阅读说明：本技术 一种加氢装置及加氢方法 (Hydrogenation device and hydrogenation method ) 是由 潘相敏 蒋长龙 王要娟 刘京京 陈华强 戚东来 于 2019-12-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明具体公开了一种加氢装置及加氢方法。该加氢方法包括步骤：S10：获取实时的环境温度T<Sub>n</Sub>,根据环境温度T<Sub>n</Sub>计算待测试车辆上的储氢瓶加注满氢气时的目标压力P<Sub>n</Sub>,其中n＝1；S20：对储氢瓶充入氢气,使储氢瓶中氢气的实际压力调整至目标压力P<Sub>n</Sub>；S30：将待测试车辆静置一设定时间,并获取此时的环境温度T<Sub>n+1</Sub>,以及储氢瓶中氢气的实际压力P<Sub>n</Sub>’；S40：根据环境温度T<Sub>n+1</Sub>计算待测试车辆上的储氢瓶加注满氢气时的目标压力P<Sub>n+1</Sub>。本发明提供的一种加氢装置及加氢方法充分考虑了温度因素,并通过不断计算以及加氢调整,能够保证储氢瓶中加注满氢气。(The invention specifically discloses a hydrogenation device and a hydrogenation method. The hydrogenation method comprises the following steps: s10: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T n According to the ambient temperature T n Calculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen n Wherein n is 1; s20: filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle to adjust the actual pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to the target pressure P n (ii) a S30: standing the vehicle to be tested for a set time, and acquiring the ambient temperature T at the moment n+1 And the actual pressure P of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder n '; s40: according to the ambient temperature T n+1 Calculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen n+1 . The present invention providesThe hydrogenation device and the hydrogenation method fully consider the temperature factor, and can ensure that the hydrogen storage bottle is filled with hydrogen through continuous calculation and hydrogenation adjustment.)

1. A hydrogenation process comprising the steps of:

s10: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAccording to the ambient temperature T_nCalculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen_nWherein n is 1;

s20: filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle to adjust the actual pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to the target pressure P_n；

S30: standing the vehicle to be tested for a set time, and acquiring the ambient temperature T at the moment_n+1And the actual pressure P of the hydrogen in said hydrogen storage cylinder_n’；

S40: according to the ambient temperature T_n+1Calculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen_n+1；

S50: calculating Δ P ═ P_n+1-P_n’；

If Δ P >0.3MPa or Δ P < -0.3MPa, n ═ n +1, perform step S20;

if delta P is more than or equal to-0.3 MPa and less than or equal to 0.3MPa, executing the next step;

s60: according to the formula

n is an integer greater than zero.

2. The hydrogenation method according to claim 1, wherein step S10 comprises:

s11: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAnd presetting the ambient temperature T_nTarget pressure P of hydrogen storage bottle on vehicle to be tested_n；

S12: according to the formula

according to the formula

s13: if SOC_n＞100.5％，P_n＝P_n0.1Mpa, step S12;

if SOC_n＜99.5％，P_n＝P_n+0.1MPa, step S12 is executed.

3. The hydrogenation process of claim 2, wherein S40 comprises:

s41: preset ambient temperature T_n+1Target pressure P of lower hydrogen storage bottle_n+1；

S42: according to the formula

according to the formula

s43: if SOC_n+1＞100.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+10.1Mpa, step S42;

if SOC_n+1＜99.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+1+0.1MPa, step S42 is executed.

4. The hydrogenation method according to claim 3, further comprising, after step S60:

s70: after the vehicle to be tested runs for N kilometers, adding hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottleThe mass of injection is w₂After hydrogen is generated;

s80: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_n+2And obtaining the pressure P of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle_n+2；

S90: according to the formula

s100: calculating the mass X of hydrogen consumed by the vehicle to be tested per 100 kilometers of running:

5. the hydrogenation process of claim 4, wherein w is₂Not less than 0.1 kg.

6. The hydrogenation process according to claim 4, wherein the charging of the hydrogen storage bottle with a mass w required to be completed in 30 minutes in S70₂Hydrogen (c) is used.

7. A hydrogenation apparatus for carrying out the hydrogenation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hydrogenation apparatus comprises a gas supply pipeline (1), one end of the gas supply pipeline (1) is connected with a hydrogen gas source, the other end of the gas supply pipeline is connected with a filling gun (2), the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a hydrogen gas inlet control valve (31), a gas inlet pressure gauge (32), a booster pump (33), an outlet control valve (34) and an outlet pressure gauge (35) which are arranged on the gas supply pipeline (1) in sequence along the filling direction of hydrogen gas, and a vent assembly (5) and a buffer assembly (4) which are connected into the gas supply pipeline (1);

the buffer assembly (4) comprises a buffer pipeline (41), a buffer tank (42), a flow meter (43) and a first control valve (44), wherein the flow meter (43) and the first control valve (44) are arranged on the buffer pipeline (41), one end of the buffer pipeline (41) is connected with the gas outlet of the booster pump (33) through the gas adding pipeline (1), and the other end of the buffer pipeline (41) is connected with the buffer tank (42);

the emptying assembly (5) comprises an emptying pipeline (51) and an emptying control valve (52) arranged on the emptying pipeline (51), the inlet end of the emptying pipeline (51) and the gas filling pipeline (1) are connected between the outlet control valve (34) and the filling gun (2), and the outlet end of the emptying pipeline (51) is communicated with the outside atmosphere.

8. Hydrogenation unit according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a feed pressure sensor (36) and a first outlet pressure sensor (37) arranged on the feed line (1), the feed pressure sensor (36) being located between the feed pressure gauge (32) and the booster pump (33), the first outlet pressure sensor (37) being arranged between the filling gun (2) and the outlet control valve (34).

9. The hydrogenation apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a safety valve (6), wherein an inlet end of the safety valve (6) is in communication with the gas supply line (1) through a pipeline, and an outlet end of the safety valve (6) is in communication with the outside atmosphere through a pipeline.

10. The hydrogenation apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a nitrogen purge assembly (7), wherein the nitrogen purge assembly (7) comprises a nitrogen replacement line (71), and a nitrogen gas inlet control valve (72) and a check valve (73) which are arranged on the nitrogen replacement line (71), one end of the nitrogen replacement line (71) is used for connecting with a nitrogen gas source, the other end of the nitrogen replacement line (71) and the gas supply line (1) are connected between the hydrogen gas inlet control valve (31) and the gas supply pressure gauge (32), and the check valve (73) is configured to allow only nitrogen gas in the nitrogen replacement line (71) to flow into the gas supply line (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel automobiles, in particular to a hydrogenation device and a hydrogenation method thereof.

Background

With the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the requirements for detection and authentication of the driving range and the energy consumption of the fuel cell vehicle are increasingly highlighted. When a driving range and energy consumption of a fuel cell automobile are tested by a vehicle detection and certification mechanism, it is necessary to ensure that a fuel tank (i.e., a vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder) of the vehicle is filled with hydrogen before a driving range test experiment, that is, an SOC (state of charge) reaches 100% ± 1%, and it is necessary to be able to accurately calculate the amount of hydrogen consumed by the vehicle in the driving range test process. The SOC is the filling degree of hydrogen in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder, and the value range is 0-100% by common percentage, when the SOC is 0, the SOC indicates that no hydrogen is added and the hydrogen is in a vacuum state, and when the SOC is 100%, the SOC indicates that the hydrogen is full.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydrogenation device and a hydrogenation method, which can fill hydrogen into a hydrogen storage bottle of a vehicle and accurately calculate the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogenation process comprising the steps of:

s10: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAccording to the ambient temperature T_nCalculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen_nWherein n is 1;

s20: filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle to adjust the actual pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to the target pressure P_n；

S30: standing the vehicle to be tested for a set time, and acquiring the ambient temperature T at the moment_n+1And the actual pressure P of the hydrogen in said hydrogen storage cylinder_n’；

S40: according to the ambient temperature T_n+1Calculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen_n+1；

S50: calculating Δ P ═ P_n+1-P_n’；

If Δ P >0.3MPa or Δ P < -0.3MPa, n ═ n +1, perform step S20;

if delta P is more than or equal to-0.3 MPa and less than or equal to 0.3MPa, executing the next step;

s60: according to the formula

And

calculating the mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder, wherein w₁Is the mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder, and m is the molar mass of hydrogen; r is a constant, v_ijIs a coefficient, V is the volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder, Z_n+1Is a pressure of P_n', temperature is T_n+1Compression factor of hydrogen under conditions;

n is an integer greater than zero.

As a preferred embodiment of the hydrogenation method, step S10 includes:

s11: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAnd presetting the ambient temperature T_nTarget pressure P of hydrogen storage bottle on vehicle to be tested_n；

S12: according to the formula

Andcalculating a target filling density of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, wherein rho_nA target fill density for hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle; z_nIs a pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nThe compression factor of the lower hydrogen gas;

according to the formulaCalculating the pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nA target fill level of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle under conditions; therein, SOC_nIs a pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nThe target filling degree of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle under the condition is temperature pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nDensity of hydrogen under the conditions, and ρ (P)_n，T_n)＝ρ_nRho (NWP, 15 ℃) is the density of hydrogen at the temperature of 15 ℃ and the pressure of 35Mpa or 70 Mpa;

s13: if SOC_n＞100.5％，P_n＝P_n0.1Mpa, step S11;

if SOC_n＜99.5％，P_n＝P_n+0.1MPa, step S11 is executed.

As a preferred embodiment of the hydrogenation method, step S40 includes:

s41: preset ambient temperature T_n+1Target pressure P of lower hydrogen storage bottle_n+1；

S42: according to the formula

And

calculating a target filling density of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, wherein rho_n+1A target fill density for hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle; z_n+1Is a pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1The compression factor of the lower hydrogen gas;

according to the formula

Calculating the pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1A target fill level of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle under conditions; therein, SOC_n+1Is a pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1The target filling degree of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle under the condition is temperature pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1Density of hydrogen under the conditions, and ρ (P)_n+1，T_n+1)＝ρ_n+1Rho (NWP, 15 ℃) is the density of hydrogen at the temperature of 15 ℃ and the pressure of 35Mpa or 70 Mpa;

s43: if SOC_n+1＞100.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+10.1Mpa, step S41;

if SOC_n+1＜99.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+1+0.1MPa, step S41 is executed.

As a preferable embodiment of the hydrogenation method, the method further comprises, after step S60:

s70: after the vehicle to be tested runs for N kilometers, the vehicle to be tested runs to the positionThe filling mass in the hydrogen storage bottle is w₂After hydrogen is generated;

s80: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_n+2And obtaining the pressure P of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle_n+2；

S90: according to the formula

And

calculating the mass w of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle at that time₃,Z_n+2Is at a pressure of P_n+2Temperature of T_n+2Compression factor of hydrogen under conditions;

s100: calculating the mass X of hydrogen consumed by the vehicle to be tested per 100 kilometers of running:

as a preferred embodiment of the hydrogenation process, w₂Not less than 0.1 kg.

As a preferable technical scheme of the hydrogenation method, in S70, the filling of the hydrogen storage bottle with the mass w needs to be completed within 30 minutes₂Hydrogen (c) is used.

On the other hand, the invention provides a hydrogenation device for implementing the hydrogenation method in any one of the above schemes, wherein the hydrogenation device comprises a gas supply pipeline, one end of the gas supply pipeline is connected with a hydrogen gas source, the other end of the gas supply pipeline is connected with a filling gun, the hydrogenation device further comprises a hydrogen gas inlet control valve, a gas inlet pressure gauge, a booster pump, an outlet control valve and an outlet pressure gauge which are sequentially arranged on the gas supply pipeline along the filling direction of hydrogen gas, and an emptying assembly and a buffering assembly which are connected into the gas supply pipeline;

the buffer assembly comprises a buffer pipeline, a buffer tank, a flowmeter and a first control valve, wherein the flowmeter and the first control valve are arranged on the buffer pipeline;

the emptying assembly comprises an emptying pipeline and an emptying control valve arranged on the emptying pipeline, the inlet end of the emptying pipeline and the gas filling pipeline are connected between the outlet control valve and the filling gun, and the outlet end of the emptying pipeline is communicated with the outside atmosphere.

As the preferred technical scheme of hydrogenation device, hydrogenation device still including set up in admit air pressure sensor and first export pressure sensor on the gas filling pipeline, admit air pressure sensor be located the manometer of admitting air with between the booster pump, first export pressure sensor set up with add the notes rifle with between the export control valve.

As a preferable technical scheme of the hydrogenation device, the hydrogenation device further comprises a safety valve, the inlet end of the safety valve is communicated with the gas filling pipeline through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the safety valve is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a pipeline.

As a preferred technical solution of the hydrogenation apparatus, the hydrogenation apparatus further includes a nitrogen purging component, the nitrogen purging component includes a nitrogen replacement pipeline, and a nitrogen inlet control valve and a one-way valve that are disposed on the nitrogen replacement pipeline, one end of the nitrogen replacement pipeline is used for being connected with a nitrogen source, the other end of the nitrogen replacement pipeline and the gas filling pipeline are connected between the hydrogen inlet control valve and the gas filling pressure gauge, and the one-way valve is configured to allow only nitrogen in the nitrogen replacement pipeline to flow into the gas filling pipeline.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a hydrogenation method which fully considers the influence of the ambient temperature on the gas filling degree in a hydrogen cylinder and controls the difference value of the actual pressure and the target pressure in the hydrogen cylinder at the ambient temperature so as to ensure that the hydrogen cylinder is filled with hydrogen.

The invention also provides a hydrogenation device, which ensures the smooth realization of the hydrogenation method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a hydrogenation process in an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogenation apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a gas supply line;

2. filling a gun;

31. a hydrogen gas inlet control valve; 32. an air intake pressure gauge; 33. a booster pump; 34. an outlet control valve; 35. an outlet pressure gauge; 36. an intake air pressure sensor; 37. a first outlet pressure sensor; 38. a second control valve;

4. a buffer assembly; 41. a buffer pipeline; 42. a buffer tank; 43. a flow meter; 44. a first control valve; 45. a second outlet pressure sensor;

5. emptying the assembly; 51. emptying the pipeline; 52. an emptying control valve; 53. a third control valve; 54. a flame arrestor;

6. a safety valve;

7. a nitrogen purge component; 71. a nitrogen replacement pipeline; 72. a nitrogen gas inlet control valve; 73. a one-way valve;

8. and (3) a filter.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Where the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions, and where a first feature is "over", "above" and "on" a second feature, it is intended that the first feature is directly over and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogenation apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, this example provides a hydrogenation apparatus. The hydrogenation device comprises a gas adding pipeline 1, a filling gun 2, a hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31, a gas inlet pressure gauge 32, a booster pump 33, an outlet control valve 34, an outlet pressure gauge 35 and a buffer component 4. Wherein, the one end of gas filling pipeline 1 is connected with the hydrogen gas source, and the other end is connected with filling gun 2, and filling gun 2 is used for annotating hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle of the vehicle that awaits measuring. In the hydrogen filling direction, a hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31, an inlet pressure gauge 32, a booster pump 33, an outlet control valve 34, and an outlet pressure gauge 35 are provided in this order on the gas filling line 1. The buffer assembly 4 includes a buffer line 41, a buffer tank 42, and a flow meter 43 and a first control valve 44 provided on the buffer line 41. One end of the buffer line 41 and the gas supply line 1 are connected between the outlet control valve 34 and the booster pump 33, and the other end of the buffer line 41 is connected to the buffer tank 42. When hydrogenation is needed, the filling gun 2 can be butted with a filling port on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to be tested so as to fill hydrogen into a hydrogen storage bottle on the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Specifically, the hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31, the first control valve 44 and the outlet control valve 34 may be opened, a part of the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen gas source is fed into the hydrogen storage cylinder through the gas feeding pipe 1 and the filling gun 2 under the pressurization effect of the pressurization pump 33, and the other part of the hydrogen gas is fed into the buffer tank 42 through the buffer pipe 41, and the buffer tank 42 may store a part of the hydrogen gas, and after the hydrogen gas is filled, the buffer tank may play a role in buffering, so as to reduce the influence of the pulse-type variation of the pressure at the outlet of the pressurization pump 33 on the test accuracy of each test part downstream of the gas feeding pipe 1.

Further, the hydrogenation device further comprises a venting assembly 5, the venting assembly 5 comprises a venting pipeline 51 and a venting control valve 52 arranged on the venting pipeline 51, the inlet end of the venting pipeline 51 and the gas filling pipeline 1 are connected between the outlet control valve 34 and the filling gun 2, and the outlet end of the venting pipeline 51 is communicated with the outside atmosphere. The emptying assembly 5 can play a role in installation protection and can also be used for releasing the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle. Preferably, the purge control valve 52 is a solenoid valve, which facilitates automatic control of the purge function of the hydrogenation apparatus.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a controller, the hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31, the inlet pressure gauge 32, the booster pump 33, the outlet control valve 34, the outlet pressure gauge 35 and the components in the buffer assembly 4 are electrically connected, and the controller is configured to control the components of the hydrogenation apparatus to cooperate with each other to complete the hydrogenation method. The controller comprises a plurality of modules and software running thereon, which are known in the art.

In this embodiment, the hydrogen inlet control valve 31 and the outlet control valve 34 are both solenoid valves, and the hydrogen inlet control valve 31 and the outlet control valve 34 are both connected to the controller, so that the input end and the output end of the gas supply pipeline 1 can be automatically controlled. The first control valve 44 is a manual valve for facilitating active operation by an operator.

Optionally, the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a gas inlet pressure sensor 36 and a first outlet pressure sensor 37 both disposed on the gas inlet line 1, the gas inlet pressure sensor 36 is located between the gas inlet pressure gauge 32 and the booster pump 33, and the first outlet pressure sensor 37 is disposed between the filling gun 2 and the outlet control valve 34. The inlet pressure sensor 36 and the first outlet pressure sensor 37 are both connected to the controller, and the controller can collect pressure values at the input end and the output end of the gas supply pipeline 1 through the inlet pressure sensor 36 and the first outlet pressure sensor 37 so as to store and analyze data.

Optionally, the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a second control valve 38 disposed on the gas supply line 1, the second control valve 38 being located between the outlet control valve 34 and the connection of the gas supply line 1 and the buffer line 41. In this embodiment, the second control valve 38 is preferably a manual valve, which facilitates the active operation of the operator, and ensures the safety of the hydrogenation apparatus, thereby avoiding accidents.

Optionally, the buffer assembly 4 further comprises a second outlet pressure sensor 45 disposed on the buffer line 41. A second outlet pressure sensor 45 is connected to the controller and is operable to collect the pressure at the output of the buffer tank 42.

Optionally, the flare assembly 5 also includes a third control valve 53 connected in parallel with the flare control valve 52 on the flare line 51. In this embodiment, the third control valve 53 is a manual valve, and redundant protection can be provided by the third control valve 53 and the purge control valve 52, so as to prevent the purge control valve 52 from failing to cause a purge function to fail.

Optionally, the flare assembly 5 further comprises a flame arrestor 54 disposed at the outlet end of the flare line 51. Flame arrestor 54 may provide safety protection.

Optionally, the hydrogenation device further comprises a safety valve 6, an inlet end of the safety valve 6 is communicated with the gas adding pipeline 1 through a pipeline, and an outlet end of the safety valve 6 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a pipeline. When the air pressure in the air charging pipeline 1 exceeds the threshold value, the safety valve 6 is opened, the air charging pipeline 1 is communicated with the outside atmosphere at the moment, when the air pressure in the air charging pipeline 1 does not exceed the threshold value, the safety valve 6 is closed, and the safety valve 6 can be used for preventing the air pressure in the air charging pipeline 1 from being too high. Optionally, the safety valve 6 is also in communication with the outside atmosphere via a flame arrester 54.

Optionally, the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a nitrogen purging assembly 7, the nitrogen purging assembly 7 comprises a nitrogen replacement pipeline 71, and a nitrogen gas inlet control valve 72 and a check valve 73 which are arranged on the nitrogen replacement pipeline 71, one end of the nitrogen replacement pipeline 71 is used for connecting with a nitrogen gas source, the other end of the nitrogen replacement pipeline 71 and the gas filling pipeline 1 are connected between the hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31 and the gas filling pressure gauge 32, and the check valve 73 is configured to allow only nitrogen gas in the nitrogen replacement pipeline 71 to flow into the gas filling pipeline 1. The gas in the gas supply line 1 can be replaced by charging the gas supply line 1 with nitrogen gas. Before verification, residual air in the gas adding pipeline 1 can be removed by adding nitrogen into the gas adding pipeline 1, and safety accidents caused by oxygen mixed in the hydrogenation process are prevented.

Optionally, the hydrogenation apparatus further comprises a filter 8 mounted on the gas supply line 1, and the filter 8 is located between the hydrogen gas inlet control valve 31 and the inlet pressure gauge 32.

FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a hydrogenation process in an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 1, this embodiment provides a hydrogenation method, which is implemented by the above hydrogenation apparatus, and the hydrogenation method includes the following steps:

s10: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAccording to the ambient temperature T_nCalculating a target pressure P when a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested is filled with hydrogen_nWherein n is 1.

Target pressure P_nIs at ambient temperature T_nAnd then filling the hydrogen storage bottle on the vehicle to be tested with hydrogen to obtain the pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle. The standard for filling with hydrogen is at a temperature T_nAnd pressure P_nNext, the SOC is in the range of 100% + -0.5%. Ambient temperature T_nCan be obtained through a temperature instrument on the vehicle to be tested or directly measured through a thermometer.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, S10 includes S11 to S13.

S11: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_nAnd presetting the ambient temperature T_nTarget pressure P of hydrogen storage bottle on vehicle to be tested_n. At present, the filling pressure of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage bottle on a hydrogen fuel cell automobile is generally two specifications, wherein one is filled to 35MPa under the condition that the temperature is 15 ℃; the other is at 15 deg.C, and the mixture is injected to 70 MPa. Thus, the preset target pressure P_n35MPa or 70MPa can be selected according to the needs to reduce the operation times.

S12: according to the formulaAnd

calculating a target filling density of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, wherein rho_nA target fill density for hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle; z_nIs a pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nThe compression factor of hydrogen.

Table v_ijValue-taking table

According to the formula

Calculating the pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nA target fill level of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle under conditions; therein, SOC_nIs a pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nThe target filling degree of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle under the condition is temperature pressure P_nAnd temperature T_nDensity of hydrogen under the conditions, and ρ (P)_n，T_n)＝ρ_nRho (NWP, 15 ℃) at 15 ℃ and pressureDensity of hydrogen at 35MPa or 70 MPa.

S13: if SOC_n＞100.5％，P_n＝P_n0.1Mpa, step S11;

if SOC_n＜99.5％，P_n＝P_n+0.1Mpa, go to step S11;

until the SOC is less than or equal to 99.5 percent_n≤100.5％。

Iterating P through steps S11-S13_nAfter the SOC is controlled to be within the range of 100% +/-0.5%, which is equivalent to that the SOC is controlled to be between 99.5% and 100.5%, the step S20 is performed. Whereby the temperature T can be obtained_nNext, the hydrogen storage cylinder is filled with hydrogen gas at a target pressure P_n。

S20: filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle to adjust the actual pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to the target pressure P_nThe hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle can be adjusted to P by the hydrogenation device_n。

When the pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle is less than the target pressure P_nIt is necessary to open the hydrogen inlet control valve 31, the first control valve 44 and the outlet control valve 34 on the hydrogen storage device, close the emptying control valve 52, and at this time, the hydrogen in the hydrogen source is filled into the hydrogen storage bottle and the buffer tank 42 under the pressurization of the booster pump 33, and the buffer tank 42 can play a role in avoiding the influence on the downstream components of the gas filling pipeline 1 due to the pulse-type pressure variation at the outlet end of the booster pump 33. The actual pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle is greater than the target pressure P_nIn the case of (1), the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage cylinder is reduced to P through an emptying pipeline of the hydrogen storage cylinder system_n. The pressure of the gas in the hydrogen storage cylinder may be obtained by the first outlet pressure sensor 37.

S30: and closing the hydrogenation device, and standing the vehicle to be tested for a set time. The setting time here is preferably 30 min. Obtaining the ambient temperature T at this time_n+1And the actual pressure P of the hydrogen in said hydrogen storage cylinder_n’。

At this point, the valve 34 in the hydrogenation unit is closed, the filling gun 2 is kept connected to the vehicle to be tested, and the pressure P can be obtained by the first outlet pressure sensor 37_n’。

The vehicle to be tested is left standing for 30min, and the temperature in the hydrogen cylinder can be reduced to the ambient temperature. It should be noted that, by way of example and not limitation, the present embodiment does not limit the standing time of the vehicle to be tested, but ensures that the temperature inside the hydrogen storage bottle can be reduced to the ambient temperature during the period of time that the vehicle to be tested is standing.

S40: calculating ambient temperature T_n+1Target pressure P when filling hydrogen gas into a hydrogen storage bottle on a vehicle to be tested_n+1。

S40 specifically includes S41 to S43:

s41: preset ambient temperature T_n+1Target pressure P of lower hydrogen storage bottle_n+1。

S42: according to the formula

And

calculating a target filling density of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, wherein rho_n+1A target fill density for hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle; z_n+1Is a pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1The compression factor of the lower hydrogen gas;

according to the formula

Calculating the pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1A target fill level of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle under conditions; therein, SOC_n+1Is a pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1The target filling degree of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle under the condition is temperature pressure P_n+1And temperature T_n+1Density of hydrogen under the conditions, and ρ (P)_n+1，T_n+1)＝ρ_n+1Rho (NWP, 15 ℃) is the density of hydrogen at the temperature of 15 ℃ and the pressure of 35Mpa or 70 Mpa;

s43: if SOC_n+1＞100.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+10.1Mpa, step S41;

if SOC_n+1＜99.5％，P_n+1＝P_n+1+0.1Mpa, go to step S41;

until the SOC is less than or equal to 99.5 percent_n+1≤100.5％。

Iterating P through steps S41-S43_n+1Making SOC be in the range of 100% +/-0.5%, namely controlling SOC to be more than or equal to 99.5% and less than or equal to 100.5%, then entering the subsequent steps.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, T is calculated_n+1Target pressure P of lower hydrogen storage bottle_n+1And the temperature T calculated in step S10_nTarget pressure P of lower hydrogen cylinder_nIs consistent.

S50: calculating Δ P ═ P_n+1-P_n’；

If Δ P>0.3MPa or Δ P<0.3Mpa, i.e. Δ P is greater than 0.3Mpa in absolute value, n ═ n +1, step S20 is performed. In particular P_n+1Substitution into P_nExecution continues from step S20.

And executing the step S60 until the delta P is more than or equal to-0.3 MPa and less than or equal to 0.3MPa, namely the absolute value of the delta P is less than 0.3 MPa.

It should be noted that, in general, when Δ P is>0.3MPa, which indicates that the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle is not full at the moment, hydrogen gas needs to be filled into the hydrogen storage bottle through a hydrogenation device in S20, and when delta P is less than or equal to-0.3 MPa, which indicates that the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle exceeds the target pressure P at the moment_n+1When the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle is in a full state, a part of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle needs to be released through a vent pipeline of the hydrogen storage bottle system in S20.

S60: according to the formula

And

calculating the storageThe mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen bottle; wherein, w₁Is the mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder, V is the volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder, Z₂Is a pressure of P_n', temperature is T_n+1Compression factor of hydrogen under conditions.

Wherein n is an integer greater than zero.

It should be noted that the calculation formula of the compression factor refers to the national standard GB/T35178-2017 method for measuring the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell electric vehicle.

It can be ensured at the current temperature T through the steps S10 to S60_n+1Next, the hydrogen storage bottle was filled with hydrogen gas, and the mass of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle at that time was calculated.

The following steps are also included after step S60:

s70: after the vehicle to be tested runs for N kilometers, the filling gun 2 is butted with a hydrogen filling port of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the hydrogen storage bottle is filled with w mass through a hydrogenation device₂After the hydrogen is removed, the hydrogenation unit is closed.

Specifically, the purpose of S70 is to obtain the pressure of the gas in the hydrogen storage bottle at the real-time ambient temperature to calculate the mass of the gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, so as to further calculate the mass of the hydrogen consumed by the vehicle to be tested after driving for N kilometers, and therefore, the hydrogen in the buffer tank 42 is filled into the hydrogen storage bottle only by opening the first control valve 44, the outlet control valve 34, and closing the hydrogen inlet control valve 31 and the vent control valve 52 without filling too much hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle. When the buffer tank 42 fills hydrogen gas into the hydrogen storage bottle, the change of the hydrogen gas temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle is not easy to cause because the filling amount of the hydrogen gas in the buffer tank 42 is small and the change of the pressure difference is small. It is noted that w₂Not less than 0.1kg, the filling of the hydrogen storage bottle with the mass w needs to be completed within 30 minutes₂Hydrogen (c) is used. w is a₂Can be obtained from the value added by the flow meter 43 at the output of the buffer tank 42.

S80: obtaining a real-time ambient temperature T_n+2And obtaining the pressure P of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle_n+2. After filling, the valve 34 is closed, keeping the filling gun 2 connected to the vehicle to be tested, and allowing pressure transmission through the first outletThe sensor 37 obtains the pressure P_n+2。

S90: according to the formula

And

calculating the mass w of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle at that time₃,Z_n+2Is a pressure of P_n+2Temperature of T_n+2Compression factor of hydrogen under conditions.

S100: and calculating the mass X of hydrogen consumed by the vehicle to be tested per 100 kilometers of running.

Wherein, w₁+w₂-w₃The mass of hydrogen remaining in the hydrogen cylinder, i.e., the amount of hydrogen consumed by the vehicle to be tested while driving N km.

The hydrogenation method and the hydrogenation device provided by the embodiment can accurately fill hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle on the vehicle to be tested until the SOC is between 99.5% and 100.5%, and at least ensure that the filling degree of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle is matched with the external environment temperature when the hydrogenation is finished, so that the mass of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle can be accurately calculated without weighing. After the vehicle to be tested runs for N kilometers, further hydrogenation is carried out on the measurement to be tested, the air pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle of the vehicle to be tested and the real-time environment temperature are collected, the residual mass of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle at the moment can be accurately obtained without weighing, and the residual amount of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle in the testing process can be calculated by subtracting the residual mass from the sum of the hydrogen masses filled twice.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.