the two Y-axis translation mechanisms respectively, and the two Y-axis translation mechanisms are installed at the top of the rack respectively.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of machine manufacturing, relates to 3D printing equipment, and particularly relates to metal powder 3D printing equipment.

Background

3D printing is also called additive manufacturing technology, and has become a mature technology after decades of development, playing an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing, wherein the metal material additive manufacturing technology has also been widely regarded and developed domestically in recent decades. The technique is to melt and deposit a metal material layer by layer in the form of spherical powder or wire through high energy velocity flow to form a structural member. Different from the traditional 'removal' type cutting machining mode, the technology carries out layer-by-layer deposition according to the 'growth' type concept, and the utilization rate of raw materials is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the design and the processing process of a large number of dies are avoided, so that the preparation period of the component is greatly shortened. As a beneficial supplement to the traditional forming mode of metal materials, the technology solves the problem that a plurality of thermal deformation preparation technologies cannot overcome.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a metal powder 3D printing device, which is used for preheating, feeding, laser forming, excess material recycling and the like of metal powder.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a metal powder 3D printing apparatus which characterized in that: the laser sintering device comprises a rack, a laser forming system arranged in the middle of the rack, a laser sintering system arranged on the upper part of the rack and a platform lifting system for driving the laser forming system to lift;

the laser forming system comprises a forming bottom plate, a forming middle plate, a forming upper plate, a forming cavity, a preheating device and a powder spreading device, the forming bottom plate, the forming middle plate and the forming upper plate are fixedly installed through the forming shell from bottom to top in sequence, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are installed between the forming upper plate and the forming bottom plate in parallel, the top openings of the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are parallel to the top of the forming upper plate, the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are internally provided with a piston and a power device for driving the piston to move up and down, the preheating device is arranged on the forming shell above the preheating cavity, used for preheating the metal powder in the preheating cavity, the powder laying device is arranged on a forming shell on the forming upper plate, the laser sintering system is arranged on the machine frame above the forming cavity and used for sintering and forming powder in the forming cavity.

Further, platform operating system is including spreading powder platform support frame, base, a plurality of lead screw, with every lead screw matched with screw-nut and the rotatory motor of drive lead screw, the base is fixed in the frame bottom, both ends top all is installed on frame top and base through support bearing about the lead screw, screw-nut is fixed in on spreading powder platform support frame and installs with corresponding lead screw cooperation, the shaping bottom plate is fixed in on spreading powder platform support frame, and is rotatory through the motor drive lead screw to drive and spread powder platform support frame and the last laser forming system up-and-down motion of last, accomplish the vertical distance between laser forming system and the laser sintering system and adjust.

Furthermore, the number of the screw rods of the platform lifting system is four, the four screw rods are divided into two groups and driven by two motors, the two screw rods of each group are connected with a synchronous belt tensioning mechanism through a synchronous belt, and one of the screw rods is connected with the corresponding motor through a synchronous belt and a synchronous belt pulley in a power transmission manner.

Furthermore, a preheating window corresponding to the position of the preheating device is arranged on the forming shell, and the preheating window is made of heat-insulating transparent materials; and forming windows are respectively arranged on the forming shell at positions corresponding to the top of the forming cavity and the top of the preheating cavity, and the forming windows are transparent doors capable of being opened.

Furthermore, the forming upper plates around the forming cavity and the preheating cavity are provided with recovery grooves for recovering redundant metal powder in the powder laying process, and the bottom of each recovery groove is provided with a corresponding recovery shell for receiving the metal powder.

Further, spread the powder device and include the fixed plate, spread the powder roller and spread the powder roller motor, spread the powder roller both ends and pass through the bearing and install on the fixed plate, it is rotatory that spread the powder roller motor and be used for the drive to spread the powder roller, the fixed plate bottom of spreading powder roller one side is equipped with the scraper blade that is used for scraping metal powder, spread the powder device and through spreading the drive of powder telecontrol equipment, become the die cavity on the shaping upper plate and preheat the back and forth movement between the die cavity to accomplish and spread the powder function.

Further, spread powder telecontrol equipment including spreading powder motion shell, spreading the powder lead screw, spreading the powder motion piece, spreading the powder motion polished rod and spread the powder motor, spread the powder motion shell and be fixed in on the shaping shell of shaping upper plate top, spread powder lead screw both ends and pass through the bearing horizontal installation in spreading the powder motion shell, spread powder motion polished rod and spread the parallel installation of powder lead screw and spread in powder motion shell, spread the powder motion piece and pass through the vice suit of slip on spreading the powder motion polished rod, still be equipped with the cooperation in spreading the powder motion piece and install the screw-nut on spreading the powder lead screw, spread the powder lead screw and be connected with spreading the powder motor shaft, be equipped with the connecting block of spreading the powder roller connecting plate that is used for installing the fixed plate and installing the powder roller motor on spreading the powder motion piece.

Further, the preheating device comprises a preheating motor, a preheating polished rod, a preheating screw rod, a preheating fixed block, a preheating lamp fixed plate, a preheating screw rod nut and a preheating lamp, the preheating motor is fixed at the inner top of the forming shell through a preheating motor support, the preheating fixing block is fixed at the top of the forming shell, the preheating screw rod is arranged on the preheating fixed block through a bearing, the top of the preheating screw rod penetrates through the preheating fixed block and then is connected with a preheating motor shaft, one or more preheating polished rods are arranged, the top of each preheating polished rod is fixed at the bottom of a preheating fixed block, the preheating screw rod nut is installed on the preheating screw rod in a threaded fit mode, the preheating lamp fixing plate is fixedly connected with the preheating screw rod nut, the preheating lamp fixing plate is connected with one or more preheating polished rods in a sliding fit mode through a linear motion pair, and the preheating lamp is installed at the bottom of the preheating lamp fixing plate.

Furthermore, the piston of the laser forming system consists of a plurality of piston plates and a heat insulation layer arranged between the piston plates, the power devices driving the pistons in the forming cavity and the preheating cavity to move up and down have the same structure and respectively comprise a forming screw rod, a forming screw rod nut, a motor fixing plate, a forming system motor and one or more polished rods, the upper end and the lower end of the polish rod are respectively fixedly connected with a piston plate at the bottommost part of the piston and a motor fixing plate, a polish rod shaft sleeve flange which can freely slide up and down relative to the polish rod is sleeved on the polish rod, the upper end of the forming screw rod is arranged on a piston plate at the bottommost part of the piston through a bearing and a screw rod supporting flange, the lower end of the forming screw rod is connected with a motor shaft of a forming system, the forming system motor is fixedly arranged on a motor fixing plate, the forming screw rod nut is sleeved on the forming screw rod, and the forming screw rod nut and the polished rod shaft sleeve flange are fixedly installed on the forming bottom plate.

Further, the laser sintering system comprises a laser head, an X-axis translation mechanism and two Y-axis translation mechanisms, the laser head is installed on an X-axis sliding block of the X-axis translation mechanism, two ends of the X-axis translation mechanism are respectively installed on two Y-axis sliding blocks of the two Y-axis translation mechanisms, and the two Y-axis translation mechanisms are respectively installed at the top of the rack.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: on laser forming system was fixed in platform operating system, platform operating system made laser forming system up-and-down motion through the drive bottom plate, preheated the jar in the laser forming system and put raw and other materials to preheat the powder through preheating device, preheat the back of accomplishing, preheat the jar in the piston plate through the ascending work unit of motor drive, the even tiling of powder that scraper and shop powder roller will preheat in the shop powder device is at the shaping intracavity, laser sintering system drives the laser head sinters, and the sintering is accomplished the back, and piston plate descends a work unit in the shaping chamber, preheats the ascending work unit of piston plate in the chamber, and the shop powder is sintered once more, repeats above-mentioned process and accomplishes until the part sintering.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the laser forming system is compact in structure, the platform lifting system drives the laser forming system to move up and down through the bottom driving device, the preheating device in the laser forming system preheats metal powder, the driving device is used for spreading and sintering the metal powder to obtain a printed part, and the residual raw materials are recycled. Through the motion coordination among all the systems, the functions of preheating metal powder, feeding, laser forming, excess material recovery and the like are realized. The invention has high efficiency in the sintering process, balanced sintering temperature and good product quality uniformity.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the overall structure diagram of the metal powder 3D printing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown;

FIG. 2: the structure diagram of the platform lifting system of the metal powder 3D printing equipment in the embodiment of the invention is shown;

FIG. 3: the structure of the driving device of the platform lifting system of the metal powder 3D printing equipment in the embodiment of the invention is shown;

FIG. 4: the laser forming system structure diagram of the metal powder 3D printing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided;

FIG. 5: the powder paving device structure diagram of the metal powder 3D printing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided;

FIG. 6: the structure diagrams of the forming cavity and the preheating cavity of the metal powder 3D printing equipment in the embodiment of the invention are shown;

FIG. 7: the powder laying movement device structure diagram of the metal powder 3D printing equipment in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8: the structure of a preheating device of the metal powder 3D printing equipment in the embodiment of the invention is shown;

FIG. 9: the embodiment of the invention provides a laser sintering system structure diagram of metal powder 3D printing equipment.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.