阅读说明：本技术 一种车轮测量设备 (Wheel measuring equipment ) 是由 李忠明 唐延甫 李俊霖 韩冰 杨永强 李洪雨 赵宇 聂真威 于 2019-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种车轮测量设备,包括：支架,横跨轨道两侧；高度测量头,用于在测量高度方向距离；纵向驱动机构,用于驱动所述高度测量头沿轨道延伸方向水平移动；纵向测距仪,用于测量所述高度测量头纵向移动距离。通过高度测量头、纵向驱动机构和纵向测距仪,能够测量轮面最高点即与另一个点之间的高度方向距离以及纵向方向间距,通过这两个距离,根据圆的特点,即可以知道圆的半径。上述测量过程操作简单方便,仅仅通过圆上部的两个点,即可以知道整个圆的半径,所以测量难度小。所以该车轮测量设备能够有效地解决轨道车轮测量难度大的问题。(The invention discloses a wheel measuring apparatus, comprising: the bracket spans two sides of the track; a height measuring head for measuring a distance in a height direction; the longitudinal driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head to horizontally move along the extending direction of the rail; and the longitudinal distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the longitudinal movement distance of the height measuring head. Through height measurement head, vertical actuating mechanism and vertical distancer, can measure the wheel face peak promptly with the direction of height distance and the longitudinal direction interval between another point, through these two distances, according to the characteristics of circle, can know the radius of circle. The measuring process is simple and convenient to operate, the radius of the whole circle can be known only through two points on the upper part of the circle, and therefore the measuring difficulty is small. Therefore, the wheel measuring equipment can effectively solve the problem of high difficulty in measuring the rail wheels.)

1. A wheel measuring apparatus, characterized by comprising:

the bracket spans two sides of the track;

a height measuring head for measuring a distance in a height direction;

the longitudinal driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head to horizontally move along the extending direction of the rail;

and the longitudinal distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the longitudinal movement distance of the height measuring head.

2. The wheel measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: the transverse driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head to horizontally move along the direction vertical to the track; and the transverse distance meter is used for measuring the transverse moving distance of the height measuring head.

3. The wheel measuring apparatus of claim 2, wherein the bracket includes a support rail crossing the rail and two support legs provided at both ends of the support rail, respectively, the support rail is provided with a first slider slidably engaged with the support rail in a width direction of the rail, the first slider is provided with a second slider slidably engaged with the first slider in an extending direction of the rail, and the height measuring head is mounted on the second slider.

4. The wheel measuring apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first slider is disposed at a lower side of the support rail and connected thereto by an inverted trapezoidal sliding groove; the second sliding blocks are arranged on the lower sides of the first sliding blocks and are connected through inverted trapezoidal sliding grooves; the longitudinal driving mechanism is arranged on the first sliding block and is an electric cylinder; the transverse driving mechanism is installed on the supporting rail and is an electric cylinder.

5. A wheel measuring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the height measuring head is a laser rangefinder and the longitudinal rangefinder and the transverse rangefinder are both grating scales.

6. The wheel measuring device of claim 5, wherein the support leg comprises a trapezoidal outer frame and a middle cross bar arranged in the trapezoidal outer frame, two ends of the middle cross bar are respectively connected with the waist edges of the trapezoidal outer frame, the top edge of the trapezoidal outer frame is fixedly connected with the end part of the support rail, and two ends of the bottom edge of the trapezoidal outer frame are provided with extension parts protruding out of the waist edges.

7. The wheel measuring apparatus of claim 6, comprising two sets of measuring assemblies for measuring the radius of the wheels on both sides, respectively, the measuring assemblies comprising the first slider, the lateral driving mechanism, the second slider, the longitudinal driving mechanism, the height measuring head, the lateral distance meter, and the longitudinal distance meter.

8. The wheel measuring apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a support base fixed relative to the support frame, the support base having a track disposed thereon.

9. A wheel measuring apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the rail and the support floor are a steel body formed in one piece.

10. A wheel measuring apparatus according to any of claims 1-7, further comprising a controller operable to:

controlling the longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head to continuously measure the wheel face height in the movement along the longitudinal direction to obtain the highest point;

controlling the longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head to move a preset distance A from the highest point, and measuring the height difference B between the wheel surface at the position and the wheel surface at the highest point according to the height measuring head;

according to the formula R²＝A²+(R-B)²And calculating an R value, wherein the R value is the radius of the wheel surface.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment detection, in particular to wheel measuring equipment.

Background

The rail transit is one of the important transportation means for the public to travel, and as the traveling speed of the rail vehicle is gradually increased, the requirements on the processing and manufacturing quality of parts are gradually stricter. The wheel is a main part for bearing load, the dimensional accuracy of the wheel directly determines the safety and the service life of the rail vehicle, and the insufficient accuracy of the wheel can cause uneven load distribution and possibly cause traffic accidents. The precise measurement technology of the diameter of the rolling circle of the wheel is particularly important.

At present, manual detection is mostly adopted on the site of production and manufacturing units, manual measurement is carried out by using special measuring tools, the measurement efficiency is low, the error ratio is large, the parameter coverage is low, and the personnel interference factors are more, so that the high-precision non-contact bogie wheel diameter detection method is particularly important.

In summary, how to effectively solve the problem of high difficulty in measuring the rail wheel is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a wheel measuring apparatus that can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in measuring a rail wheel.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a wheel measuring apparatus comprising:

the bracket spans two sides of the track;

a height measuring head for measuring a distance in a height direction;

the longitudinal driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head to horizontally move along the extending direction of the rail;

and the longitudinal distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the longitudinal movement distance of the height measuring head.

At this wheel measuring equipment, through the support to make the height measurement head can the suspension at the wheel upside, and through height measurement head and vertical actuating mechanism mating reaction, in order to can find out the wheel face peak of wheel, then through height measurement head, vertical actuating mechanism and vertical distancer, can measure the wheel face peak promptly with another point between direction of height distance and vertical direction interval, through these two distances, according to the characteristics of circle, can know the radius of circle. The measuring process is simple and convenient to operate, the radius of the whole circle can be known only through two points on the upper part of the circle, and therefore the measuring difficulty is small. To sum up, this wheel measuring equipment can solve the big problem of the track wheel measurement degree of difficulty effectively.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the transverse driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head to horizontally move along the direction vertical to the track; and the transverse distance meter is used for measuring the transverse moving distance of the height measuring head.

Preferably, the support comprises a support rail crossing the track and two support legs respectively arranged at two ends of the support rail, a first slide block in sliding fit with the support rail along the width direction of the track is arranged on the support rail, a second slide block in sliding fit with the first slide block along the extending direction of the track is arranged on the first slide block, and the height measuring head is arranged on the second slide block.

Preferably, the first sliding block is arranged at the lower side of the support rail and is connected with the support rail through an inverted trapezoid sliding groove; the second sliding blocks are arranged on the lower sides of the first sliding blocks and are connected through inverted trapezoidal sliding grooves; the longitudinal driving mechanism is arranged on the first sliding block and is an electric cylinder; the transverse driving mechanism is installed on the supporting rail and is an electric cylinder.

Preferably, the height measuring head is a laser range finder, and the longitudinal range finder and the transverse range finder are grating rulers.

Preferably, the supporting leg includes trapezoidal frame and sets up in the trapezoidal frame and both ends respectively with the middle horizontal pole that trapezoidal frame waist was connected, the topside of trapezoidal frame with support rail tip fixed connection, the base both ends have the extension that the protrusion waist set up.

Preferably, the measuring device comprises two groups of measuring assemblies for respectively measuring the radiuses of the wheel bodies on two sides, wherein each measuring assembly comprises the first sliding block, the transverse driving mechanism, the second sliding block, the longitudinal driving mechanism, the height measuring head, the transverse distance meter and the longitudinal distance meter.

Preferably, the support device further comprises a support bottom plate fixed opposite to the support, and a track is arranged on the support bottom plate.

Preferably, the rail and the support base plate are integrally formed steel bodies.

Preferably, the method further comprises a controller, the controller being operable to:

controlling the longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head to continuously measure the wheel face height in the movement along the longitudinal direction to obtain the highest point;

controlling the longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head to move a preset distance A from the highest point, and measuring the height difference B between the wheel surface at the position and the wheel surface at the highest point according to the height measuring head;

according to the formula R²＝A²+(R-B)²And calculating an R value, wherein the R value is the radius of the wheel surface.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a height measuring head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of radius calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The drawings are numbered as follows:

support rail 1, supporting leg 2, first slider 3, second slider 4, height measuring head 5, inverted trapezoidal spout 6, support bottom plate 7, track 8, peak 9, middle measuring point 10.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the invention discloses wheel measuring equipment, which aims to effectively solve the problem of high difficulty in measuring rail wheels.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a height measuring head according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic view of radius calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In a specific embodiment, the present embodiment provides a wheel measuring apparatus, which is particularly used for measuring wheel radius or diameter of a rail car, and therefore may be particularly a rail car wheel measuring apparatus. Specifically, the wheel measuring apparatus includes a bracket, a height measuring head 5, a longitudinal driving mechanism, and a longitudinal measuring instrument. Wherein the brackets span both sides of the track 8 to better support the various components.

The height measuring head 5 is used for measuring the distance in the height direction, the height measuring head 5 is arranged above the wheel surface, the height relation between the wheel surface and the support can be measured, and when the height measuring head 5 moves along the extending direction of the track 8, the height of the wheel surface at different positions in the length direction of the track 8 can be measured. Wherein height measurement head 5, at the measuring in-process, in order to guarantee the precision, need guarantee that the measuring direction is vertical downwards, if take place the deviation, then measuring result also can take place the deviation, consequently this height measurement head 5 principle only need select can measure length direction distance can, but in the in-service use, should ensure measuring direction. Specifically, the height measuring head 5 may be a ruler, but the ruler needs to be moved when measuring, which causes error to be easily caused and measurement to be inconvenient, and based on this, it is preferable that the height measuring head 5 is a laser range finder.

Wherein, the longitudinal driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head 5 to horizontally move along the extending direction of the track 8; and the longitudinal distance meter therein is used for measuring the longitudinal movement distance of the height measuring head 5. The longitudinal driving mechanism has a specific structure based on linear driving, such as a telescopic cylinder, an electric cylinder and the like, wherein the electric cylinder refers to a combined driving mechanism of a motor and a lead screw nut. It should be noted that, in practical use, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the height measuring head 5 should be horizontally moved under the driving of the longitudinal driving mechanism, and the larger the deviation of the horizontal movement, the larger the influence of the later measurement result. The longitudinal distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the longitudinal horizontal movement distance of the height measuring head 5, specifically, a laser distance measuring instrument can be adopted, and for measurement convenience, a grating ruler is preferred.

When the wheel measuring device is applied, firstly, the wheel measuring device is installed near the track 8 so that the extending direction of the track 8 is consistent with the driving direction of the longitudinal driving mechanism, then the track vehicle to be measured runs forwards along the set track 8 until the wheel to be measured is positioned right below the height measuring head 5, and then the longitudinal driving mechanism is started to drive the height measuring head 5 to continuously measure the wheel face height in the movement along the longitudinal direction so as to obtain the highest point 9 of the wheel face; then, starting the longitudinal driving mechanism again to drive the height measuring head 5 to move for a preset distance A from the highest point 9, and measuring the height difference B between the wheel surface at the position and the wheel surface at the highest point 9 according to the height measuring head 5; then according to the formula R2 ═ A2+ (R-B)²And calculating an R value, wherein the R value is the radius of the wheel surface.

At this wheel measuring equipment, through the support to make height measurement head 5 can hang at the wheel upside, and through height measurement head 5 and vertical actuating mechanism mating reaction, with can finding out wheel face peak 9, then through height measurement head 5, vertical actuating mechanism and vertical distancer, can measure wheel face peak 9 promptly with the direction of height distance and the vertical direction interval between another point, through these two distances, according to the characteristics of circle, can know the radius of circle. The measuring process is simple and convenient to operate, the radius of the whole circle can be known only through two points on the upper part of the circle, and therefore the measuring difficulty is small. The wheel measuring equipment can effectively solve the problem of high difficulty in measuring the rail wheels.

Further, considering that for a rail vehicle, the radius to be measured mainly refers to the radius of a rolling circle, the rolling circle of the current rail vehicle is generally set by taking an inner side circle of a wheel as a reference, and the distance between the rolling circles is generally 50 mm or 70 mm. On the basis of the above, in order to facilitate the user to find the rolling circle, it is preferable to further include a transverse driving mechanism and a transverse distance meter, wherein the transverse driving mechanism is used for driving the height measuring head 5 to horizontally move along the direction perpendicular to the rail 8; and the transverse distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the transverse moving distance of the height measuring head 5. The driving principle of the transverse driving mechanism may be the same as that of the longitudinal driving mechanism, for example, a telescopic cylinder or an electric cylinder may be used, but it should be noted that, under the driving of the transverse driving mechanism, the transverse movement of the height measuring head 5 is preferably horizontal movement, and the larger the deviation of levelness, the larger the deviation of the final measurement result is easily caused. The transverse distance measuring instrument is used for measuring the transverse horizontal movement distance of the height measuring head 5, specifically, a laser distance measuring instrument can be adopted, and for measurement convenience, a grating ruler is preferred.

Specifically, during the application, according to rail vehicle setup parameter, learn the spacing distance between roll circle and the wheel inboard circle in advance, then through horizontal actuating mechanism drive height measuring head 5 lateral shifting to measure the height of wheel face on the width direction through height measuring head 5, because the wheel is inboard, can form the wheel face height dip, so can find the wheel is inboard, then horizontal actuating mechanism drive height measuring head 5 transversely outwards removes above-mentioned spacing distance of knowing, can be in order to confirm the roll circle.

As described above, the levelness of the movement of the height measuring head 5 during the lateral and longitudinal movements has a great influence on the measuring result, and in order to ensure that the measuring accuracy meets the requirement, the support preferably includes the support rail 1 crossing the rail 8 and the two support legs 2 respectively disposed at both ends of the support rail 1, so as to be supported from both ends of the support rail 1 by the two support legs 2, and to ensure the position stability of the support rail 1. Wherein support and be provided with on the rail 1 along 8 width direction of track and support rail 1 sliding fit's first slider 3, only along 8 extending direction of track on the first slider 3 with first slider 3 sliding fit's second slider 4, height measuring head 5 is installing on second slider 4. The first slide 3 and the second slide 4 allow precise displacement of the measuring head 5 in the transverse direction and in the longitudinal direction with an effectively defined height, in order to ensure the measuring accuracy.

For convenience of connection, the first sliding block 3 is preferably arranged at the lower side of the supporting rail 1 and connected with the supporting rail through the inverted trapezoid sliding groove 6; the same second sliding block 4 is arranged at the lower side of the first sliding block 3 and is connected with the first sliding block through an inverted trapezoid sliding groove 6. Specifically, a first sliding groove with an inverted trapezoidal cross section can be formed in the lower side of the support rail 1, and a first inverted trapezoidal protrusion in sliding fit with the first sliding groove is formed in the upper side of the first sliding block 3; a second inverted trapezoidal sliding groove can be formed in the lower side of the first sliding block 3, and a second inverted trapezoidal protrusion in sliding fit with the second sliding groove is formed in the upper side of the second sliding block 4.

Wherein longitudinal drive mechanism is used for driving second slider 4 and slides for first slider 3, and then drives height measuring head 5 and remove along 8 extending direction in the track, and is specific, can make longitudinal drive mechanism install on first slider 3. Wherein horizontal actuating mechanism is used for driving first slider 3 and supports the rail 1 and slide relatively, and then drives height measuring head 5 and remove along 8 lateral directions in the track, and is specific, can make horizontal actuating mechanism install on supporting rail 1.

It should be noted that, in general, when measuring, the wheels on the left and right sides need to be measured, and for convenience of measurement, two sets of measuring assemblies are preferably connected to the support rail 1 in a sliding manner to measure the wheels on the left and right sides respectively. Specifically, each set of measuring components should include a first slider 3, a lateral driving mechanism, a second slider 4, a longitudinal driving mechanism, a height measuring head 5, a lateral distance meter, and a longitudinal distance meter.

As mentioned above, the stability supported by the support rail 1 will greatly affect the measurement accuracy, for better support, it is preferable that the support leg 2 includes a trapezoidal outer frame and a middle cross bar disposed in the trapezoidal outer frame and having two ends connected to the waist edges of the trapezoidal outer frame, wherein the top edge of the trapezoidal outer frame is fixedly connected to the end of the support rail 1, the bottom edge of the trapezoidal outer frame is the support edge, and for ensuring the support strength, it is preferable that the two ends have an extension portion protruding out of the waist edge, that is, the extension portion extends along the extending direction of the bottom edge.

Furthermore, considering that the direction and the levelness of the rail 8 affect the measurement result, it is preferable to further include a support base plate 7 fixed relative to the bracket, and the support base plate 7 is provided with a rail 8 to guide the rail vehicle through the rail 8 of the support base plate 7, so that each structure has a stable position relation with the rail 8. In order to ensure better stability of the overall structure, the rails 8 and the support base 7 are preferably formed as an integrally formed steel body.

Further, for more automated measurement, a controller is preferably provided here, which is capable of controlling the actuation of the various components in the following steps to obtain the final radius of the wheel to be measured. The method comprises the following specific steps:

step 100: and controlling the longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head 5 to continuously measure the wheel surface height in the movement along the longitudinal direction to obtain the highest point 9.

Specifically, it may be set that a limited number of points are measured in the longitudinal direction of the rail 8, the distance between the points is memorized by the longitudinal distance meter, two points with the highest height are selected according to the measured points, a point is randomly determined between the two points or determined according to the height difference of the two points as a ratio, and the point is taken as the highest point 9, although it is also possible to determine a point in other manners as the highest point 9.

Step 200: and controlling a longitudinal driving mechanism to start so as to drive the height measuring head 5 to move a preset distance A from the highest point 9, and measuring the height difference B between the wheel surface at the position and the wheel surface at the highest point 9 according to the height measuring head 5.

It should be noted that before the step 200 is started, according to the continuous measurement in the step 100, it can be determined whether the height measuring head 5 is located at the selected highest point 9, and if not, according to the distance between the current position and the highest point 9, which is known by the longitudinal distance meter, the longitudinal driving mechanism drives the height measuring head 5 to move to the highest point 9 according to the obtained distance. Control is then performed as per step 200. That is, the predetermined distance a is not too small and can be selected according to the approximate range of the wheel radius, which is selected by the general user, by activating the longitudinal driving mechanism to drive the height measuring head 5 to move longitudinally from the highest point 9 by the predetermined distance a, which reaches the intermediate measuring point 10. In practical applications, the value may be fixed, e.g. approximately at about half the radius. Then, after the height measuring head 5 moves to this point, the height in the vertical direction is measured by the height measuring head 5 to obtain the height difference B between the wheel surface of the middle measuring point 10 and the wheel surface of the highest point 9.

Step 300: according to the formula R²＝A²+(R-B)²And calculating an R value, wherein the R value is the radius of the wheel surface.

And forming a right-angled triangle according to the selected point, the circle center and the intersection point between the longitudinal horizontal line where the selected point is located and the radius of the highest point 9, wherein the lengths of the two right-angled sides are A, R-B respectively, the length of the waist side is R, and the numerical value of R can be known through the column equation.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.