阅读说明：本技术 利用桑蚕养殖废弃物制备有机肥料的方法 (Method for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing silkworm breeding waste ) 是由 邓秀泉 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种利用桑蚕养殖废弃物制备有机肥料的方法,通过将桑蚕养殖废弃物经压滤固液分离为桑蚕渣和桑蚕液,其中桑蚕渣和一定重量比例的调节物料掺混成水分35%~55%的桑蚕渣发酵物料,置于发酵袋、发酵筒或/和发酵托盘进行静态好氧发酵,发酵完成后转化为桑蚕渣腐熟有机料,用于制备固态有机肥料,桑蚕液经发酵或/和过滤、浓缩制备成液态有机肥料；该方法使桑蚕养殖废弃物物尽其用,既做到充分资源化利用,又不产生废水等新的污染物,发酵周期短,节省发酵用地,发酵腐熟充分,养分转化彻底,生产的有机肥肥效好,生态和经济效益好,有利于推广。(The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing silkworm breeding waste, which comprises the steps of carrying out filter pressing and solid-liquid separation on the silkworm breeding waste into silkworm residue and silkworm liquid, wherein the silkworm residue and an adjusting material with a certain weight proportion are mixed to form a silkworm residue fermentation material with the water content of 35-55%, placing the silkworm residue fermentation material in a fermentation bag, a fermentation cylinder or/and a fermentation tray for static aerobic fermentation, converting the silkworm residue fermentation material into a silkworm residue rotten organic material after the fermentation is finished, and preparing the silkworm liquid into a liquid organic fertilizer through fermentation or/and filtration and concentration; the method makes the best use of silkworm breeding wastes, not only realizes full resource utilization, but also does not generate new pollutants such as wastewater and the like, has short fermentation period, saves the land for fermentation, has full fermentation decomposition, thorough nutrient conversion, good fertilizer effect of the produced organic fertilizer, good ecological and economic benefits and is beneficial to popularization.)

1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing silkworm breeding wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: filter-pressing silkworm breeding waste to separate solid and liquid into silkworm residue and silkworm liquid, wherein the silkworm residue and a certain weight proportion of adjusting material are mixed to form a silkworm residue fermentation material with 35-55% of water, the silkworm residue fermentation material is placed in a fermentation bag, a fermentation cylinder or/and a fermentation tray to be subjected to static aerobic fermentation, and the silkworm residue fermentation material is converted into a silkworm residue rotten organic material after the fermentation is finished and is used for preparing a solid organic fertilizer, and the silkworm liquid is prepared into a liquid organic fertilizer through fermentation or/and filtration and concentration; the production steps are as follows:

s1: filter pressing solid-liquid separation of silkworm breeding wastes: performing filter-pressing solid-liquid separation on the silkworm breeding waste into silkworm residue with the water content of less than 75% and silkworm liquid by adopting filter-pressing dehydration equipment;

s2: blending the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material: putting the filter-pressed and dehydrated mulberry silkworm residues and an adjusting material in proportion to prepare a mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material with the water content of 35-55%;

s3: stirring and crushing the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material: uniformly stirring the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material with 35-55% of water content prepared in the S2, and crushing, scattering and finely grinding;

s4: fermenting the silkworm residue fermentation material: filling the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material which is stirred and crushed in the step S3 into a breathable fermentation bag, a fermentation cylinder or/and a fermentation tray for static aerobic fermentation for 2-15 days, wherein when the fermentation temperature of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material is gradually increased from normal temperature to more than 60 ℃ and then gradually decreased to normal temperature, the water content is decreased to below 35%, and the fermentation and decomposition of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material are completed;

s5: preparing a solid organic fertilizer from silkworm residue: pouring out the silkworm residue decomposed organic material which is fermented and decomposed in the S4 from the fermentation bag, the fermentation cylinder or/and the fermentation tray, wherein one part is used for preparing a solid organic fertilizer, and the other part is returned to the S2 to be used as a regulating material to be mixed with fresh silkworm residue for fermentation;

s6: silkworm liquid fermentation: injecting the silkworm liquid obtained by pressure filtration in the step S1 into a fermentation container, aerating, stirring and fermenting for 1-15 days;

s7: preparing a silkworm liquid organic fertilizer: filtering the silkworm liquid fermented in the S6, and preparing the filtrate into liquid organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weight proportion of the mulberry silkworm residue in the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material is 20-85%, and the weight proportion of the material is adjusted to be 15-80%.

3. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the adjusting material is one or more of silkworm residue decomposed organic material, bagasse/pith, rice bran, unite bran, straw powder, cassava residue, beer residue, fruit residue, Chinese herbal medicine residue, sawdust, bark powder, grass carbon soil, kitchen/kitchen garbage, boiler ash, sludge, livestock manure and bran cake powder.

4. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein: more than 70% of the adjusting materials are organic materials formed by decomposing the silkworm residues.

5. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of a fermentation material layer of the silkworm residue fermentation material in the fermentation tray is 100-600 mm, the diameter of a fermentation bag or a fermentation cylinder fermented in the fermentation bag or the fermentation cylinder is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag or the fermentation cylinder is 300-2500 mm.

6. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: crushing the silkworm breeding waste in the S1 by adopting crushing equipment before or after filter pressing solid-liquid separation; mixing the silkworm breeding waste with one or more of mulberry branch powder, sawdust, bagasse/pith, unite bran, straw powder, bark powder, manioc waste, Chinese herbal medicine residue and decomposed organic material of silkworm residue, and performing filter pressing and dehydration; the filter-pressing dewatering equipment is a belt filter press or a spiral filter press.

7. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and crushing, powdering and screening the silkworm residue decomposed organic material in the S5 before preparing and processing the organic fertilizer.

8. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: adding 5-50 wt% of alcohol concentrated solution with the weight percentage of 15-65% into the silkworm solution in S6, and blending and fermenting; and in the S6, the temperature is kept at 25-45 ℃ by heating in the silkworm liquid fermentation process.

9. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: returning filter residues obtained after the silkworm liquid is filtered after fermentation in the step S7 to the step S1, mixing the filter residues with the silkworm breeding waste, and performing filter pressing; after the fermentation of the silkworm liquid is finished, adding macronutrient elements, amino acid, humic acid, alcohol concentrated solution and suspending agent into the silkworm liquid to prepare liquid organic fertilizer; and filtering the silkworm liquid by adopting a vacuum suction filter or/and a high-speed centrifugal solid-liquid separator after the fermentation is finished.

10. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer using silkworm breeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fermentation of the silkworm residue fermentation material adopts silkworm residue decomposed organic material for microbial inoculation; the method is characterized in that an alcohol concentrated solution with the weight of 15-65% is added at least once in the process of fermenting the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material or/and preparing the solid organic fertilizer, and the adding amount of the alcohol concentrated solution is 2-20% of the weight proportion of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material each time.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving and environment-friendly treatment and resource recycling of silkworm breeding wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using silkworm breeding wastes.

Background

According to statistical data of relevant departments, the mulberry planting area of China is nearly 1200 ten thousand mu in 2016, and the silkworm breeding waste is nearly million tons each year. The waste of silkworm breeding mainly comprises silkworm feces (faeces Bombycis), folium Mori twig, silkworm skin and dead silkworm. The silkworm breeding waste is mainly characterized by high water content (about 85%), high organic matter content (about 80%), high nutrient content (5-7%), and rich organic nutrient substances such as chlorophyll, protein, amino acid and the like. From the aspect of nutrients, the silkworm breeding waste is a high-quality organic resource, and can be prepared into an organic fertilizer to be returned to the field through environmental protection treatment and resource recycling, so that the fertility of cultivated land is maintained and improved.

However, because of the above characteristics of the silkworm breeding waste, particularly the characteristic of high moisture content, the silkworm breeding waste cannot be directly utilized, and in addition, a certain amount of dead silkworms, organic matters such as protein, amino acid and the like are also contained, so that the silkworm breeding waste is extremely easy to deteriorate and stink, the processing and utilization difficulty is high, at present, the standardized industrial environment-friendly processing and resource utilization are not basically obtained, the processing mode of silkworm farmers is basically directly abandoned in the field and in front of houses, so that water sources and air are polluted, and the dead silkworms containing a large amount of germs are not effectively killed, so that the broad-range transmission is easily caused, and the healthy development of the silkworm breeding industry is easily endangered.

In order to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, fertilizer resource utilization of silkworm breeding wastes is realized, related industries and enterprises perform a lot of beneficial exploration, and some technical achievements are obtained, but the total technical proposal of the forest does not really solve the core technical problem of factory and standardized utilization of the silkworm breeding waste basically, therefore, no technical process is industrially popularized and applied in production practice, so that the problems of pollution and resource utilization of the silkworm breeding waste are fundamentally solved, the phenomenon that the cultivation waste which is not subjected to environmental protection treatment is randomly discarded in the silkworm cultivation area is still not improved, and with the increasing social environment protection pressure and the continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction in China, the environmental protection treatment and resource utilization of the silkworm cultivation waste become bottlenecks which seriously restrict the continuous healthy development of the silkworm cultivation industry.

As is known, the important technical link for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste is biological fermentation, and various technologies basically adopt groove type or strip stack retting in the fermentation link at present, but do not obtain ideal effects, which are mainly reflected in that: firstly, serious odor is easily generated and a large amount of waste water is easily seeped, so that serious secondary environmental pollution is caused; secondly, the fermentation efficiency is low, the period is long, more than 50-60 days are generally needed, and the utilization rate of the field is not high; thirdly, the fermentation maturity is not high, the nutrient conversion is not sufficient, the nutrient loss is large, the fertilizer efficiency is not good, and the product cannot be accepted by the market; fourthly, the waste is not subjected to crushing pretreatment before fermentation, so that the product quality is poor and the economic benefit is poor; fifthly, only one product of powdery organic fertilizer is used, no liquid organic fertilizer is used, resources are not fully utilized, and comprehensive economic benefit is poor; sixthly, the production process depends on drying, and the energy consumption and the production cost are high. The main reason for this is that the fermentation in a trough type or a strip stack type is to pile up silkworm breeding wastes by 1-2 m or even more than 2m, the air permeability in the pile is very poor, anaerobic fermentation of the pile is caused, the odor in the fermentation process is serious, the fermentation state is not ideal, drying of the material cannot be realized by evaporating water at high temperature through fermentation, and in order to obtain a certain yield, the fermentation can be terminated manually only under the conditions that the fermentation is not completed, the material decomposition degree is quite low, and the water content is still very high, and the artificial drying is performed.

Therefore, to truly realize industrial and environment-friendly treatment and fertilizer resource utilization of silkworm breeding wastes, the following problems must be solved: the method has the advantages that the problems of air permeability, anaerobic fermentation reduction and secondary pollution of odor in the aerobic fermentation process of the silkworm breeding waste are solved, and clean and environment-friendly production is realized; secondly, the problem of waste liquid generation in the process of utilizing the silkworm breeding waste is solved, full resource utilization is achieved, and the added value is increased; thirdly, the fermentation is high in efficiency, biological dehydration and drying of materials are realized while nutrient conversion is carried out, drying is not needed, and the production cost is reduced; fourthly, fermentation and decomposition are completed in a short period, the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the market acceptance is improved. However, the existing various technical schemes do not well solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing silkworm breeding wastes more environmentally and efficiently.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing silkworm breeding wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the silkworm breeding waste is subjected to filter pressing and solid-liquid separation to obtain silkworm residue and silkworm liquid, wherein the silkworm residue and a certain weight proportion of adjusting materials are mixed to form a silkworm residue fermentation material with the water content of 35-55%, the silkworm residue fermentation material is placed in a fermentation bag, a fermentation cylinder or/and a fermentation tray for static aerobic fermentation, and the silkworm residue fermentation material is converted into a silkworm residue rotten organic material after the fermentation is finished and is used for preparing a solid organic fertilizer, and the silkworm liquid is fermented or/and filtered and concentrated to prepare a liquid organic fertilizer. The production steps are as follows:

s1: filter pressing solid-liquid separation of silkworm breeding wastes: performing filter-pressing solid-liquid separation on the silkworm breeding waste into silkworm residue with the water content of less than 75% and silkworm liquid by adopting filter-pressing dehydration equipment;

s2: blending the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material: putting the filter-pressed and dehydrated mulberry silkworm residues and an adjusting material in proportion to prepare a mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material with the water content of 35-55%;

s3: stirring and crushing the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material: uniformly stirring the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material with 35-55% of water content prepared in the S2, and crushing, scattering and finely grinding;

s4: fermenting the silkworm residue fermentation material: filling the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material which is stirred and crushed in the step S3 into a breathable fermentation bag, a fermentation cylinder or/and a fermentation tray for static aerobic fermentation for 2-15 days, wherein when the fermentation temperature of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material is gradually increased from normal temperature to more than 60 ℃ and then gradually decreased to normal temperature, the water content is decreased to below 35%, and the fermentation and decomposition of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material are completed;

s5: preparing a solid organic fertilizer from silkworm residue: pouring out the silkworm residue decomposed organic material which is fermented and decomposed in the S4 from the fermentation bag, the fermentation cylinder or/and the fermentation tray, wherein one part is used for preparing a solid organic fertilizer, and the other part is returned to the S2 to be used as a regulating material to be mixed with fresh silkworm residue for fermentation;

s6: silkworm liquid fermentation: injecting the silkworm liquid obtained by pressure filtration in the step S1 into a fermentation container, aerating, stirring and fermenting for 1-15 days;

s7: preparing a silkworm liquid organic fertilizer: filtering the silkworm liquid fermented in the S6, and preparing the filtrate into liquid organic fertilizer.

The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste, the weight ratio of the silkworm residue in the silkworm residue fermentation material is 20-85%, and the weight ratio of the material is adjusted to 15-80%.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste, the adjusting material is one or more of silkworm residue decomposed organic material, bagasse/pith, rice bran, unite bran, straw powder, cassava residue, beer residue, fruit residue, Chinese herbal medicine residue, sawdust, bark powder, grass carbon soil, kitchen/kitchen garbage, boiler ash, sludge, livestock manure and bran cake powder.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding wastes, more than 70% of the adjusting materials are organic materials formed by decomposing the silkworm residues.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste, the thickness of the fermentation material layer of the silkworm residue fermentation material in the fermentation tray is 100-600 mm, the diameter of the fermentation bag or the fermentation cylinder fermented in the fermentation bag or the fermentation cylinder is 100-600 mm, and the height of the fermentation bag or the fermentation cylinder is 300-2500 mm.

Preferably, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste further comprises crushing the silkworm breeding waste by using crushing equipment before or after filter pressing and solid-liquid separation in S1; mixing the silkworm breeding waste with one or more of mulberry branch powder, sawdust, bagasse/pith, unite bran, straw powder, bark powder, manioc waste, Chinese herbal medicine residue and decomposed organic material of silkworm residue, and performing filter pressing and dehydration; the filter-pressing dewatering equipment is a belt filter press or a spiral filter press.

Preferably, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding wastes further comprises crushing, powdering and screening the organic fertilizer prepared by the organic material decomposed from the silkworm residues in the step S5.

Preferably, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the silkworm breeding waste further comprises the step of adding 5-50 wt% of alcohol concentrated solution with the weight percentage of 15-65% of the weight percentage of the silkworm liquid in S6, and blending and fermenting; and in the S6, the temperature is kept at 25-45 ℃ by heating in the silkworm liquid fermentation process.

Preferably, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste further comprises the step of returning filter residues obtained after the silkworm liquid is filtered through the fermentation in the step S7 to the step S1 to be mixed with the silkworm breeding waste for pressure filtration; after the fermentation of the silkworm liquid is finished, adding macronutrient elements, amino acid, humic acid, alcohol concentrated solution and suspending agent into the silkworm liquid to prepare liquid organic fertilizer; and filtering the silkworm liquid by adopting a vacuum suction filter or/and a high-speed centrifugal solid-liquid separator after the fermentation is finished.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the silkworm breeding waste, the fermentation of the silkworm residue fermentation material adopts the silkworm residue decomposed organic material to carry out microbial inoculation; the method is characterized in that an alcohol concentrated solution with the weight of 15-65% is added at least once in the process of fermenting the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material or/and preparing the solid organic fertilizer, and the adding amount of the alcohol concentrated solution is 2-20% of the weight proportion of the mulberry silkworm residue fermentation material each time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. By means of the technical scheme, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the silkworm breeding wastes at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

firstly, the mulberry silkworm breeding waste is subjected to filter pressing solid-liquid separation to prepare a solid organic fertilizer and a liquid organic fertilizer, so that the mulberry silkworm breeding waste is fully utilized, full resource utilization is achieved, new pollutants such as waste water and the like are not generated, and the ecological and economic benefits are better;

secondly, the mulberry silkworm residue is fermented by using bag type, barrel type and tray type space static aerobic fermentation processes with good air permeability, so that the problem of oxygen ventilation of the core of the mulberry silkworm residue aerobic fermentation is well solved, no anaerobic odor is generated, and clean and environment-friendly production is realized;

thirdly, compared with the conventional groove type and strip stack type composting fermentation process, the bag type, cylinder type and tray type space static aerobic fermentation process improves the fermentation efficiency by more than 90 percent, and realizes biological dehydration and drying of materials in the fermentation process, thereby reaching the national standard of organic fertilizers, needing no drying and reducing the direct production cost by more than 50 percent;

fourthly, the silkworm breeding waste is fermented by using bag type, cylinder type and tray space static aerobic fermentation processes, and more than 90 percent of fermentation land is saved compared with the conventional groove type and strip stack retting fermentation processes;

fifthly, the fermentation and the decomposition are sufficient, the nutrient conversion is thorough, the produced organic fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency and high market acceptance, can obtain good economic benefit, and provides sufficient conditions for large-scale and industrial treatment and consumption of silkworm breeding wastes.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.