阅读说明：本技术 透镜结构、透镜天线及电子设备 (Lens structure, lens antenna and electronic equipment ) 是由 杨帆 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种透镜结构、透镜天线及电子设备。该透镜结构利用多对第二导电片可产生人工表面等离激元波导,通过设置层间或层内波导结构的第二导电片的长度的渐变规律,从而获得不同的折射率分布规律以实现波束汇聚功能,且电磁波沿波导传输过程介质损耗低,故在实际应用中可以实现损耗更小、效率更高、宽带更大的透镜天线。此外,通过交替叠层设置的介质层和波导层,还可以实现低成本透镜的组装制备。(The application relates to a lens structure, a lens antenna and an electronic device. The lens structure can generate artificial surface plasmon waveguides by utilizing a plurality of pairs of second conducting strips, and the gradual change rule of the lengths of the second conducting strips of the waveguide structure between layers or in the layers is set, so that different refractive index distribution rules are obtained to realize the wave beam convergence function, and the dielectric loss of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide transmission process is low, so that the lens antenna with smaller loss, higher efficiency and larger broadband can be realized in practical application. In addition, the dielectric layer and the waveguide layer which are alternately arranged in a laminated manner can also realize the assembly preparation of the low-cost lens.)

1. A lens structure, comprising:

a plurality of dielectric layers;

the multilayer waveguide layer, the waveguide layer with the dielectric layer sets up along the alternative stromatolite of first direction, the waveguide layer includes:

one or more waveguide structures, a plurality of which are spaced and arranged in parallel; the waveguide structure comprises a first conducting strip and at least one pair of second conducting strips, wherein each pair of second conducting strips is arranged on two sides of the first conducting strip in the axial direction respectively;

the waveguide layers are arranged on the same axis, and a first gradual change rule of the length of the second conducting strip is arranged among the waveguide structures on the same axis, and/or a second gradual change rule of the length is arranged among the waveguide structures; the axis is a straight line which penetrates through any waveguide layer and is parallel to the first direction, and the length direction of the second conducting strip is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first conducting strip.

2. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein the first gradual change rule is that the length decreases symmetrically from a central position of the axis toward the waveguide structures on both sides, and the second gradual change rule is that the length decreases symmetrically from an arrangement center of the plurality of waveguide structures of the waveguide layer toward both sides;

when the number of the waveguide layers is at least three, the first gradual change rule is formed among a plurality of waveguide structures on the same axis in the plurality of waveguide layers; and/or when the number of the waveguide structures of the waveguide layer is at least three, the plurality of waveguide structures of the waveguide layer have the second gradual change rule;

when the number of the waveguide layers is one or two, the waveguide layers comprise at least three waveguide structures, and the second gradual change rule is formed among a plurality of waveguide structures of the waveguide layers.

3. A lens structure according to claim 2, wherein said first law of progression is applied between a plurality of said waveguide layers lying on the same axis:

said lengths of a plurality of said waveguide structures in said waveguide layer are the same; or the second gradual change law is arranged among a plurality of waveguide structures in the waveguide layer.

4. The lens structure of claim 2, wherein the second grading law is applied between a plurality of the waveguide structures in the waveguide layer:

the lengths of a plurality of the waveguide structures in the same axis among the plurality of waveguide layers are the same; and the first gradual change rule is formed among a plurality of waveguide structures on the same axis in the waveguide layers.

5. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein each pair of the second conductive plates is axially mirror-symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first conductive plate; or each pair of the second conducting strips is axially and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first conducting strip in a sliding manner.

6. The lens structure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of second conductive sheets on the same side of the first conductive sheet in the waveguide structure are equally spaced and arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second conductive sheets have the same length.

7. A lens structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said waveguide structures in said waveguide layer are arranged at equal intervals.

8. A lens structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first conductive sheet is provided axially with a first connection region and a second connection region, the second conductive sheet being provided on the second connection region, the waveguide structure further comprising:

at least one pair of matching sections arranged on the first connecting region, wherein each pair of matching sections is respectively arranged on two sides of the first conducting strip, and the length direction of each matching section is parallel to the length direction of the second conducting strip;

in the length direction, the length of the matching section of the same waveguide structure is smaller than that of the second conducting strip.

9. The lens structure of claim 8, wherein each pair of matching segments is axially mirror symmetrically disposed on both sides of the first conductive sheet; or each pair of matching sections is axially and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first conducting strip in a sliding mode.

10. The lens structure of claim 8, wherein the first conductive sheet is further provided with a third connection region in an axial direction, and the first connection region, the second connection region, and the third connection region are arranged in the axial direction; the waveguide structure includes:

and the multiple pairs of matching sections are respectively arranged in the first connecting area and the third connecting area, and a third gradual change rule is arranged between the multiple pairs of matching sections.

11. The lens structure according to claim 10, wherein said third gradient rule is that the lengths of pairs of said matching segments decrease from a side of said first connection region near said second connection region to a side of said first connection region away from said second connection region, and/or decrease from a side of said third connection region near said second connection region to a side of said third connection region away from said second connection region.

12. The lens structure of claim 8, wherein a spacing between two adjacent second conductive strips on the waveguide structure is equal to a spacing between two adjacent matching segments.

13. A lens antenna, comprising:

a feed source array; and

a lens structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 arranged in parallel with the array of feeds.

14. The lens antenna of claim 13, further comprising:

a first metal plate;

the second metal flat plate is parallel to the first metal flat plate and is arranged at intervals;

wherein the lens structure and the feed array are respectively arranged between the first metal flat plate and the second metal flat plate.

15. The lens antenna of claim 14, wherein the first direction is parallel to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, respectively.

16. The lens antenna of claim 15, wherein the polarization directions of the lens antenna are perpendicular to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, respectively.

17. The lens antenna of claim 14, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the first and second metal plates, respectively.

18. The lens antenna of claim 17, wherein the polarization directions of the lens antenna are parallel to the first metal plate and the second metal plate, respectively.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a lens antenna according to any one of claims 13-18.

20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the feed array comprises a plurality of feed units, the electronic device further comprising:

the detection module is used for acquiring the beam signal intensity of the lens antenna when the feed source unit is in a working state;

the switch module is connected with the feed source array and used for selectively conducting a connecting path with any one feed source unit;

and the control module is respectively connected with the detection module and the switch module and is used for controlling the switch module according to the beam signal intensity so as to enable the feed source unit corresponding to the strongest beam signal intensity to be in a working state.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a lens structure, a lens antenna, and an electronic device.

Background

The lens antenna is an antenna consisting of a lens and a feed source, and can ensure that electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source are emitted in parallel through the lens by utilizing the convergence characteristic of the lens, or ensure that the electromagnetic waves incident in parallel are converged to the feed source after passing through the lens. Because electromagnetic waves generally need to pass through a plurality of dielectric layers when entering the lens, the introduction of the dielectric will cause the loss of the electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the efficiency of the lens antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, there is a need for a lens structure, a lens antenna, and an electronic device that can improve the efficiency of the lens antenna.

In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the following technical scheme is adopted:

a lens structure, comprising:

a plurality of dielectric layers;

the multi-waveguide layer is alternately laminated with the dielectric layers along a first direction, and the waveguide layer comprises:

one or more waveguide structures, a plurality of which are spaced and arranged in parallel; the waveguide structure comprises a first conducting strip and at least one pair of second conducting strips, wherein each pair of second conducting strips is arranged on two sides of the first conducting strip in the axial direction respectively;

the waveguide layer comprises a plurality of waveguide structures which are arranged on the same axis, wherein a first gradual change rule of the length of the second conducting strip is arranged among the plurality of waveguide structures on the same axis in the plurality of waveguide layers, and/or a second gradual change rule of the length is arranged among the plurality of waveguide structures of the waveguide layers; the axis is a straight line which penetrates through any waveguide layer and is parallel to the first direction, and the length direction of the second conducting strip is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first conducting strip.

A lens antenna, comprising:

a feed source array; and

a lens structure as described above arranged parallel to the array of feeds.

An electronic device comprising a lens antenna as described above.

Above-mentioned lens structure utilizes the second conducting strip of symmetry can produce artifical surface plasmon waveguide, through the gradual change law of the length of the second conducting strip that sets up layer or in-layer waveguide structure to obtain refractive index distribution law and assemble the function in order to realize the wave beam, and the electromagnetic wave is low along waveguide transmission process dielectric loss, so can realize in practical application that the loss is littleer, efficiency is higher, the bigger lens antenna of broadband. In addition, the dielectric layer and the waveguide layer which are alternately arranged in a laminated manner can also realize the assembly preparation of the low-cost lens.

The lens antenna comprises the feed source array and the lens structure, and can realize the lens antenna with smaller loss, higher efficiency, larger broadband and lower cost through the symmetrical structure of the second conducting strip in the lens structure and the gradual change rule of the length; the multi-beam emergent and beam scanning can be realized through the arrangement of the feed source array.

The electronic device including the lens antenna has the advantages of smaller loss, higher efficiency, larger broadband and lower cost, and can realize multi-beam emission and beam scanning, so that the electronic device can realize high-efficiency, high-gain and low-cost beam scanning.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lens structure according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide structure in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide structure in another embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of waveguide structures according to a first tapering rule in an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of waveguide structures according to a second tapering rule in an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lens structure according to an alternative embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lens structure according to a second alternative embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a lens structure according to a third alternative embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a lens configuration according to a fourth alternative embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fifth alternative embodiment of a lens configuration;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a waveguide structure in another embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a waveguide structure in another embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide structure in another embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna according to an embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a feed array in one embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna in another embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna in another embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a beam scanning pattern in one embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment;

fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens structure in an embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the lens structure 10 is applied to a lens antenna. According to the specific application scenario of the lens antenna, the lens structure 10 has different refractive index distribution rules, thereby realizing the function of converging electromagnetic waves. Optionally, the lens structure 10 may operate in a microwave frequency band, and may be adapted to different frequency bands such as millimeter waves and terahertz waves by adjusting structural parameters.

Millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of the order of millimeters, and the frequency of the millimeter waves is about 20GHz to 300 GHz. The 3GP has specified a list of frequency bands supported by 5G NR, the 5G NR spectral range can reach 100GHz, and two frequency ranges are specified: frequency range 1(FR1), i.e. the sub-6 GHz band, and Frequency range 2(FR2), i.e. the millimeter wave band. Frequency range of Frequency range 1: 450MHz-6.0GHz, with a maximum channel bandwidth of 100 MHz. The frequency range of frequency mirror 2 is 24.25GHz-52.6GHz, and the maximum channel bandwidth is 400 MHz. The near 11GHz spectrum for 5G mobile broadband comprises: 3.85GHz licensed spectrum, for example: 28GHz (24.25-29.5GHz), 37GHz (37.0-38.6GHz), 39GHz (38.6-40GHz) and 14GHz unlicensed spectrum (57-71 GHz). The working frequency bands of the 5G communication system comprise three frequency bands of 28GHz, 39GHz and 60 GHz.

Referring to fig. 1, the lens structure 10 includes a multilayer dielectric layer 100 and a multilayer waveguide layer 200; the waveguide layers 200 and the dielectric layers 100 are alternately stacked in the first direction. The number of layers of the dielectric layer 100 and the waveguide layer 200 is not limited (fig. 1 takes five dielectric layers 100 and four waveguide layers 200 as an example), and meanwhile, the relative area between the dielectric layer 100 and the waveguide layer 200 is not limited and can be adjusted according to the actual application situation.

The dielectric layer 100 is a non-conductive functional layer capable of supporting and fixing the waveguide layer 200, and the dielectric layer 100 and the waveguide layer 200 are alternately stacked to realize the interval distribution of the multilayer waveguide layer 200; meanwhile, the lens structure 10 may be divided into a plurality of regions with discontinuous refractive indexes by the dielectric layer 100, so that the size of the waveguide layer 200 in the first direction only needs to be changed in a small range to achieve the converging effect, thereby achieving the assembly preparation of the low-cost lens. Alternatively, when the thicknesses of the plurality of dielectric layers 100 in the direction of the alternate stacking are equal, the plurality of waveguide layers 200 are equally spaced. Optionally, the material of the dielectric layer 100 is an electrically insulating material.

The plurality of waveguide layers 200 may emit the incident electromagnetic wave in parallel, or converge the incident electromagnetic wave in parallel to a focal point, or diverge the incident electromagnetic wave in parallel. The waveguide layer 200 includes one or more waveguide structures 300, and when the waveguide structure 300 is plural, the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are spaced and arranged in parallel. Alternatively, the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are equally spaced and arranged side-by-side. Alternatively, the material of the waveguide layer 200 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silica gel material, a graphite material, and the like, and the material of the waveguide layer 200 may also be a material having a high dielectric constant.

The waveguide structure 300 includes a first conductive sheet 301 and at least one pair of second conductive sheets 302, each pair of second conductive sheets 302 is disposed on two sides of the first conductive sheet 301 in the axial direction, and the electromagnetic wave is incident to the lens structure 10 along the axial direction of the first conductive sheet 301.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, each pair of second conductive plates 302 is arranged on both sides of the first conductive plate 301 in axial mirror symmetry. Wherein, the mirror symmetry means that each pair of the second conductive sheets 302 is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the first conductive sheet 301. Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, each pair of second conductive plates 302 is axially and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first conductive plate 301 in a sliding manner. The sliding symmetry means that two second conductive sheets 302 originally symmetric about an axis relatively slide for a certain distance along the axial direction of the first conductive sheet 301; the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are independent of each other and similar in shape.

The length direction of the second conductive sheet 302 is approximately perpendicular to the axial direction of the first conductive sheet 301. When electromagnetic waves are incident to the lens structure 10 along the axial direction of the first conductive sheet 301, in the length direction of the second conductive sheets 302, an artificial surface plasmon waveguide (hereinafter abbreviated as waveguide) can be generated at the edge of each second conductive sheet 302, a plurality of pairs of mirror-symmetric second conductive sheets 302 can generate mirror-symmetric waveguide pairs, and each waveguide structure is formed by linearly arranging a plurality of waveguides; the plurality of pairs of slip-symmetric second conductive sheets 302 may produce slip-symmetric pairs of waveguides, each waveguide structure consisting of a plurality of waveguides arranged linearly. Alternatively, in each waveguide structure 300, the plurality of second conductive sheets 302 located on the same side of the first conductive sheet 301 are arranged in parallel and have the same center distance p, and the lengths h of the plurality of second conductive sheets 302 are the same, so that the edges of each second conductive sheet 302 in the length direction in the plurality of waveguide structures 300 can generate the same waveguide. Here, the center distance p may be understood as a distance between geometric centers of two adjacent second conductive sheets 302.

When the electromagnetic wave is incident to the lens structure along the axial direction, the electromagnetic wave can continue to propagate along the waveguide, and the propagation constant is larger than the free space, namely the equivalent refractive index larger than 1 is realized, and the convergence function is realized. Since most of the energy of the electromagnetic wave concentrates on the edge of the second conductive sheet 302 in the length direction of the waveguide structure 300, only a small amount of the energy enters the medium, and thus the electromagnetic wave is hardly affected by the loss of the medium, and thus a lens antenna with less loss and higher efficiency can be realized in practical application. When each pair of the second conductive sheets 302 is axially and symmetrically slid, the equivalent refractive index changes less with frequency, so that a lens antenna with a larger bandwidth can be realized in practical application.

In some embodiments, there is a first grading law of the length of the second conductive layer 302 between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 of the plurality of waveguide layers 200 on the same axis, and/or a second grading law of the length of the second conductive layer 302 between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 of the waveguide layers 200. Wherein the axis is a straight line passing through any of the waveguide layers 200 and parallel to the first direction.

When the electromagnetic wave is incident to the lens structure 10 along the axial direction of the first conductive plate 301, the lens structure 10 having the first gradual change rule can realize the converging effect of the electromagnetic wave beam in the first direction, and the lens structure 10 having the second gradual change rule can realize the converging effect of the electromagnetic wave beam in the second direction. Wherein the second direction is substantially perpendicular to both the first direction and the axial direction of the first conductive sheet 301, i.e. parallel to the length direction of the second conductive sheet 302.

Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the first gradual change rule is that the length of the second conductive layer 302 decreases from the center of the same axis to the waveguide structures 300 on both sides symmetrically, i.e. the length decreases from the waveguide structure 300 on the center layer of the waveguide layers 200 to the waveguide structures 300 on both sides symmetrically (fig. 4 takes the second conductive layer 302 with sliding symmetry as an example, and only shows the schematic diagram of the waveguide structures 300 on the axis a simultaneously in each waveguide layer 200, and the length of the second conductive layer 302 of the middle waveguide layer 300 is marked as h_3ATwo layers on one side are respectively marked as h_2AAnd h_1AThe two layers on the other side are respectively marked as h_4AAnd h_5A，h_3A＞h_4A＝h_2A＞h_1A＝h_5A) (ii) a Referring to fig. 5, the second gradual change rule is that the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 decrease from the arrangement center of the waveguide structures 300 of the waveguide layer 200 to both sides symmetrically, that is, the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 decrease from the waveguide structure 300 at the center of the layer to the waveguide structures 300 at both sides of the layer symmetrically (fig. 5 takes the second conductive sheet 302 at the center of the layer as an example, and only shows the waveguide structures 300 of a certain waveguide layer 200, and the lengths of the paired second conductive sheets 302 at the center of the layer are marked as h_COne side of the layer center is marked as h_BAnd h_AThe other side of the layer center is marked as h_DAnd h_E，h_C＞h_B＝h_D＞h_A＝h_E). When the distances between the centers of two adjacent second conductive sheets 302 of the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are the same, the larger h is, the larger the refractive index is.

It should be noted that the decrement may be a linear decrement or a non-linear decrement, for example, the linear decrement may be understood as decreasing according to an equal ratio series, a gradient of an equal difference series or according to a specific rule.

Specifically, when the number of the waveguide layers 200 is at least three, a first gradual change rule of the length of the second conductive sheet 302 exists between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in the plurality of waveguide layers 200; and/or, when there are at least three waveguide structures 300 of the waveguide layer 200, there is a second grading law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302 among the plurality of waveguide structures 300 of the waveguide layer 200. When the number of the waveguide layer 200 is one or two, the waveguide layer includes at least three waveguide structures 300, and a second gradual change rule of the length of the second conductive layer 302 is provided between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 of the waveguide layer 200.

Alternatively, when the first direction of the waveguide layer 200 and the dielectric layer 100 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the lens antenna in the practical application scenario, the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are configured as: a first gradual change law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302 exists among the plurality of waveguide layers 300 on the same axis in the plurality of waveguide layers 200; at this time, if the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 of the plurality of waveguide structures 300 in the waveguide layer 200 are the same (see the first alternative embodiment and the second alternative embodiment), the lens structure 10 only realizes the electromagnetic wave convergence in the first direction; if there is a second gradual change law of the length of the second conducting strip 302 between the waveguide structures 300 in the same waveguide layer 200 (see the third alternative embodiment), the lens structure 10 can achieve the electromagnetic wave convergence in the first direction and the second direction at the same time. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

the first alternative embodiment: referring to fig. 6, in fig. 6, each pair of the second conductive strips 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, and each layer of the waveguide layer 200 has only one waveguide structure 300 (the length of the second conductive strip 302 of the waveguide structure 300 in the nth layer of the waveguide layer 200 is marked as h)_n) At this time, there is a first gradual change law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302 between the five waveguide structures 300: h is₃＞h₄＝h₂＞h₅＝h₁That is, the value of h decreases from the waveguide structure 300 of the waveguide layer 200 located at the center to the waveguide structures 300 of the two side layers, so that the refractive index of the lens structure 10 decreases from the middle layer to the two side layers, and the lens structure 10 realizes the convergence of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction (the y direction in the drawing).

An alternative embodiment two: referring to fig. 7, in fig. 7, each pair of the second conductive sheets 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, and for example, the five-layer waveguide layer 200 includes two waveguide structures 300, at this time, a first gradual change rule of the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 exists between the waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in the five-layer waveguide layer 200, and the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 of the two waveguide structures 300 in the waveguide layer 200 are the same. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the gradual change of the length is as follows: h is_3A＝h_3B＞h_4A＝h_4B＝h_2A＝h_2B＞h_5A＝h_5B＝h_1A＝h_1B(wherein the plurality of waveguide structures 300 in the A-axis are respectively located in the A-region of the waveguide layer 200, and the length of the second conductive sheet 302 of the waveguide structure 300 in the A-region of the nth waveguide layer 200 is denoted by h_nA(ii) a The plurality of waveguide structures 300 in the B axis are respectively located in the B region of the waveguide layer 200, and the length of the second conductive sheet 302 of the waveguide structure 300 in the B region of the nth waveguide layer 200 is marked as h_nB) That is, the value of h decreases from the middle layer to the two side layers, so that the refractive index of the lens structure 10 decreases from the middle layer to the two side layers, and the lens structure 10 realizes the convergence of the electromagnetic waves in the first direction.

An alternative embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 8, in fig. 8, each pair of the second conductive layers 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, and the five-layer waveguide layer 200 is exemplified by three waveguide structures 300 in each waveguide layer 200, at this time, a first gradual change rule of the length of the second conductive layer 302 exists between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in the five-layer waveguide layer 200, and a second gradual change rule of the length of the second conductive layer 302 exists between the plurality of waveguide structures 300 in the same waveguide layer 200. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the length of the second conductive strip 302 of the waveguide structure 300 at the axis A of the different waveguide layers 200 (corresponding to the A-region of the waveguide layer 200, the A-region of the nth waveguide layer 200 is marked h)_nA) The five waveguide structures 300 above have a first grading law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302: h is_3A＞h_4A＝h_2A＞h_5A＝h_1AA waveguide structure in the B-region of the different waveguide layers 200 (corresponding to the B-region of the waveguide layer 200, in the B-region of the nth waveguide layer 200)300 the length of the second conductive sheet 302 is marked h_nB) The five waveguide structures 300 above have a first grading law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302: h is_3B＞h_4B＝h_2B＞h_5B＝h_1BThe length of the second conducting strip 302 of the waveguide structure 300 at the axis C of the different waveguide layer 200 (corresponding to the C region of the waveguide layer 200, the C region of the nth waveguide layer 200 is marked h)_nC) The five waveguide structures 300 above have a first grading law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302: h is_3C＞h_4C＝h_2C＞h_5C＝h_1CAnd, the length in each waveguide layer 200 exhibits a second gradual change law: h is_A＝h_C＜h_B. Accordingly, the refractive index of the lens structure 10 decreases from the middle layer to the two side layers, and decreases from the center position to the two side positions in the layer, and the lens structure 10 can realize the electromagnetic wave convergence in the first direction and the second direction (i.e., the x direction in the figure) at the same time.

Alternatively, when the first directions of the waveguide layer 200 and the dielectric layer 100 are parallel to the polarization direction of the lens antenna in the practical application scenario, the plurality of waveguide structures 300 are configured as: a second gradual change law of the length of the second conducting strip 302 exists among the plurality of waveguide structures 300 in the waveguide layer 200; at this time, if the lengths of the second conductive sheets 302 of the plurality of waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in different waveguide layers 200 are the same (see the fourth alternative embodiment), the lens structure 10 only realizes the electromagnetic wave convergence in the second direction; if there is a first gradual change law of the length of the second conducting strip 302 between the waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in different waveguide layers 200 (see the fifth alternative embodiment), the lens structure 10 can achieve the electromagnetic wave convergence in the second direction and the first direction at the same time. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

an alternative embodiment is four: please refer to fig. 9, in fig. 9, each pair of the second conductive layers 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, and the three-layered waveguide layer 200 and each waveguide layer 200 are five waveguide structures 300, for example, at this time, there is a second gradual change rule of the lengths of the second conductive layers 302 between the waveguide structures 300 in the waveguide layer 200, and the lengths of the waveguide structures 300 on the same axis in different waveguide layers 200 are the sameThe same is true. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: there is a first law of progression of the length of the second conducting strip 302 between the five waveguide structures 300 of the same waveguide layer 200: h is_C＞h_B＝h_D＞h_A＝h_EThat is, the value of h decreases from the waveguide structure 300 at the layer center position to the waveguide structures 300 at both sides, so that the refractive index of the lens structure 10 decreases from the layer center position to both sides, and the lens structure 10 realizes the convergence of the electromagnetic waves in the second direction.

An alternative embodiment five: referring to fig. 10, in fig. 10, each pair of the second conductive layers 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, and for example, three waveguide layers 200 and each waveguide layer 200 includes five waveguide structures 300, at this time, a second gradient rule of the length of the second conductive layer 302 exists among the waveguide structures 300 in the waveguide layer 200, and a first gradient rule of the length of the second conductive layer 302 exists among the waveguide structures 300 in the different waveguide layers 200 on the same axis. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: there is a first law of progression of the length of the second conducting strip 302 between the five waveguide structures 300 of the same waveguide layer 200: h is_C＞h_B＝h_D＞h_A＝h_EThat is, the value of h decreases from the waveguide structure 300 at the center of the layer to the waveguide structures 300 at both sides, and there is a first gradual change law of the length of the second conductive sheet 302 between the three waveguide structures 300 in the a region of different waveguide layers 200: h is_2A＞h_1A＝h_3AThere is a first law of progression of the length between the three waveguide structures 300 in the B region of the different waveguide layers 200: h is_2B＞h_1B＝h_3BBetween the three waveguide structures 300 in the C region of different waveguide layers 200 there is a first law of progression of the length of the second conductive layer 302: h is_2C＞h_1C＝h_3C. Therefore, the equivalent refractive index of the lens structure 10 decreases from the center of the layer to the two sides, and at the same time, the equivalent refractive index decreases from the middle layer to the two sides, so that the lens structure 10 realizes the convergence of the electromagnetic waves in the second direction and the first direction.

Further, referring to fig. 11, the first conductive sheet 301 is provided with a first connection region 301A and a second connection region 301B in the axial direction, and the second conductive sheet 302 is provided on the second connection region 301B, wherein the second connection region 301B may be an incident region of the waveguide structure 300 or an exit region of the waveguide structure 300. The waveguide structure 300 further includes at least one pair of matched segments 303 (fig. 11 exemplifies two pairs of matched segments 303).

At least one pair of matching sections 303 disposed on the first connection region 301A, each pair of matching sections 303 being disposed on both sides of the first conductive sheet 301, respectively, the length direction of the matching sections 303 being parallel to the length direction of the second conductive sheet 302; in the length direction, the length of the matching section 303 of the same waveguide structure 300 is smaller than the length of the second conductive sheet 302.

Wherein the structure of the matching sections 303 is similar to that of the second conductive sheet 302, optionally, each pair of matching sections 303 is axially arranged on both sides of the first conductive sheet 301 in a mirror symmetry manner; optionally, each pair of matching segments 303 is axially and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first conducting strip 301 in a sliding manner. The matching section 303 is electrically conductive, optionally the material of the matching section 303 is the same as the material of the second conductive sheet 302.

Since the length of the matching section 303 is smaller than that of the second conductive sheet 302, when the electromagnetic wave is incident to the matching section 303 through the second conductive sheet 302, the refractive index gradually decreases; when the first connection region 301A is the incident region of the waveguide structure 300, the matching section 303 can implement impedance matching between the incident region of the electromagnetic wave of the lens structure 10 and the free space, thereby reducing energy loss of the electromagnetic wave; when the first connection region 301A is the exit region of the waveguide structure 300, the matching section 303 can respectively implement impedance matching between the exit region of the electromagnetic wave of the lens structure 10 and the free space, so as to reduce energy loss of the electromagnetic wave, thereby increasing the transmission distance of the electromagnetic wave and improving the efficiency of the lens antenna.

Optionally, referring to fig. 12, a third connection region 301C is further disposed in the first conductive sheet 301 in the axial direction, and the first connection region 301A, the second connection region 301B, and the third connection region 301C are disposed in the axial direction; the waveguide structure 300 comprises a plurality of pairs of matching segments 303, which are arranged at the first connection region 301A and the third connection region 301C, respectively, i.e. the pairs of matching segments 303 are located at the entrance region and the exit region of the lens structure 10, respectively. A third gradation rule that the lengths of the pairs of matching sections 303 are close to the second connection region 3 from the first connection region 301A of the first conductive sheet 301 is between the pairs of matching sections 30301B decreases toward the side of the first connection region 301A remote from the second connection region 301B, and/or decreases from the side of the third connection region 301C of the first conductive sheet 301 which is close to the second connection region 301B to the side of the third connection region 301C remote from the second connection region 301B. The logarithm of the matching segments of the first connection region 301A and the third connection region 301C may be the same or different. In fig. 13, for example, two pairs of matching segments 303 are disposed at each connection region of each waveguide structure 300, and each pair of the second conductive sheets 302 and each pair of the matching segments 303 are symmetrically arranged in a sliding manner, the matching segments 303 have lengths h₁And h₂，h₁And h₂Is tapered with respect to h (h is the length of the second conductive sheet 302), i.e., h>h₁>h₂P (p is the distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent matching segments 303) remains unchanged.

Since the lengths of the pairs of matching sections 303 decrease progressively from the side of the first connection region 301A of the first conductive sheet 301 close to the second connection region 301B to the side of the first connection region 301A away from the second connection region 301B, and/or decrease progressively from the side of the third connection region 301C of the first conductive sheet 301 close to the second connection region 301B to the side of the third connection region 301C away from the second connection region 301B, the refractive indices at both ends of the waveguide can be gradually reduced, the impedance mismatch between the lens structure 10 and the free space is further reduced, the energy loss of electromagnetic waves is more effectively reduced, and the lens antenna efficiency is more effectively improved.

Alternatively, the spacing between two adjacent second conductive sheets 302 on the waveguide structure is equal to the spacing between two adjacent matching sections 303, so that the impedance matching is more uniformly distributed in space.

The lens structure that this embodiment provided utilizes the second conducting strip of many pairs of symmetries can produce artifical surface plasmon waveguide, through setting up the gradual change law of layer-to-layer waveguide structure length, obtains different refractive index distributions in order to realize the beam and assemble the function, and the electromagnetic wave is low along waveguide transmission process dielectric loss, so can realize in practical application that the loss is littleer, efficiency is higher, the bigger lens antenna of broadband. Furthermore, by arranging a plurality of pairs of matching sections at two ends of each waveguide structure, the impedance mismatch between the lens structure and the free space can be reduced, the energy loss of electromagnetic waves can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency of the lens antenna in practical application can be improved. In addition, the dielectric layer and the waveguide layer which are alternately arranged in a laminated manner can also realize the assembly preparation of the low-cost lens.

Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the lens antenna 1 in an embodiment.

In this embodiment, the lens antenna 1 includes the lens structure 10 and the feed array 20 as described in the above embodiments.

The lens structure 10 is described in the above embodiments, and will not be described herein.

Wherein the array of feed sources 20 is arranged parallel to the lens structure 10. The feed array 20 includes a plurality of feed elements. Optionally, please refer to fig. 15 (in the figure, 5 feed source units are taken as an example), the plurality of feed source units 20a are arranged in a linear shape, and the centers of the linear arrangement are located at the focal points of the lens structure 10, so that the feed source array 20 can realize multi-beam emergence; different beam directions can be obtained by feeding different feed source units of the feed source array 20, thereby realizing beam scanning and being suitable for the application of millimeter wave lens antennas. It is understood that the feed array 20 in this embodiment may be a radiating element array disposed on the millimeter wave integrated module, and the feed unit 20a may be a radiating element in multiple forms, for example, radiation patches in different forms such as a rectangle, a ring, and a cross.

The lens antenna provided by the embodiment comprises a feed source array and a lens structure, and the lens antenna with smaller loss, higher efficiency, larger broadband and lower cost can be realized through the symmetrical structure and the gradual change rule of the length of the second conducting strip in the lens structure; the multi-beam emergent and beam scanning can be realized through the arrangement of the feed source array.

Referring to fig. 16 and fig. 17, 16 and 17, a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna 1 in another embodiment is shown.

In this embodiment, the lens antenna 1 includes the lens structure 10 and the feed array 20 as described in the above embodiments, a first metal plate 30, and a second metal plate 40 spaced apart from the first metal plate 20. The lens structure 10 and the feed array 20 are disposed between a first metal plate 30 and a second metal plate 40, respectively.

The lens structure 10 and the feed source array 20 are described in the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here. Also, according to the above-described embodiment, different arrangement situations of the first direction of the lens structure 10 by the waveguide layer 200 and the dielectric layer 100 can be applied to application scenarios with different polarization directions.

Optionally, referring to fig. 16, the first directions of the waveguide layer 200 and the dielectric layer 100 are respectively parallel to the first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40 (taking the waveguide layer 200 as a waveguide structure 300 and each pair of the second conductive sheets 302 is symmetrically disposed in a sliding manner, the first direction is perpendicular to the paper surface in the drawing), so that the lens structure 10 can be suitable for a vertical polarization application scenario, and the polarization directions of the lens antenna 1 are respectively perpendicular to the first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40.

Optionally, referring to fig. 17, the first directions of the waveguide layer 200 and the dielectric layer 100 are perpendicular to the first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40, respectively (the first direction is parallel to the paper in the drawing), so that the lens structure 10 can be suitable for a horizontally polarized application scenario, and the polarization directions of the lens antenna 1 are parallel to the first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40, respectively.

The first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40 can be used for reflecting internal electromagnetic waves and shielding external interference. By placing the lens structure 10 and the feed array 20 between the first metal plate 30 and the second metal plate 40, leakage of electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the lens antenna 1 and improving the structural strength of the lens antenna 1. Alternatively, the first flat metal plate 30 and the second flat metal plate 40 are made of super-hard aluminum plate, but may be made of other metal materials such as stainless steel.

The lens antenna provided by the embodiment comprises a first metal flat plate, a second metal flat plate, a feed source array and a lens structure, and on one hand, the lens antenna with smaller loss, higher efficiency, larger broadband and lower cost can be realized through the symmetrical structure and the gradual change rule of the length of a second conducting strip in the lens structure; on the other hand, leakage of electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source can be reduced through the arrangement of the first metal flat plate and the second metal flat plate, so that the efficiency of the antenna is improved, and meanwhile, the structural strength of the antenna is improved; moreover, multi-beam emergent and beam scanning can be realized through the arrangement of the feed source array.

The application also provides an electronic device 2, the electronic device 2 includes the lens antenna 1 as the above embodiment, because the loss of the lens antenna 1 is less, the efficiency is higher, the broadband is bigger and the cost is lower, and can realize multi-beam emergence and beam scanning, therefore the electronic device 2 can realize high efficiency, high gain, low-cost beam scanning, can be applicable to the receiving and dispatching of 5G communication millimeter wave signals, simultaneously, the focal length of the lens antenna 1 is short, the size is small, easily integrate in the electronic device 2, can reduce the occupation space of the lens antenna 1 in the electronic device 2 simultaneously.

Optionally, referring to fig. 16, the electronic device 2 further includes a detection module 160, a switch module 161, and a control module 162.

The detecting module 160 is configured to obtain a beam signal strength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the lens antenna 1 when the feed unit 20a is in an operating state, and also may be configured to detect and obtain parameters such as power, an electromagnetic wave Absorption ratio or a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the electromagnetic wave received by the lens antenna 1 when the feed unit 20a is in the operating state.

And a switch module 161 connected to the switch module 161 for selectively conducting a connection path with any one of the feed source units 20 a. Alternatively, the switch module 161 may include an input terminal connected to the control module 162 and a plurality of output terminals connected to the plurality of feed source units 20a in a one-to-one correspondence. The switch module 161 may be configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the control module 162, so as to control on and off of each switch in the switch module 161, and thus control on and off connection between the switch module 161 and any one of the feed source units 20a, so that any one of the feed source units 20a is in a working (on) state.

And the control module 162 is respectively connected with the detection module 160 and the switch module 161, and controls the switch module 161 according to the beam signal strength, so that the feed source unit 20a corresponding to the strongest beam signal strength is in a working state.

Therefore, any one of the feed source units 20a can work through the detection module 160, the switch module 161 and the control module 162 to obtain different beam directions, so that beam scanning is realized, and the method can be applied to the millimeter wave lens antenna; moreover, the beam scanning process does not need a shifter and an attenuator, so that the cost is greatly reduced.

Taking the feed source array 20 including five feed source units as an example, the detection module 160 may correspondingly obtain five beam signal strengths, and screen out the strongest beam signal strength from the five beam signal strengths, and use the feed source unit 20a corresponding to the strongest beam signal strength as a target feed source unit, and the switching instruction sent by the control module 162 controls the conductive connection between the switch module 161 and the target feed source unit, so that the target feed source unit is in a working (conductive) state. The beam scanning pattern as shown in fig. 19 was obtained by simulation. According to the simulation result, the mobile phone can realize the high-efficiency, high-gain and low-cost beam scanning of the 6G millimeter wave of the mobile phone by arranging the two lens antennas 1.

Optionally, the electronic device 2 includes a plurality of lens antennas 1, and the plurality of lens antennas 1 are distributed on different sides of a middle frame of the electronic device 2. Optionally, referring to fig. 20, the middle frame of the electronic device 2 includes a first side 181 and a third side 183 that are opposite to each other, and a second side 182 and a fourth side 184 that are opposite to each other, where the second side 182 is connected to one ends of the first side 181 and the third side 183, and the fourth side 184 is connected to the other ends of the first side 181 and the third side 183. At least two sides of the first side 181, the second side 182, the third side 183, and the fourth side 184 are respectively provided with the lens antenna 1.

Taking the example that the electronic device 2 includes two lens antennas 1, optionally, referring to fig. 21, the two lens antennas 1 are disposed on two long sides (for example, the first side 181 and the third side 183) of the mobile phone, that is, the two long sides can cover spaces on two sides of the mobile phone.

It should be noted that the electronic device 2 in the above embodiments includes, but is not limited to, any product and component with an antenna transceiving function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a display, a smart watch, and the like. The division of each unit in the electronic device 2 is only used for illustration, and in other embodiments, the electronic device 2 may be divided into different modules as needed to complete all or part of the functions of the electronic device 2.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.