阅读说明：本技术 一种用于精密制造汽车铝轮毂的切削液及其制备方法 (Cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing automobile aluminum wheel hub and preparation method thereof ) 是由 徐贺 阮艺锋 徐夏楠 黎秀爱 宋泽 于 2019-11-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于精密制造汽车铝轮毂的切削液及其制备方法。该切削液包括以下质量百分比的组分：防锈剂A5％-15％、防锈剂B 3％-8％、润滑剂5％-15％、特种功能剂2％-5％、平衡剂2％-5％、微生物控制剂2％-5％、表面活性剂5％-15％、矿物油30％-50％和去离子水余量,其中,所述防锈剂A包括二甘醇胺、单乙醇胺和2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇中的至少一种；所述防锈剂B包括硼酸、十碳二元酸、十一碳二元酸、三元羧酸、苯甲酸钠、多元羧酸酯中的至少一种；所述特种功能剂为脂肪酸多元醇酯。本发明的切削液具有良好的防锈性、润滑性、消泡性、生物稳定性和使用安全性,可满足汽车铝轮毂的精密制造,甚至镜面高光加工要求。(The invention discloses a cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing an automobile aluminum hub and a preparation method thereof. The cutting fluid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the antirust agent A comprises 5% -15%, B3% -8%, 5% -15% of a lubricant, 2% -5% of a special functional agent, 2% -5% of a balancing agent, 2% -5% of a microbial control agent, 5% -15% of a surfactant, 30% -50% of mineral oil and the balance of deionized water, wherein the antirust agent A comprises at least one of diglycolamine, monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; the antirust agent B comprises at least one of boric acid, dodecanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, tricarboxylic acid, sodium benzoate and polycarboxylic acid ester; the special functional agent is fatty acid polyol ester. The cutting fluid disclosed by the invention has good antirust property, lubricating property, defoaming property, biological stability and use safety, and can meet the precision manufacturing requirements of automobile aluminum hubs and even the specular highlight processing requirements.)

1. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the automobile aluminum hub is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: the antirust agent A comprises 5% -15%, B3% -8%, 5% -15% of a lubricant, 2% -5% of a special functional agent, 2% -5% of a balancing agent, 2% -5% of a microbial control agent, 5% -15% of a surfactant, 30% -50% of mineral oil and the balance of deionized water, wherein the antirust agent A comprises at least one of diglycolamine, monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; the antirust agent B comprises at least one of boric acid, dodecanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, tricarboxylic acid, sodium benzoate and polycarboxylic acid ester; the special functional agent is fatty acid polyol ester.

2. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the antirust agent A comprises diglycolamine and monoethanolamine, and preferably, the mass percent of the diglycolamine in the cutting fluid is 2-5%, and the mass percent of the monoethanolamine in the cutting fluid is 2-5%.

3. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the rust inhibitor B comprises boric acid, dodecanedioic acid and tricarboxylic acid, and preferably, the boric acid accounts for 2-5% by mass of the cutting fluid, the dodecanedioic acid accounts for 0.5-4% by mass of the cutting fluid, and the tricarboxylic acid accounts for 1-5% by mass of the cutting fluid.

4. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant comprises at least one of ricinoleic acid, dimer acid, palmitic acid, tall oil, tetrapolyricinoleic acid, pentaerythritol oleate, vegetable oil acid polyester and trimethylolpropane oleate, preferably the lubricant comprises ricinoleic acid and tall oil, more preferably the mass percentage of ricinoleic acid in the cutting fluid is 2-7%, and the mass percentage of tall oil in the cutting fluid is 2-7%.

5. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol, sorbitan oleate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, preferably the surfactant comprises fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, more preferably the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid accounts for 1-5% by mass of the cutting fluid, the alkoxylated fatty alcohol accounts for 2-7% by mass of the cutting fluid, and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether accounts for 2-8% by mass of the cutting fluid.

6. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid polyol ester is obtained by adding at least one of glycerol, diethylene glycol, isopropanol, dimer acid and polyethylene glycol 400 into ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and tall oil acid as raw materials and reacting at 160-240 ℃ for 3-10 h.

7. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the microbial control agent is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

8. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the balancing agent is at least one of glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and isopropanol; the mineral oil is at least one of transformer oil and naphthenic oil.

9. The cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: the antirust agent A6%, the antirust agent B5%, the lubricant 6%, the special functional agent 5%, the balancing agent 3%, the surfactant 11%, the microbial control agent 2%, the mineral oil 42% and the deionized water 20%.

10. The method for preparing the cutting fluid for precision manufacturing of aluminum wheel hubs for automobiles according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

(1) adding the antirust agent A, the antirust agent B and part of deionized water according to a certain proportion, heating to 70-90 ℃, stirring at the speed of 300-500rpm for reaction for 20-30min until the antirust agent A and the antirust agent B are completely dissolved to obtain a mixture A;

(2) adding a surfactant, a lubricant, a special functional agent and mineral oil in proportion, stirring and reacting at the speed of 300-500rpm at normal temperature for 20-30min until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture B;

(3) and adding the mixture A into the mixture B, stirring and reacting at the normal temperature at the speed of 300-500rpm for 20-30min until the mixture is uniformly mixed, adding the balancing agent, the microorganism control agent and the rest deionized water, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the cutting fluid.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of metal cutting lubricating materials for precisely manufacturing automobile aluminum hubs, in particular to cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing automobile aluminum hubs and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The cutting fluid is an industrial liquid which is prepared by scientifically compounding and matching various additives with super-strong functions, is used for cooling and lubricating a cutter and a machined part in the processes of cutting, cutting and grinding metal, and can meet the requirements of precision manufacturing of higher requirements of workpieces and even high-gloss processing requirements of mirror surfaces.

China is the global automobile hub manufacturing center, and the high-gloss precise manufacturing of the mirror surface of a hub product cannot be separated from the high-quality special aluminum hub cutting fluid. Most of the cutting fluids used for processing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile at present are emulsified oily emulsions, the cutting fluids can meet the cooling and lubricating effects required by workpiece processing, but the cutting fluids contain a large amount of mineral oil which is easy to nourish bacteria, the oil smoke on a cutting site is large, the workpiece is difficult to clean after being processed, the working fluid is easy to dirty, the replacement period is short, the comprehensive cost is high, and the replaced waste liquid contains a large amount of petroleum organic matters, various electrolytes and surfactants and faces the environmental protection problem of emission. The cutting fluid takes water as a main component, contains a lubricant, an antirust agent and the like, and has certain lubricating and antirust performances, but the cutting fluid taking water as a dispersing medium in the prior art has poor lubricating property, poor antirust property, low finished product qualification rate, large cutter abrasion, short aluminum corrosion resistance time and poor defoaming property, is in the technical bottleneck period of precision machining finished product qualification rate, and part of products are added with sodium nitrite harmful to human bodies to make up for the antirust defect. For example, some products are added with (C10-C13) short-chain chlorinated paraffin and sodium nitrite to increase lubricity and antirust property, the chlorinated paraffin has better lubricity, but the substances are unstable, a large amount of free chlorine contained in the components can corrode machine tool taps, the substances are easy to decompose in the processing process, the released hydrogen chloride gas can have certain influence on the liver and kidney of a human body, and the sodium nitrite has good antirust property but is a potential carcinogenic substance.

In view of the above-mentioned situation, it is necessary to adjust the composition of the cutting fluid, and to develop a cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing an aluminum wheel hub for an automobile, which improves the product lubricity, corrosion resistance, defoaming property, biostability and safety in use, improves the smoke environment and ecological environment of a workshop, and improves the product cleaning property.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the aluminum wheel hub of the automobile and the preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the automobile aluminum wheel hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the antirust agent A comprises 5% -15%, antirust agent B3% -8%, lubricant 5% -15%, special functional agent 2% -5%, balancing agent 2% -5%, microorganism control agent 2% -5%, surfactant 5% -15%, mineral oil 30% -50% and the balance of deionized water, wherein the antirust agent A comprises at least one of diglycolamine, monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; the antirust agent B comprises at least one of boric acid, dodecanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, tricarboxylic acid, sodium benzoate and polycarboxylic acid ester; the special functional agent is fatty acid polyol ester.

According to the invention, the fatty acid polyol ester is added as the special functional agent, the substance has strong adhesiveness and boundary lubricity and low foam, the defect that the conventional vegetable oil has good lubricity but much foam can be overcome, and the conventional silicone defoaming agent can be replaced, so that the defects that a filter screen and a cutting fluid pipeline are blocked and the defoaming durability is poor due to the fact that the defoaming agent is easily separated out in the prior art are overcome.

Ferrous metal materials such as a machine tool working table surface and a guide rail for precisely manufacturing an automobile aluminum hub are exposed in a humid environment for a long time due to the existence of water-based cutting fluid in the processing process, the surface of the ferrous metal materials adsorbs water in the environment to form a very thin moisture layer, the gradually accumulated water film reaches about 20-30 molecules thick, electrochemical corrosion is formed, iron atoms on the surface are continuously oxidized to form Fe (OH)₂And Fe (OH)₂Unstable in water and continue to form poorly soluble Fe (OH) with oxygen and water in the water film₃，Fe(OH)₃The antirust agent is dispersed in the continuously circulated cutting fluid to change the cutting fluid into reddish brown and is also attached to the surface of a workpiece, and the antirust agent is used for relieving the contact of oxygen and acidic substances in the solution with the surface of the workpiece and forming an antirust layer by directional adsorption on the surface of the workpiece to achieve the aim of rust prevention. According to the invention, diglycolamine, monoethanolamine or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol which is not easy to form soap precipitate with calcium and magnesium ions is selected as the antirust agent A and is compounded with the antirust agent B, so that the antirust property of the cutting fluid is further improved, the cutting fluid has a good antirust effect on a machine tool, and the table top, a cooling fluid pipeline, a cooling fluid tank and the like of the machine tool are protected from rusting.

According to the invention, by optimizing the dosage of each component, the prepared cutting fluid has excellent lubricating, antirust, cleaning, defoaming, cooling and antibacterial properties, is not easy to smell and deteriorate, has long service life, does not pollute the environment, has no stimulation to skin, does not contain nitrite and chlorinated paraffin, and is beneficial to environmental protection and human health.

Among many additives, organic alcohol amines have good pH stability, metal rust prevention, and emulsifiability, and are one of the most commonly used raw materials in metal working fluids. The currently commonly used organic alcohol ammonium is mainly: triethanolamine (TEA), Diethanolamine (DEA), Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diglycolamine (DGA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95).

In aluminum metal processing, when the pH of the processing fluid is greater than 8.5, the aluminum oxide film on the surface of the aluminum metal is very unstable, resulting in stain corrosion of the aluminum metal by the more alkaline processing fluid.

According to GB/T6144-2010, under the temperature condition of 55 +/-2 ℃, 100g of 2.5% alcohol amine water solution is adjusted to the pH value of 8.80 by citric acid, a clean aluminum standard test piece (testing four types of aluminum materials: Al7075, Al6061, Al2021 and 2A12) is used for completely soaking for 24 hours, and the concentration of aluminum ions in the solution after soaking by different organic alcohol amines is tested by an atomic absorption spectrometer. As can be seen from FIG. 1, DGA, DEA, AMP-95 and MEA showed less corrosion of aluminum metal, with dissolved aluminum concentrations below 10ppm, TEA corroding most severely with aluminum ions up to 235 ppm. However, DEA has been found in recent years to cause potential health problems and the european union has banned its use. Therefore, at least one of monoethanolamine, diglycolamine, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is preferable as a material for the cutting fluid in the present invention.

Anti-biodeterioration is another important indicator of organic alcohol amines in metalworking fluid applications. Boric acid is a commonly used raw material in metal working fluids, and has good corrosion resistance and improved antibiotic properties. The five organohydrinamic borates exhibit different antimicrobial properties in metal working fluids, and table 1 shows the pH and odor values of several conventional organohydrinamic borates in metal working fluids as a function of time, reflecting the biostability of the five organohydrinamic borates. As can be seen from Table 1, AMP-95 has excellent biostability.

TABLE 1 pH and biostability of Borate salts of five commonly used Organoethanolamine

Preferably, the antirust agent A comprises diglycolamine and monoethanolamine, more preferably, the mass percent of the diglycolamine in the cutting fluid is 2-5%, and the mass percent of the monoethanolamine in the cutting fluid is 2-5%.

Preferably, the antirust agent B comprises boric acid, dodecanedioic acid and tricarboxylic acid, and more preferably, the mass percent of the boric acid in the cutting fluid is 2-5%, the mass percent of the dodecanedioic acid in the cutting fluid is 0.5-4%, and the mass percent of the tricarboxylic acid in the cutting fluid is 1-5%.

Because the automobile wheel hub mostly adopts A356.20 aluminum alloy material at present, the amphoteric metal of aluminium, in the environment of partial acid, partial alkali, all apt to corrode, and the active growth environment of the microbial bacteria is faintly acid, choose 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol or organic amine and poly-carboxylic acid or poly-carboxylic acid ester complex formulation of monoethanolamine structure in the above-mentioned technical scheme, control pH value in the range of weak base, can control the growth of the microbial bacteria effectively, the corrosion resistance that is more favorable to automobile wheel hub A356.20 aluminum alloy to process for a long time, the organic amine of the special structure makes the system possess stronger alkali reserve, can maintain to process or receive the foreign bacterial contamination for a long time, and maintain the pH value not to change for a long time, make the cutting fluid working fluid keep the long-time stability.

Preferably, the lubricant comprises at least one of ricinoleic acid, dimer acid, palmitic acid, tall oil, tetrapolyricinoleate, pentaerythritol oleate, vegetable oil acid polyester and trimethylolpropane oleate, preferably, the lubricant comprises ricinoleic acid and tall oil, more preferably, the mass percentage of the ricinoleic acid in the cutting fluid is 2-7%, and the mass percentage of the tall oil in the cutting fluid is 2-7%.

The cutting fluid usually uses sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine additives as extreme pressure lubricants, and the substances seriously affect the operation environment and the ecological environment friendliness and generate waste gas and waste liquid containing sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine. The invention adopts a large amount of biodegradable ricinoleic acid, dimer acid, tetrapolyricinoleate and tall oil, the vegetable oil contains a large amount of carboxyl functional groups, and has extremely strong physical adsorption, and the vegetable oil is firmly adsorbed on the metal surface to form an isolating membrane in the processing process, thereby reducing the abrasion of a cutter, improving the surface precision of the product, and being particularly suitable for the mechanical processing process of soft nonferrous metals such as aluminum alloy and the like.

Preferably, the surfactant comprises at least one of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol, sorbitan oleate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, preferably, the surfactant comprises fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, more preferably, the mass percent of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid in the cutting fluid is 1% -5%, the mass percent of the alkoxylated fatty alcohol in the cutting fluid is 2% -7%, and the mass percent of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether in the cutting fluid is 2% -8%.

Preferably, the fatty acid polyol ester is obtained by taking ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and tall oil acid as raw materials, adding at least one of glycerol, diethylene glycol, isopropanol, dimer acid and polyethylene glycol 400, and reacting for 3-10h at 160-240 ℃.

Preferably, the microbe-controlling agent is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. The invention adopts 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol to replace common formaldehyde releaser bactericides, and has excellent biological stability and safety.

Preferably, the balancing agent is at least one of glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and isopropanol.

Preferably, the mineral oil is at least one of transformer oil and naphthenic oil. Preferably, the naphthenic oil has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of 15 to 35mm²/S。

Preferably, the cutting fluid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the antirust agent A6%, the antirust agent B5%, the lubricant 6%, the special functional agent 5%, the balancing agent 3%, the surfactant 11%, the microbial control agent 2%, the mineral oil 42% and the deionized water 20%.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the cutting fluid for precisely manufacturing the automobile aluminum wheel hub, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) adding the antirust agent A, the antirust agent B and part of deionized water according to a certain proportion, heating to 70-90 ℃, stirring at the speed of 300-500rpm for reaction for 20-30min until the antirust agent A and the antirust agent B are completely dissolved to obtain a mixture A;

(2) adding a surfactant, a lubricant, a special functional agent and mineral oil in proportion, stirring and reacting at the speed of 300-500rpm at normal temperature for 20-30min until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture B;

(3) and adding the mixture A into the mixture B, stirring and reacting at the normal temperature at the speed of 300-500rpm for 20-30min until the mixture is uniformly mixed, adding the balancing agent, the microorganism control agent and the rest deionized water, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the cutting fluid.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the product has good lubricity: according to the invention, by optimizing the types of the lubricants and utilizing the extremely strong metal adsorption effect of the vegetable oil, the heavy-load machining of the cutter is prevented from directly acting on the surface of the workpiece, the lubricity and the machining precision of a friction surface are improved, the machined workpiece has no obvious white line under a high-power microscope, the product percent of pass is improved by more than 10%, and the abrasion of the cutter is greatly reduced by more than 20%.

(2) The product has long aluminum corrosion prevention time: the cutting fluid disclosed by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance on aluminum alloy, and can meet the corrosion resistance requirement of long-time waiting before a cleaning and spraying process is carried out after the specular surface of the hub is subjected to highlight processing.

(3) The product has good rust resistance: the antirust agent is preferably compounded with a plurality of antirust agents which are not easy to form soap precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions, has good antirust effect on a machine tool, and protects the table top of the machine tool, a cooling liquid pipeline, a cooling liquid tank and the like from rusting.

(4) The product has good defoaming property: the invention adds the fatty acid polyol ester, the substance not only has strong adhesiveness and boundary lubricity, but also has low foam, can overcome the defect that the commonly used vegetable oil has good lubricity but has more foam, and can replace the currently commonly used organosilicon defoaming agent, thereby overcoming the defects that the filtering net and cutting fluid pipeline are blocked and the defoaming persistence is not good because the defoaming agent is added in the prior art and is easy to separate out.

(5) The product has safe usability: the cutting fluid is non-volatile, non-inflammable, non-explosive, non-toxic and harmless, ensures physical and psychological health of field workers, ensures production safety, and can meet export requirements.

(6) Good cleaning performance, long service life and low cost: the water-soluble cutting fluid is easy to clean after a workpiece is processed; the invention is used by adding water, the water adding proportion is as high as 1:30, and the invention can be recycled, thereby greatly reducing the use cost of hub processing enterprises; the invention selects the raw materials which are not easy to generate soap precipitation with calcium and magnesium ions, so that the hard water adaptability of the product reaches more than 500ppm, and the cutting fluid maintains long-term performance stability.

(7) The product is green and environment-friendly: the cutting fluid has excellent biological stability and safety, can ensure the working fluid to be stable for a long time, does not generate bacteria deterioration, and does not influence the health of workers, so the cutting fluid can be used for a long time without replacement, thereby improving the problem of waste liquid discharge.

(8) The product has strong applicability: the invention can meet the requirement of the precise processing of hubs made of aluminum alloys of different materials without replacing cutting fluid.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the aluminum ion concentration of aluminum sheet soaked in different organic alcohol amine solutions.

FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the on-site machining of an automobile aluminum hub workpiece by using the cutting fluid of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows an automobile aluminum hub workpiece processed by the cutting fluid of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows an automobile aluminum hub workpiece processed by a commercially available emulsion cutting fluid.

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.