阅读说明：本技术 一种环保型生物有机肥及其制备方法 (Environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 杨靖民 张忠庆 刘金华 马列 王帅 姚智超 闫勋成 田东辉 于 2019-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种环保型生物有机肥,按照质量分数计包括如下物质：废木耳菌糠50～70％、微生物复合菌剂0.1～0.5％、红糖0.05～0.3％、尿素0.5～2.5％、填料12～18％、腐殖酸2～6％、余量为水。本发明还涉及环保型生物有机肥的制备方法。本发明原材料为当地废弃黑木耳段,能减少当地环境污染。产品中未添加任何畜禽粪便,无其他潜在污染物存在。产品有机质含量高于国家标准,拥有较好的疏松性和保水性,使用后可增加土壤有机质含量,能有效缓解土壤板结,提高土壤抗旱能力。产品中有大量益生菌和腐殖酸存在,主要菌群为乳酸菌和放线菌,施用到土壤后能有效提高土壤益生菌群含量,促进作物生长,减少病虫害发生。(The invention relates to an environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following substances in parts by mass: 50-70% of waste agaric fungus chaff, 0.1-0.5% of microbial composite inoculant, 0.05-0.3% of brown sugar, 0.5-2.5% of urea, 12-18% of filler, 2-6% of humic acid and the balance of water. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer. The raw materials of the invention are local waste black fungus segments, which can reduce local environmental pollution. The product is not added with any livestock and poultry manure, and no other potential pollutants exist. The organic matter content of the product is higher than the national standard, the product has better looseness and water retention, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased after the product is used, the soil hardening can be effectively relieved, and the drought resistance of the soil can be improved. The product contains a large amount of probiotics and humic acid, the main flora is lactobacillus and actinomycetes, and after the product is applied to soil, the content of the soil probiotics flora can be effectively improved, the growth of crops is promoted, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.)

1. The environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following substances in parts by mass: 50-70% of waste agaric fungus chaff, 0.1-0.5% of microbial composite inoculant, 0.05-0.3% of brown sugar, 0.5-2.5% of urea, 12-18% of filler, 2-6% of humic acid and the balance of water.

2. The environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the filler is composed of coal peat and other fillers, and the mass ratio of the coal peat to the other fillers is 8-12: 5.

3. The environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler has a particle size of 500-1000 mesh.

4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing a microbial compound inoculant, brown sugar, urea and waste agaric bran, adding water and adjusting the water content;

(2) fermenting the substance obtained in the step (1) in a fermentation tank, and turning and throwing the substance in the fermentation process to fully decompose the substance;

(3) and adding the decomposed material into a filler and humic acid, adjusting the pH value, and crushing to obtain the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to 60 to 70%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the first turning is performed when the temperature of the material reaches 60-65 ℃ in the fermentation process, the turning is performed every 2-3 days later, and the turning is stopped when the moisture of the material is lower than 20%.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the pH is adjusted to 5.5 to 8.5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to an environment-friendly biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and although various agricultural waste biomass resources are abundant and have high yield, the agricultural intensification degree is low, so that the production area is scattered and the recycling efficiency is low. Most agricultural waste biomass resources cannot be properly treated, so that a large amount of resources are wasted, and meanwhile, serious environmental pollution is caused. In addition, the mass production and use of fertilizers are harmful to the ecological balance and human health, and people have to search for effective chemical fertilizer substitutes. Therefore, in consideration of resource saving, environmental protection, agricultural product safety and the like, how to adopt a proper technical route and scheme and utilize and transform agricultural solid organic waste resources on a large scale by modern agricultural engineering technical means to change the agricultural solid organic waste resources into valuables is one of the problems which are urgently needed to be solved in organic agriculture in China.

The waste mushroom bran is the residual waste after the edible mushrooms are produced, and because the total yield and the total export of the edible mushrooms in China leap the world first, at least 400 million tons of mushroom bran are produced every year. The traditional method for treating the fungus chaff is to discard or burn, which not only causes resource waste, but also causes breeding of mould and pests, increases the number of harmful spores and pests in the air and pollutes the environment.

As one of agricultural waste biomass resources, the organic matter content is high, various quick-acting nutrients are complete, and the organic matter content contains various plant growth promoting substances, so the organic matter is a biological fertilizer resource with great potential. As early as the seventies of the last century, studies on the reuse of mushroom bran have been started, but they have not received sufficient attention as a whole. Moreover, the existing waste mushroom bran has low recycling efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an environment-friendly biological organic fertilizer, and urea, microorganisms, humic acid and the like are added, so that the prepared organic fertilizer has good fertilizer effect and high recycling efficiency of waste mushroom bran.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass: 50-70% of waste agaric fungus chaff, 0.1-0.5% of microbial composite inoculant, 0.05-0.3% of brown sugar, 0.5-2.5% of urea, 12-18% of filler, 2-6% of humic acid and the balance of water.

The waste agaric fungus chaff is a substrate of a biological organic fertilizer, and the microbial compound inoculant can enable the fungus chaff to be rapidly fermented, so that the fermentation period is shortened; urea, brown sugar and the like are mainly used for providing nutrients for the initial fermentation of the microbial compound inoculant; humic acid can improve the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer, and the fermented organic fertilizer can improve soil, improve the stress resistance of crops and the like.

On the premise of not reducing the organic matter content, the plasticity and specific gravity of the organic fertilizer after fermentation are increased, preferably, the filler is composed of coal peat and other fillers, and the mass ratio of the coal peat to the other fillers is 8-12: 5.

Preferably, the particle size of the filler is 500 to 1000 meshes.

The invention also relates to a preparation method of the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing a microbial compound inoculant, brown sugar, urea and waste agaric bran, adding water and adjusting the water content;

(2) fermenting the substance obtained in the step (1) in a fermentation tank, and turning and throwing the substance in the fermentation process to fully decompose the substance;

(3) and adding the decomposed material into a filler and humic acid, adjusting the pH value, and crushing to obtain the environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, in the step (1), water is added and the water content is adjusted to 60-70%; under the condition of the moisture content, certain permeability can be maintained, and simultaneously, enough moisture can be provided for fermenting microorganisms.

Preferably, in the step (2), in the fermentation process, when the temperature of the material reaches 60-65 ℃, turning is performed for the first time, then turning is performed once every 2-3 days, and turning is stopped when the moisture of the material is lower than 20%. The purpose of turning over is to increase the ventilation of the compost, emit the fermentation heat energy and turn over the unfermented part inside to fully decompose the compost. When the materials are loose and have no odor, the materials are black brown, the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, and the decomposition is finished when white hypha exists on the surface.

Preferably, in step (3), the pH is adjusted to 5.5-8.5.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the raw material is local waste black fungus segments which are easy to obtain, and the local environmental pollution can be reduced.

2. The product is not added with any livestock and poultry manure, has no other potential pollutants, and is green and environment-friendly.

3. The organic matter content of the product is higher than the national standard, the product has better looseness and water retention, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased after the product is used, the soil hardening can be effectively relieved, and the drought resistance of the soil can be improved.

4. The product contains a large amount of probiotics and humic acid, the main flora is lactobacillus and actinomycetes, and after the product is applied to soil, the content of the soil probiotics flora can be effectively improved, the growth of crops is promoted, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment on chlorophyll content;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment on the content of reduced vitamin C;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment on soluble sugar content.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are not part of the present invention but are prior art.

The microbial compound bacterial agent is provided by Jilin agriculture.

The filler of the present invention is a filler commonly used in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

The particle size of the filler in the embodiment of the invention is 500-1000 meshes.

The waste agaric bran in the embodiment of the invention is obtained by adopting the following method: and (3) purchasing the waste agaric fungus sections, and separating fungus chaff from the plastic bags in the waste agaric fungus sections to obtain the waste agaric fungus chaff.