阅读说明：本技术 水磨料悬浮液切割设备
(Water abrasive suspension cutting equipment
) 是由 M·林德 于 2017-03-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：在此公开的水磨料悬浮液切割设备(1)具有用于提供处于压力下的水磨料悬浮液(13)(301)的压力容器(11)、闸门室(21)和用于经由闸门室(21)将磨料介质补充到压力容器(11)中的补充阀(19)。补充阀(19)具有阀入口(49)、阀出口(51)、布置在阀入口(49)和阀出口(51)之间的阀室(71)和位于阀室(71)中的阀体(67),其中,阀入口(49)与闸门室(21)连接且阀出口(51)与压力容器(11)连接。在此,补充阀(19)具有第一关闭位置、第一打开位置和第二打开位置,其中,在第一关闭位置中闸门室(21)与压力容器(11)流体分离且在第一打开位置以及第二打开位置中闸门室(21)与压力容器(11)流体连接。(The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) disclosed herein has a pressure vessel (11) for providing an aqueous abrasive suspension (13) (301) under pressure, a gate chamber (21), and a replenishment valve (19) for replenishing abrasive medium into the pressure vessel (11) via the gate chamber (21). The replenishment valve (19) has a valve inlet (49), a valve outlet (51), a valve chamber (71) arranged between the valve inlet (49) and the valve outlet (51), and a valve body (67) located in the valve chamber (71), wherein the valve inlet (49) is connected to the gate chamber (21) and the valve outlet (51) is connected to the pressure vessel (11). The replenishment valve (19) has a first closed position, a first open position and a second open position, wherein the gate chamber (21) is fluidically separated from the pressure vessel (11) in the first closed position and the gate chamber (21) is fluidically connected to the pressure vessel (11) in the first open position and the second open position.)
1. An aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) having:
-a pressure vessel (11) for providing a water abrasive suspension (13) (301) under pressure,
-a door chamber (21), and
-a replenishing valve (19) for replenishing abrasive medium into the pressure vessel (11) via the gate chamber (21),
wherein the supplementary valve (19) has a valve inlet (49), a valve outlet (51), a valve chamber (71) arranged between the valve inlet (49) and the valve outlet (51), and a valve body (67) located in the valve chamber (71), wherein the valve inlet (49) is connected with the gate chamber (21) and the valve outlet (51) is connected with the pressure vessel (11), characterized in that the supplementary valve (19) has a first closed position, in which the gate chamber (21) is fluidly separated from the pressure vessel (11), a first open position, and a second open position, in which the gate chamber (21) is fluidly connected with the pressure vessel (11).
2. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the valve body (67) is transitionable from the first closed position to the first open position via a rotation in a first direction and to the second open position via a rotation in a second direction.
3. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein the valve body (67) has a second closed position, wherein the valve body (67) is transitionable from the second closed position to the second open position via a rotation in the first direction and into the first open position via a rotation in the second direction.
4. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the valve body (67) is transitionable into the second open position by turning 180 ° from the first open position.
5. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the supplementary valve (19) is a ball valve, wherein the valve body (67) is substantially spherical having an axial through-going portion (69), wherein the valve inlet (49) and the valve outlet (51) are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the valve body (67), wherein the axial through-going portion (69) is coaxial with the valve inlet (49) and the valve outlet (51) in the first and second open positions.
6. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 5, wherein the valve body (67) is rotatable about a rotation axis (R) substantially perpendicular to the axial through-penetration (69).
7. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve body (67) is controllably driven via a motor.
8. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 7, wherein the drive direction and/or the drive speed and/or the drive torque of the motor is regulated depending on the torque required for driving the valve body (67) or at least one parameter associated with the required torque.
9. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 8, wherein the power consumption of the motor is the at least one parameter associated with the required torque.
10. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the motor is regulated such that the driving direction is changed when a threshold value of a torque required for driving the valve body (67) or a threshold value of at least one parameter associated with the required torque is exceeded.
11. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the replenishing valve (19) has a second closed position between the second open position and the first open position, wherein the motor is regulated such that the driving direction is kept unchanged when a threshold value of a torque required for driving the valve body (67) or of at least one parameter associated with the required torque is not exceeded.
12. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 11, provided with a monitoring unit designed such that the torque required to drive the valve body (67) or at least one parameter associated with the required torque is continuously or intermittently monitored over at least one time window in order to identify wear or to indicate a malfunction or maintenance situation.
13. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve chamber (71) has a pressure inlet (53), the valve chamber (71) being pressurizable via the pressure inlet (53) in the closed position of the valve body (67).
14. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve chamber (71) has a flushing inlet (53) and a flushing outlet (63) via which the valve chamber (71) can be thoroughly flushed.
15. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device (1) according to claim 14, wherein the flushing outlet (63) is closed via a flushing discharge valve (59) and the valve chamber (71) is pressurized via the flushing inlet (53) when the flushing discharge valve (59) is closed.
16. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the replenishing valve (19) has a valve seat (73) on the inlet side and a valve seat (75) on the outlet side, wherein at least one of the valve seats (73, 75) is movable such that the distance of the valve seats (73, 75) from each other can be adjusted.
17. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 16, wherein the replenishing valve (19) has a tool opening through which a tool can act to adjust at least one movable valve seat (73, 75).
18. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to claim 17, wherein the at least one movable valve seat (73, 75) is rotatable via a lever or wrench introduced through the tool opening and is thus axially movable via a thread.
19. The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve inlet (49) is arranged at an upper side of the replenishing valve (19) and the valve outlet (51) is arranged at a lower side of the replenishing valve (19), wherein the gate chamber (21) is arranged above the replenishing valve (19) and the pressure vessel (11) is arranged below the replenishing valve (19) such that abrasive medium can flow through the replenishing valve (19) with gravity assistance or gravity drive.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Background
A water abrasive suspension cutting device is used for cutting materials by means of a high-pressure water jet added with an abrasive medium. Aqueous abrasive suspension cutting devices differ from aqueous abrasive injection cutting devices in which the abrasive medium is introduced into the already greatly accelerated water only in or at the discharge nozzle. In an aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device, water under high pressure is first mixed with an abrasive medium and the aqueous abrasive suspension is then accelerated in a discharge nozzle. Although there is no problem of mixing the abrasive medium with water at high pressure in the waterabrasive jet cutting device, since the abrasive medium is only fed to the outlet nozzle, the abrasive medium-water ratio in the waterabrasive jet cutting device is greatly limited and thus its cutting force is limited. Furthermore, air inclusions in waterabrasive injection cutting devices lead to a reduction in the cutting power due to the ineffective acceleration of the abrasive medium particles when the water jet is sucked in and to a high air fraction in the cutting jet. In contrast, in aqueous abrasive suspension cutting devices, the abrasive medium-water ratio can be selected to be higher and higher cutting forces can be achieved, since the water is mixed with the abrasive medium upstream of the outlet nozzle under pressure in a controlled manner without air inclusions. A part of the water flow can thus be guided, for example, via an abrasive medium container, which is designed as a pressure container. Such a device is known, for example, from EP 1199136. The technical challenge in this system is to replenish the abrasive medium, since the system must be shut down, the abrasive medium container must be brought to a pressure-free state, and filling can take place only at this point. However, in industrial applications, continuous cutting is often desired, where the device does not need to be shut down in order to be filled with abrasive media.
EP 2755802B 1 and WO 2015/149867 a1 describe sluice solutions for ensuring continuous operation of the plant. However, reliable opening and closing of such a sluice solution is a technical challenge due to the particularly high pressures, which are partly above 2000 bar. In addition, the abrasive media can clog and/or clog gate valves.
Disclosure of Invention
The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device according to claim 1 disclosed herein has the advantage over the aforementioned solutions that it does not block or obstruct the gate valve and can reliably open and close the gate valve to ensure continuous operation of the device. Advantageous embodiments of the disclosure are given in the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings.
The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein has a pressure vessel for providing an aqueous abrasive suspension under pressure, a gate chamber, and a replenishment valve for replenishing abrasive media into the pressure vessel via the gate chamber. The replenishment valve has a valve inlet, a valve outlet, a valve chamber arranged between the valve inlet and the valve outlet, and a valve body located in the valve chamber, wherein the valve inlet is connected to the brake chamber and the valve outlet is connected to the pressure vessel.
While reliable opening and closing of the supplemental valve is ensured by the four aspects of the present disclosure, each of the four aspects may be used individually or in any combination of two, three, or all four aspects such that the supplemental valve is not clogged or clogged by abrasive media.
According to a first aspect, the supplementary valve may occupy a first closed position, in which the gate chamber is fluidly separated from the pressure vessel, a first open position, and a second open position, in which the gate chamber is fluidly connected with the pressure vessel. Preferably, the closed position is between the first open position and the second open position. There are thus two possibilities for the valve body with respect to the direction of movement, the valve opening either to the first open position or to the second open position. Thus, if one direction of movement is blocked or jammed, the valve body can be moved in the other direction of movement and the valve can be brought into the other open position. The valve may also be operated in only one direction if the torque does not exceed a certain threshold.
According to a second aspect, the valve chamber may be pressurized in the closed position of the valve body. The valve chamber has a pressure inlet via which the valve chamber can be pressurized in the closed position of the valve body. The valve chamber is initially pressure-free when the device is put into operation. If the pressure vessel and the gate chamber are then pressurized to about 2000bar, it has been found that the valve seat can be caught by the high-pressure valve body and is difficult, if not impossible, to move. The pressure difference can be reduced to the greatest possible extent at the start of operation by means of a pressure inlet, which is connected, for example, to a bypass of a pressure line, by means of which the pressure vessel and/or the gate chamber is also pressurized, so that the valve body is not blocked by high pressure. For example, the pressure inlet may be arranged at the side of the supplementary valve, when the valve inlet and the valve outlet are arranged vertically above or below the supplementary valve.
According to a third aspect, the valve chamber can be flushed through. Here, the replenishment valve has a flushing inlet and a flushing outlet via which the valve chamber can be flushed through. For example, when the valve inlet and the valve outlet are arranged vertically above or below the replenishment valve, the flushing inlet may be arranged on a first side at the side of the replenishment valve and the flushing outlet on a second side opposite the first side at the replenishment valve. Abrasive media that clogs or blocks the supplemental valve can thereby be flushed away during the closed position. This is particularly advantageous in combination with the second variant of the pressure inlet, since the flushing process can take place in a pressureless valve chamber, which can then be pressurized again via the pressure inlet, whereby the valve body is not clamped by the high pressure. In combination with the pressure inlet, it is advantageous if the flushing outlet can be closed off via the flushing outlet valve and the valve chamber can be pressurized via the flushing inlet when the flushing outlet valve is closed. That is, the flushing inlet may alternatively be used as a pressure inlet or a flushing inlet. Only one inlet is required at this time, serving as a pressure inlet as well as a flushing inlet.
According to a fourth aspect, the replenishment valve has a valve seat on the inlet side and a valve seat on the outlet side, wherein at least one of the valve seats is movable such that the distance of the valve seats from one another can be adjusted. The supplementary valve can thus be optimally adjusted so as to be sealed on the one hand and not to clog on the other hand. It can be advantageous to fine-tune the distance of the valve seats from one another at the start of operation of the device, during temperature fluctuations, during continuous clogging due to abrasive media and/or due to material wear. In order that the device does not have to be switched off and not have to be detached from one another, a tool opening can optionally be provided, through which a tool can act to adjust the at least one movable valve seat. For example, the at least one movable valve seat can be rotated by a lever or wrench introduced through the tool opening and can thus be moved axially by means of the thread. The operator can immediately intervene manually in order to ensure continuous operation. Preferably, however, the valve seat is adjustable during maintenance in the absence of pressure in the apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, the fine adjustment can also be carried out automatically and/or regulated via the motor. In this case, possible leaks can be detected via the pressure drop detected by the at least one pressure sensor and possible jamming of the valve body can be detected via the torque required for the valve body movement. Alternatively or additionally to this, a parameter can indicate whether the valve body is clamped, wherein the parameter is associated with the torque required for the movement of the valve body, for example the power consumption of a servo drive motor driving the valve body, in order to open and close the supplementary valve.
Optionally, in the operating mode of the supplementary valve and in the actuation of the supplementary valve according to the first aspect, and if necessary in combination with at least one further aspect, the valve body can be transferred from the first closed position into the first open position by rotation in the first direction and into the second open position by rotation in the second direction. Preferably, the valve body has a second closed position, wherein the valve body can be transferred from the second closed position into the second open position by a rotation in the first direction and into the first open position by a rotation in the second direction. Alternatively, the valve body may be transitioned into the second open position by rotating 180 ° from the first open position. The second closed position is therefore also advantageous, since the valve body is more worn on the inlet side or the outlet side, so that the less worn side can be diverted to the side to be sealed if necessary. The wear on the inlet side is higher here, since the gate chamber connected to the inlet side is temporarily not pressurized, while the pressure vessel on the outlet side remains pressurized.
Alternatively, the supplementary valve may be configured as a ball valve, wherein the valve body is substantially spherical with an axial through-going portion, wherein the valve inlet and the valve outlet are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the valve body, wherein the axial through-going portion is coaxial with the valve inlet and the valve outlet in the first and second open positions.
Alternatively, the valve body may be rotatable about an axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the axial through-penetration. The valve body can preferably be driven in a controlled manner via a motor in the form of a servomotor. For example, the drive direction and/or the drive speed and/or the drive torque of the motor can be controlled as a function of the torque required to drive the valve body or at least one parameter which is dependent on the required torque. For example, the power consumption of the motor or the motor current may be such a parameter associated with the required torque.
Alternatively, the motor can be controlled in such a way that the drive direction is changed when a threshold value of the torque required to drive the valve body or a threshold value of at least one parameter associated with the torque required to drive the valve body is exceeded. Alternatively or additionally, the required torque may be detected via a torque sensor, for example in the form of a strain gauge, or the rotational speed in case of a preset motor power. If the resistance to movement of the valve body is too high in one drive direction, it can easily be deflected into the other drive direction.
Alternatively, the supplementary valve may have a second closed position between the second open position and the first open position, wherein the motor may be regulated such that the drive direction is kept unchanged without exceeding a threshold value for the torque required to drive the valve body or a threshold value for at least one parameter associated with the torque required to drive the valve body.
Alternatively, a monitoring unit can be provided, which is designed such that the torque required to drive the valve body or at least one parameter associated with the torque required to drive the valve body is monitored continuously or intermittently over a time window in order to identify wear or to indicate a malfunction or a maintenance situation. The monitoring unit can be part of the motor control device or be constructed separately. The monitoring unit can store parameters in at least one time window in order to indicate the amplitude and/or frequency of the torque peaks, as a fault or maintenance situation or for motor control. For example, the amplitude and/or frequency of the torque peak can be received continuously or at intermittent values in a first time window, the valve body is then moved back and forth, for example, after which the amplitude and/or frequency of the torque peak is received continuously or at intermittent values again in a second time window, and finally the values of the first time window and the second time window are compared. If the back and forth movement of the valve body is not sufficient to reduce the magnitude and/or frequency of the torque spike, a fault or maintenance condition may be indicated.
According to the second aspect, the valve chamber is optionally pressurized in the event of such a malfunction or repair and/or according to the third aspect flushing is preferably carried out during maintenance without pressure on the device. Alternatively or additionally, according to the fourth aspect, it is preferred that the at least one valve seat is finely adjustable during maintenance in the absence of pressure in the apparatus. However, each of these measures can also be carried out during continuous operation of the cutting device, whereby malfunctions or maintenance of the supplementary valve can be eliminated without affecting the continuous operation of the cutting device.
Optionally, in terms of the mode of operation of the entire device, the valve inlet is arranged on the upper side of the replenishment valve and the valve outlet is arranged on the lower side of the replenishment valve, wherein the gate chamber is arranged above the replenishment valve and the pressure vessel is arranged below the replenishment valve, so that the abrasive medium can flow through the replenishment valve under gravity assistance or gravity drive. The water displaced from the pressure vessel by the inflowing abrasive medium flows from the pressure vessel upwards into the lock chamber via a return flow from the pressure vessel upwards into the lock chamber. During this replenishment, the sluice chamber is pressurized like a pressure vessel and a circuit is formed in which the abrasive medium flows from the sluice chamber into the pressure vessel and water is returned from the pressure vessel into the sluice chamber until the sluice chamber contains water to a maximum extent. In order to accelerate the replenishment process, the circuit can be assisted or driven by a pump, preferably by means of externally driven vanes, wherein the pump can preferably be arranged at the return line which conducts the water with a small or no fraction of the abrasive medium. During the filling process, the cutting device may continue to operate continuously, since the pressure vessel remains constantly pressurized. In the circuit, upstream of the pump may be a filter or separator to filter out or separate out the abrasive medium so as to be closed as little as possible by the abrasive medium.
Optionally, the device has a refill funnel and a filling valve, wherein the filling valve has a valve inlet, a valve outlet, a valve chamber arranged between the valve inlet and the valve outlet, and a valve body located in the valve chamber, wherein the valve inlet is connected with the refill funnel and the valve outlet is connected with the gate chamber. Thus, the supplementary valve may be a lower gate valve and the filling valve a gate valve with a gate chamber between the valves. The replenishment valve and the filling valve are preferably never opened simultaneously when the device is continuously operated. The replenishment valve may preferably be opened with the gate chamber pressurised during replenishment of the pressure vessel with abrasive medium from the gate chamber, and the filling valve may be opened without the gate chamber pressurised during replenishment of the gate chamber with abrasive medium from the replenishment hopper. Although the clogging and plugging problems are already present for the make-up valve, it is possible to have the make-up valve and the filling valve perform substantially identically, since only the make-up valve has to be operated at high pressure. But alternatively the filling valve can be designed less complex, for example without a pressure inlet, without a flushing inlet and a flushing outlet and/or without an adjustable valve seat.
Drawings
The disclosure is explained in detail below on the basis of embodiments shown in the drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
6 a-6 c show schematic partial circuit diagrams of three different embodiments of the conveyance aid of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
7 a-7 c show schematic partial circuit diagrams of three different embodiments of an abrasive media flow control device of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
8-12 show schematic partial circuit diagrams of five different embodiments of the abrasive media replenishment device of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 13 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for a water abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
FIG. 14 shows a pressure-time diagram in a gate chamber, in an accumulator, and in a high pressure line in accordance with an embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
15 a-15 b show cross-sections of a make-up valve in the xz plane in two different open positions in accordance with an embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
16 a-16 b show cross-sections of a make-up valve in the xz plane in two different closed positions in accordance with an embodiment of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
17 a-17 b show cross-sections of a supplementary valve in the yz plane in a closed position according to two different embodiments of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein;
18 a-18 b illustrate perspective views of a make-up valve according to embodiments of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting apparatus disclosed herein; and
fig. 19 a-19 b show cross-sections of a shut-off valve in the form of a needle valve according to two different embodiments of the aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device disclosed herein.
Detailed Description
The aqueous abrasive suspension cutting device 1 shown in fig. 1 has a high-pressure source 3 which supplies a high pressure p of approximately 1500 to 4000bar in a high-pressure line 50And (4) water. The high-pressure line 5 is connected to a discharge nozzle 7, from which discharge nozzle 7 water under high pressure is ejected at a very high speed in a jet 9. The jet 9 can thus effectively be used as a cutting jet for cutting material, the high-pressure line 5 being branched off such that at least a partial flow through the high-pressure line 5 is guided through the pressure vessel 11, in which the aqueous abrasive suspension 13 is located. The supply of the aqueous abrasive suspension 13 to the discharge nozzle can be switched on and off by means of the shut-off valve 15. The portion of the aqueous abrasive suspension 13 in the jet 9 can be set by a throttle 17, which is formed by a pair of high-pressure lines 5 guided through the pressure vessel 11The traffic in the line is throttled. The throttle valve 17 can be configured, for example, in the form of a fixed orifice plate or can be configured to be settable or adjustable. Preferably, the throttle 17 can be set such that the throttle 17 can also completely prevent the flow into the pressure vessel 11 if necessary, so that the shut-off valve 15 can be dispensed with. The throttle valve 17 is preferably adjustable, wherein a signal for characterizing the abrasive medium withdrawal flow can be used as an adjusting variable for adjusting the opening of the throttle valve 17 (see fig. 7a-c), which signal is obtained by a sensor or from a supplied operating parameter.
During the cutting, the aqueous abrasive suspension 13 is removed from the pressure vessel 11 and water is supplied under high pressure, wherein the abrasive medium in the pressure vessel 11 is consumed. Therefore, the pressure vessel 11 must be continuously or sequentially replenished with abrasive media. Here, a replenishment valve 19 in the form of a ball valve is arranged on the pressure vessel 11. The replenishment valve 19 connects a gate chamber 21 arranged above the replenishment valve 19 with the pressure vessel 11. A filling valve 23 is also arranged above the gate chamber 21, the filling valve 23 connecting a supplementary funnel 25 arranged above the gate chamber 21 with the gate chamber 21. The filling valve 23 can be designed in substantially the same configuration as the supplementary valve 19 in the form of a ball valve.
The replenishment hopper 25 is not under pressure and can be filled from above with dry, moist or wet abrasive media or aqueous abrasive suspension (see fig. 8 to 12). This can be at least partially abrasive medium prepared again from the cutting beam 9, which can be filled via a conveying device (see fig. 8 to 12) into the replenishment hopper 25 from above in dry, wet, frozen, granulated, suspended form. When the replenishment valve 19 is closed, the gate chamber 21 will be temporarily pressureless. The pressure in the gate chamber 21 can be discharged, for example, via a pressure relief valve 27 in the form of a needle valve into an outlet opening 29. In the pressureless sluice chamber 21, the filling valve 23 can be opened, so that abrasive medium falls from the replenishment funnel 25 into the sluice chamber 21. This filling of the sluice chamber 21 with abrasive medium due to gravity can be assisted and accelerated by the pump 31. The pump 31 can be connected on the suction side to the lock chamber 21 and on the pressure side to the replenishment funnel 25. Thereby, the pump 31 may pump abrasive medium into the gate chamber 21. This is particularly relevant in the case of abrasive media jamming in the narrowed lower region of the replenishment funnel 25 or at the filling valve 23. By pumping the abrasive medium down through the pump 31, the clogging can be relieved or avoided. In order to avoid the need to design the pump 31 for high pressures, it is advantageous to block the pump 31 from the gate chamber 21 by means of a pump shut-off valve 33 in the form of a needle valve. The pump shut-off valve 33 can be designed flushable in order to flush the valve seat and the valve body, for example in the form of a valve needle, without abrasive medium (see fig. 19 a-b). This ensures a tight closure of the pump shut-off valve 33 and also reduces material wear in the valve. The pump 31 may be protected to the greatest extent against the abrasive media by means of a pre-filter and/or separator (both not shown).
The pump shut-off valve 33 is opened only when the lock chamber 21 is already pressureless. For the pump shut-off valve 33, a first embodiment of a needle valve according to fig. 19a can thus be used, in which a lateral flushing inlet and an opposite lateral flushing outlet are provided. Whereas for the pressure reducing valve 27 the second embodiment of the needle valve according to fig. 19b is more advantageous, wherein a check valve is provided at the flushing inlet. Since the pressure relief valve 27 opens at high pressure, the check valve prevents the pressure in the direction of the flushing inlet from being discharged. The flushing outlet can open into the outflow opening 29, so that the pressure discharge and the flushing medium discharge are only carried out towards the outflow opening 29, and not towards the flushing inlet.
As soon as the sluice chamber 21 is now filled, for example, with 1kg of abrasive medium, the filling valve 23 can be closed. Further, the pressure reducing valve 27 and the pump shut-off valve 33 are closed at this time. The gate chamber 21 has in a lower region a pressurization inlet 35, via which the gate chamber 21 can be pressurized. The pressure inlet 35 may in the embodiment of fig. 1 be blocked from connection to the pressure accumulator 39 via a pressure valve 37 in the form of a needle valve and connected to the high-pressure line 5 via a throttle 41, 42. The pressure accumulator 39 has two pressure accumulator units in the form of spring accumulators, which are connected in parallel with the inlet of the pressure valve 37. The accumulator 39 is connected to the high-pressure line 5 via a throttle 41. The throttle valves 41, 42 may be designed to be stationary, for example in the form of orifice plates, or adjustable or controllable. If the throttle valves 41, 42 are adjustable to such an extent that the connection between the high-pressure line 5 and the pressure inlet 35 is completely blocked, the addition of pressure can be dispensed with if necessaryAnd a pressure valve 37. Before the gate chamber 21 is pressurized, the accumulator 39 is fully pressurized. As soon as the pressure booster valve 37 is opened, the pressure accumulator 39 releases the pressure into the gate chamber 21 and thus rapidly raises the gate chamber to a high pressure p which is provided in the high-pressure line 5 as a nominal high pressure by the high-pressure source 30About 40% of the total. By means of this rapid partial pressurization, a pressure pulse is introduced into the gate chamber 21 from below, which pressure pulse loosens the abrasive medium. This is advantageous for later discharge of the abrasive medium into the pressure vessel 11. Since the high-pressure line 5 is also connected to the gate chamber 21 via the throttle 41, the pressure is also throttled, i.e. more slowly pressurized, by the high-pressure line 5 at the same time as the pressurization valve 37 is opened. Once the pressure accumulator 39 is unloaded, the desired high pressure p is required in the gate chamber 210The residual pressure of about 60% is built up only via the throttled, i.e. slower pressurization of the high-pressure line 5. Thereby, the magnitude of the pressure drop in the high-pressure line 5 is limited to a minimum.
In the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, the accumulator 39 is decompressed again immediately from the moment it is decompressed. In this case, the high-pressure line 5 pressurizes the gate chamber 21 and the pressure accumulator 39 with a residual pressure. This is advantageous in particular when the pressure loading of the accumulator 39 is time-consuming, so that the replenishment rate is linked to the pressurized loading of the accumulator 39.
In the second embodiment shown in fig. 2, the accumulator 39 can be blocked by means of an accumulator valve 43 in the form of a needle valve. When the pressure accumulator 39 has been relieved, the pressure accumulator valve 43 can be blocked, so that the high-pressure line 5 is not additionally charged with the pressure charging the pressure accumulator 39 during the pressurization of the gate chamber 21. This loading can cause a pressure drop in the high-pressure line 5, which can have an adverse effect on the cutting power at the discharge nozzle 7. It is therefore advantageous that the accumulator valve 43 is opened only when the gate chamber 21 is fully pressurized and the pressure booster valve 37 is closed, so that the accumulator 39 can be pressurized from the high-pressure line 5 via the throttle 41. This is advantageous in particular when the pressure accumulator 39 is not so time-consuming to be pressurized that the replenishment rate is correlated with the pressure charging time of the pressure accumulator 39. Filling the gate chamber 21 and replenishing the pressure vessel 11 will generally last longer than loading the accumulator 39 with pressure. The throttle 41 can thus be adjusted to load the pressure accumulator 39 as slowly as possible, but still fast enough to completely load the pressure accumulator 39 before the next process of loading the gate chamber 21.
In the third embodiment according to fig. 3, the pressure accumulator 39 is completely omitted and the gate chamber 21 is pressurized from the high-pressure line 5 only via the throttle 41. This is advantageous when the high-pressure source 3 can react quickly to an initial pressure drop, for example via servo pump control, and the pump power is adjusted correspondingly quickly so that no large pressure drops occur at all. The initial pressure drop occurring in the high-pressure source 3 can be signaled via the pressure sensor, so that the high-pressure source 3 can quickly counteract the control of a further pressure drop with a power increase or a rotational speed increase. The initial pressure drop is slowed down via the throttle 41 so that at no time is a pressure drop that seriously affects the cutting power.
Once the sluice chamber 21 is now fully pressurised, the replenishing valve 19 can be opened, whereby the pressure vessel can be replenished by allowing abrasive medium to flow from the sluice chamber 21 through the replenishing valve 19 into the pressure vessel 11 under the influence of gravity or assisted by gravity. Preferably, a delivery aid 45, for example in the form of a pump, is provided, which is connected on the suction side to the pressure vessel 11 and on the pressure side to the lock chamber 21. The delivery assistance device 45 assists or generates a flow of abrasive medium from the gate chamber 21 down into the pressure vessel 11. The delivery assistance device 45 may prevent or unblock abrasive media clogging and accelerate the replenishment process due to gravity. In contrast to the pump 31 at the replenishment funnel 25, the delivery aid 45 at the pressure vessel 11 is assisted by the pump being at a nominal high pressure p0The water under works. The conveying aids must therefore be designed for high-pressure operation. For example, the delivery aid may have only an impeller that is inductively driven at high pressure, as shown in fig. 6b, so as to minimize the number of movable parts that are at high pressure. A delivery-assist stop valve 47 is arranged between the delivery-assist device 45 and the gate chamber 21, wherein the delivery-assist stop valve 47 in the form of a needle valve can be brought into contact when the gate chamber 21 is not pressurized or is not fully pressurizedThe pump 47 is blocked for the chamber 21. The delivery-assisting stop valve 47 is preferably a flushable needle valve according to fig. 19b with a check valve at the flushing inlet, since it operates at high pressure.
Fig. 6a-c show different alternative embodiments of the transportation aid 45. The transport aid 45 may have, for example, a blade driven from the outside via a shaft (see fig. 6a) or a blade driven in an inductive manner (see fig. 6 b). The delivery aid 45 may also assist replenishment of abrasive media into the pressure vessel 11 via piston stroke (see fig. 6 c). The delivery assist 45 may be continuously pumped or delivered or limited in time or pulsed. It may be sufficient if necessary only to start the flow of the auxiliary abrasive medium into the pressure vessel 11 and then to continue the operation sufficiently quickly due to gravity. Alternatively or additionally, the flow of abrasive medium into the pressure vessel 11 may be continuously assisted or generated.
In addition to the upper valve inlet 49 and the lower valve outlet 51, the replenishment valve 49 also has a lateral pressure inlet 53. The valve chamber in which the movable valve body is located can be pressurized via the pressure inlet 53. Since, when the device is started up, without pressurizing the valve chamber, the very high pressure presses the valve body into the valve seat at the valve inlet 49 and the valve outlet 51 to such an extent that the valve body can no longer move. Via the lateral pressure inlet 53, a pressure equalization can be established in the replenishment valve 19, so that the valve body can be moved after the start of operation.
In the fourth or fifth exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4 and 5, a flushing device for the replenishment valve 19 is provided. The flushing source 55 can be connected in a blocking manner to the pressure inlet 53 (see fig. 4). Preferably, three flushing valves 57, 59, 61 are provided here, which can be switched on and off or are separated from the high pressure. A first flushing valve 57 in the form of a needle valve is arranged between the delivery aid 45 and the pressure inlet 53. A second flushing valve 59, also referred to herein as a flushing outlet valve 59, is arranged in the form of a needle valve between the lateral flushing outlet 63 and the outflow 65. A third flushing valve 61 in the form of a needle valve is arranged between the flushing source 55 and the pressure inlet 53.
In order to be able to flush the replenishment valve 19 completely with water or a water-flushing medium mixture so that the valve chamber of the replenishment valve 19 can be freed from residual abrasive medium, the replenishment valve 19 is preferably closed. The first flush valve 57 is also closed so that pressure can be vented from the pressure inlet 53 without venting pressure at the delivery assist device 45. The second flushing valve 59 opens into the outflow opening 65, so that the high pressure which is present if necessary can be discharged from the valve chamber. If the third flushing valve 61 is now open, water or a water-flushing medium mixture flows through the valve chamber towards the outflow opening 65 and thus flushes the valve chamber free of abrasive medium. The seat maintenance process preferably flushes the make-up valve 19 in the case of a completely pressureless device 1, so that the valve chamber can be completely flushed completely and, if necessary, the valve body can be moved at the same time.
Instead of the fourth embodiment according to fig. 4, the flushing inlet 66 is provided separately from the pressure inlet 53 in the fifth embodiment according to fig. 5 (see also fig. 15a-b and 17 a-b). The pressure inlet 53 may be arranged coaxially with and opposite the servomotor shaft 86, where the flushing inlet 66 and the flushing outlet 63 may be arranged coaxially with each other and on opposite sides transverse to the servomotor shaft 86.
The flushing is terminated again by closing the three flushing valves 57, 59, 61 in the reverse order, i.e. the third flushing valve 61 is closed first, thereby stopping the flushing flow. The second flush valve 59 is then closed to close the valve chamber relative to the outlet port 65. Finally, the first flush valve 57 can be opened, thereby pressurizing the valve chamber at high pressure. The pressurization of the valve chamber is advantageous because in the replenishment valve 19, the valve body can be pressed into the valve seat to such an extent by the large pressure difference between the valve outlet 51 or the valve inlet 49 and the valve chamber that the valve body can no longer move. While the pressurisation of the valve chamber provides a pressure balance so that the valve body remains movable in the supplementary valve 19.
A preferred regulation of the abrasive medium withdrawal flow is shown in the partial circuit diagrams according to fig. 7 a-c. The branch of the high-pressure line 5 for the purpose of incorporating the abrasive medium into the cutting beam 9 is led through a pressure vessel 11 filled with an abrasive medium suspension 13. An extraction point 68 arranged in the lower region of the pressure vessel 11 is connected to the outlet nozzle 7 via an abrasive medium line 70, and a branch of the high-pressure line 5 is introduced into the upper region of the pressure vessel 11 via a control valve or a controllable throttle 17. Upstream of the pressure vessel 11, the abrasive medium line merges again with the high-pressure line 5 before the outlet nozzle 7, so that the cutting jet contains, for example, an abrasive medium suspension and water in a mixing ratio of 1: 9. The mixing ratio can be controlled via a throttle or control valve 17 connected on the inlet side to the pressure vessel 11. In the maximum open position of the regulating valve 17, the abrasive medium extraction flow is maximum and the mixing ratio is maximum. In the minimum open position of the control valve 17 or in the closed position of the control valve (see fig. 7b or fig. 7c), the abrasive medium withdrawal flow is minimal or zero and the mixing ratio is correspondingly small or the cutting jet 9 now contains only water.
In this case, it is advantageous for various reasons that the actual extraction flow of the abrasive medium needs to be measured and regulated. On the one hand, a specific mixing ratio can be optimized for cutting a specific material, workpiece or workpiece section, wherein the cutting power is only achieved by the desired extraction of the abrasive medium. In the case of non-uniform workpieces, the cutting power can be adjusted during cutting via the mixing ratio. On the other hand, the pressure vessel 11 can be replenished with abrasive medium in accordance with the abrasive medium extraction flow control so that there is a continuous and sufficient suspension 13 of abrasive medium in the pressure vessel 11 for continuous cutting. In fig. 7a-c four different levels of abrasive medium in the pressure vessel 11 are shown by means of dashed cones. At the maximum level cone FmaxAnd a minimum level cone FminAnother two liquid level cones F are shown in between1And F2Wherein F ismax>F1>F2>Fmin. It should again be mentioned here that the entire apparatus 1 and in particular the pressure vessel 11 is completely free of air. I.e. the liquid level cone is in the pressurized water. Maximum liquid level cone FmaxDefined as backflow into the make-up valve 19 as the make-up of abrasive media into the pressure vessel 11 continues. Minimum level cone FminBy definition, the fraction of abrasive medium in the abrasive medium conduit 70 on the outlet side from which the abrasive medium suspension is withdrawn is reduced as the withdrawal of abrasive medium is continued.
As shown in fig. 7a and 7b, the level sensors 72, 74, 76 may be arranged at the pressure vessel 11 in order to give a signal to the level coneNumber (n). The level sensors 72, 74, 76 may be, for example, ultrasonic sensors, optical sensors or gratings, electromagnetic sensors, or other types of sensors. The fill level sensors 72, 74, 76 are ultrasonic sensors which emit signals via a structure-borne sound change to a fill level cone. The upper level sensor 72 can, for example, emit a cone of liquid level F1And start a timer or define a time point t1. The lower level sensor 74 may, for example, emit a cone of liquid level F2And stops the timer or defines the time t after Δ t2. The average abrasive medium withdrawal flow can be determined as Δ V/Δ t or Δ V/(t) via the known geometry of the pressure vessel 11 and the vertical spacing of the level sensors 72, 742-t1). The lowest third level sensor 76 may emit a minimum level cone FminAnd immediately blocks the shut-off valve 15 in order to prevent evacuation of the pressure vessel 11. Other operating parameters, such as the pump speed of the high-pressure source 3 for determining and controlling the abrasive medium suction flow, can also be used as a control variable for the control valve 17 according to fig. 7 b. As shown in fig. 7c, the abrasive medium flux or mixing ratio can also be determined at the abrasive medium line 70 or before the outlet nozzle 7 by means of a corresponding sensor 79 and used as a control variable for the control valve 17.
The level sensors 72, 74 may also be used to control the replenishment cycle or to set the clock for the replenishment cycle. E.g. via the upper level sensor 72 at the level cone F1And a maximum liquid level cone FmaxThe filling of the chamber 21. If the liquid level cone is lowered to F1Thereafter, the upper fill level sensor 72 can trigger the filling of the lock chamber 21, whereby a fill level cone F is emitted at the lower fill level sensor 742Is filled and can thus trigger replenishment from the filled chamber 21 into the pressure vessel 11. Thereby preventing the liquid level cone from being lowered to the minimum liquid level cone Fmin. At the minimum level cone FminAnd liquid level cone F2At least one filling of the gate chamber 21 can also be set as a buffer in between. Instead of triggering the filling of the lock chamber 21 at a specific filling level, the pressure vessel 11 can always be replenished immediatelyWhich in turn fills the chamber 21. Then only the liquid level cone F2Triggering the replenishment of the slave lock chamber 21. The vertical spacing between the upper level sensor 72 and the lower level sensor 74 may be selected to be relatively short, for example, such that at F1And F2The reduction in between lasts for a shorter time than the filling process of the door chamber 21. With shorter vertical spacing, the average abrasive media extraction flow Δ V/Δ t or Δ V/(t) may be derived more frequently2-t1) And in turn more accurately reflects the current abrasive medium extraction flow dV/dt.
Fig. 8 to 12 show different possibilities of adding abrasive media in dry, wet, damp, suspended, frozen, granulated or other form to the replenishment funnel 25 or directly to the filling valve 23. In fig. 8, a pre-load container 78 is provided from which the abrasive medium suspension is transferred to the replenishment funnel 25 by means of a pump 80. The water displaced by the descending abrasive medium during the loading of the replenishment funnel 25 flows away via the overflow 82 at the replenishment funnel.
In fig. 9, a pre-load container 78 is provided, from which dry, powdered or moist, coagulated abrasive medium is conveyed into the replenishment hopper 25 by means of a conveyor screw 84 and/or a conveyor belt 85. The water displaced by the descending abrasive medium during the loading of the replenishment funnel 25 also flows away via the overflow 82 at the replenishment funnel 25. The abrasive medium can be recovered, for example, from the waste water of the cutting beam 9 after the cutting process and can be prepared so that it can be used for the subsequent cutting process. The advantage of this apparatus over known water abrasive injection cutting apparatus is that there is no need to dry the remanufactured abrasive media and the abrasive media can be filled into the apparatus in a wet-set or random fashion.
In fig. 10, the overflow 82 is not provided, but rather a circuit is provided between the replenishment funnel 25 and the pre-loading container 78, wherein the pump 80 drives the circuit on the outlet side of the replenishment funnel 25 with the aid of an abrasive medium in order to fill the replenishment funnel 25. In this case, the replenishment funnel 25 is preferably closed so that the pump 80 can draw the abrasive medium suspension from the pre-load container 78. It is advantageous here that the pump 80 delivers relatively clean water and does not deliver a saturated abrasive medium suspension as in fig. 8. Thereby reducing wear in the pump 80. Furthermore, the aspiration of the abrasive media suspension is less prone to clogging than squeezing. As shown in fig. 11, however, a conveyor screw 84 may also be arranged on the inlet side of the replenishment hopper 25 in order to convey the abrasive medium into the replenishment hopper 25. This is advantageous in particular when the pre-load container 78 is not provided with an abrasive medium suspension, but with the abrasive medium in dry powder or wet, coagulated form.
The replenishment funnel 25 can even be dispensed with completely if it is conveyed directly into the filling valve 23 via the conveyor screw 84 or the pump 80 sufficiently rapidly and in a controlled manner (see fig. 12). Water displaced by the abrasive medium during filling of the sluice chamber 21 can be conducted back from the sluice chamber 21 into the filling funnel 25 via the pump shut-off valve 33. This can also be assisted by the pump 31 according to fig. 1 to 5 in order to additionally actively suck abrasive medium into the lock chamber 21.
According to one embodiment of the method disclosed herein, abrasive media is replenished into the pressure vessel 11 for the purpose of performing waterabrasive suspension cutting on a portion-by-portion and periodic basis while continuously cutting the workpiece to be machined with the cutting beam 9. Fig. 13 shows method steps over time. In a first step 301, water is provided at high pressure in a high-pressure line 5 by means of a high-pressure source 3. Thereby also providing an abrasive medium suspension 303 under pressure in the pressure vessel 11. The cut 305 can then be made by means of the high-pressure jet 9, which at least partially contains the abrasive medium suspension, while the abrasive medium suspension is being withdrawn from the pressure vessel 11. Steps 307 to 311 serve to replenish the pressure vessel 11 with abrasive media in portions and periodically during the continuous cut 305. First, the unpressurized chamber 21 is filled 307 with an abrasive medium or an abrasive medium suspension. During filling, the delivery aid 45 is blocked from the unpressurized gate chamber 21 by the delivery aid blocking valve 47. The pump 31 is then blocked 308 from the chamber 21. The gate chamber is then pressurized 309 at least partly by the decompression of the pressure accumulator 39, and finally the pressure vessel 11 is replenished 311 with abrasive medium or abrasive medium suspension from the pressurized gate chamber 21 via the replenishment valve 19. During replenishment 311, the delivery assistance device 45 is in fluid connection with the pressurized gate chamber 21 via the open delivery assistance device shut-off valve 47. After the replenishment 311, the delivery-aid shut-off valve 47 as well as the pressurization valve 37 and the replenishment valve 19 are blocked, so that the gate chamber 21 can be relieved of pressure via the pressure relief valve 27 into the outflow opening 29 for the next filling step.
During the filling 307 of the gate chamber 21 or the replenishment 311 of the pressure vessel 11, the pressure accumulator can be charged with pressure 313 from the high-pressure line 5 via the throttle 41. At the same time as the pressurization 309 of the gate chamber 21 from the pressure accumulator 39 begins, the gate chamber 21 can be pressurized 315 at least partially from the high-pressure line 5 via the throttle 41. The slow throttled pressurization 315 from the high-pressure line 5 can last longer than the rapid pressurization 309, which unloads the pressure via the accumulator 39. In other words, the gate chamber 21 can be pressurized 309 by unloading the pressure accumulator 39 during a first time window a and pressurizing 315 the gate chamber 21 of the high-pressure line 5 during a second time window B, wherein the first time window a and the second time window B at least partially overlap, preferably intersect at the beginning thereof.
The gate chamber 21 can be pressurized 309 rapidly by the decompression of the pressure accumulator, so that the abrasive medium located in the gate chamber 21 is activated by the pressure impulse. Here, the pressurization 309 of the gate chamber by the decompression of the pressure accumulator 39 is preferably carried out in the lower region of the gate chamber 21, since a blockage of the abrasive medium is more likely to occur in the lower region than in the upper region.
Optionally, the gate chamber 21 is blocked with respect to the accumulator 39 and/or the pressurized inlet 35 of the high-pressure line 5 during the filling 307 and replenishing 311. The pressure accumulator 39 is therefore charged with pressure 313 during the filling 307 and the replenishing 311. The energy can be stored here by way of a spring or fluid compression in the pressure accumulator 39, which can be configured as a spring or gas bag pressure accumulator. The filling 307, pressurizing 309 and replenishing 311 may be performed periodically, while the cutting 305 may be performed continuously.
Alternatively, the accumulator 39 is first blocked by means of the accumulator valve 43 after the pressure in the gate chamber 21 has been increased 309 by the pressure relief of the accumulator 39 from the high-pressure line 5. Only when the gate chamber 21 is pressurized from the high-pressure line 5 via the throttle 41, the accumulator valve 43 can now be opened again in order to charge the accumulator 39 with pressure.
Fig. 14 shows an exemplary course of the pressure p over time t in the gate chamber 21 (upper part), in the pressure accumulator 39 (middle) and in the high-pressure line 5 (lower part). The pressure in the unpressurized gate chamber 21 is initially ambient pressure, which is here on the zero line. The lock chamber 21 can be in this unpressurized phase at a time t before the start of the pressurization 3090Is filled 307.
At a point in time t0The pressurization 309, 315 is started. In a short first time window a ═ t1-t0During this time, the gate chamber 21 is pressurized 309 to the rated high pressure p by the decompression of the accumulator 39040% of the total. Then at t1The accumulator 39 is unloaded to a minimum and then blocked via the accumulator valve 43 according to the second embodiment in fig. 2. However, the door chamber 21 is in a second, longer time window B ═ t2-t0Continues to be pressurized 315 slowly via the throttle 41 from the high-pressure line 5 until t2At a high voltage p0. The pressurization 309, 315 of the chamber 21 may last for 5 to 10 seconds. Once at t2A nominal high voltage p is reached in the lock chamber 210 Replenishment 311 may begin and at the same time pressure 313 may be applied to the pressure vessel 39 again. In the embodiment according to fig. 3 without an accumulator 39, the gate chamber 21 is pressurized completely via the throttle 41 by the high-pressure line 5 during the time window B.
At t2And t3The replenishing valve 19 is opened so that abrasive medium can flow into the pressure vessel 11. At a point in time t3At this point, the abrasive medium completely flows from the lock chamber 21 into the pressure vessel 11 and the replenishment step 311 ends. For filling 307, the pressure can be discharged from the gate chamber 21 via the pressure reducing valve 27 into the outflow opening 29 relatively quickly until t4There is again a low pressure in the lock chamber 21. The chamber 21 can then be filled 307 to begin a new replenishment cycle. The pressure accumulator 39 is preferably throttled from t as slowly and as throttled as possible2Pressure begins to be applied again from the high-pressure line 5, so that at t0The pressure may be fully loaded again for pressurization 309. The lower diagram shows at t0While opening the pressurizing valve 37 or at t2The pressure in the high-pressure line 5 decreases when the accumulator valve 43 is opened. The amplitude of the pressure drop is correspondingly reduced via the throttle 41 to such an extent that the cutting power of the cutting jet 9 is not significantly impaired.
Fig. 15a and 15b show the replenishment valve 19 in a cross section in more detail in the respective different open positions. Because the makeup valve 19 must be operated with high pressure on the valve inlet 49 and valve outlet 51, trouble-free operation of the makeup valve 19 is a technical challenge. The reliable opening and closing of the replenishment valve 19 is now ensured by the four sub-aspects, each of which alone or in any combination of two, three or all four sub-aspects contributes to the replenishment valve 19 not being clogged or blocked by the abrasive medium.
The supplementary valve 19, which is preferably configured as a ball valve, has a vertical flow direction D from top to bottom and has a centrally arranged valve body 67 which is rotatable about a rotational axis R perpendicular to the flow direction D, the valve body 67 having a spherical outer surface. The valve body 67 has a central passage 69, the central passage 69 extending parallel to the flow direction D and perpendicular to the axis of rotation R in the open position shown in fig. 15a and 15 b. The first open position according to fig. 15a differs from the second open position according to fig. 15b in that the valve body 67 is rotated 180 ° relative to the axis of rotation R. The valve body 67 is seated in the valve chamber 71 between an upper valve seat 73 and a lower valve seat 75. The upper valve seat 73 forms the valve inlet 49 and the lower valve seat 75 forms the valve outlet 51. The upper valve seat 73 and the lower valve seat 75 are arranged coaxially to one another and to the vertical flow direction D. The valve chamber 71 can be flushed completely via the transverse flushing inlet 66 and via the flushing outlet 63 diametrically opposite the flushing inlet 66, preferably completely without pressure in the replenishment valve 19.
According to a first sub-aspect, the supplementary valve 19 can here assume a first closed position (fig. 16a), a first open position (fig. 15a) and a second open position (fig. 15b), wherein in the first closed position (fig. 16a) the gate chamber 21 is fluidly separated from the pressure vessel 11 and in the first open position and in the second open position (fig. 15a-b) the gate chamber 21 is fluidly connected to the pressure vessel 11. The first open position and the second open position may be almost indistinguishable due to the symmetry of the valve body 67. The valve body 67 can be rotated in one direction about the axis of rotation R to any extent, so that in principle if the torque required for this does not exceed a certain threshold, the direction of rotation need not be reversed and the valve body 67 can only be operated in the direction of rotation. The first closed position of fig. 16a is here at 90 ° between the first open position and the second open position. In this case also a second closed position rotated by 180 ° about the axis of rotation R with respect to the first closed position (see fig. 16 b). In the closed position shown in fig. 16a and 16b, the passage 69 is perpendicular to the flow direction D and to the axis of rotation R, so that the valve body 67 seals the valve inlet 49 at the upper valve seat 73 and the valve outlet 51 at the lower valve seat 75. The optional flush inlet 66 and flush outlet 63 are not shown here, but they may be provided. There are thus always two possibilities for the valve body 67 to move in both directions, and if one direction of movement then requires an excessively high torque, the supplementary valve 19 opens or closes in the first open position/closed position or in the second open position/closed position. That is, if one direction of movement is blocked or obstructed, the valve body 67 can be moved in the other direction of movement and the valve 19 is brought into the other open/closed position. The blocking or jamming can be relieved by reversal as an advantageous secondary effect, so that the previously blocked direction of movement is released again in the next operation. The supplementary valve 19 can also be swung freely by a number of revolutions to and fro, for example if it is difficult to operate the valve body 67 in both directions of movement.
According to the second sub-aspect, the valve chamber 71 can be pressurized in the closed position of the valve body 67. According to fig. 17a-b, the valve chamber 71 has for this purpose a pressure inlet 53, via which the valve chamber 71 can be pressurized in the closed position of the valve body 67. The pressure inlet 53 is arranged opposite the servomotor shaft 86 coaxially therewith in the yz plane. Alternatively, the pressure inlet 53 can also lie in the xz plane perpendicular thereto and be used as a flushing inlet 66 if necessary. The valve body 67 is rotated about the rotation axis R via the servomotor shaft 86. When the device 1, which is initially pressure-free, is put into operation or put into operation again, the valve chamber 71 is initially pressure-free. If the pressure vessel 11 and the brake chamber 21 are now pressurized to about 2000bar, the valve body 67 can be clamped by the valve seats 73, 75 and hardly or even no longer be movable due to the high pressure on the inlet side and on the outlet side in the valve chamber 71 in the event of a simultaneous low pressure. By means of the pressure inlet 53, the pressure difference between the valve chamber 71 and the valve inlet 49 or the valve outlet 51 can be further reduced at the start of operation, so that the valve body 67 is not clamped by high pressure. In fig. 17b it is shown that the upper valve seat 73 is adjustable via the adjusting device according to a fourth sub-aspect. The upper valve seat 73 can be positioned in the z direction by rotation about the flow direction D via an external thread. This rotation can be effected manually or by motor drive by means of a lever 88 acting from the outside on the active surface 77.
According to a third sub-aspect, the valve chamber can be flushed through as shown, for example, in fig. 15 a-b. Here, the replenishment valve has a flushing inlet 66 and a flushing outlet 63, via which the valve chamber 71 can be flushed through. Here, the pressure inlet 53 can optionally be used as a flushing inlet 66. This is particularly advantageous in combination with the second sub-aspect of the pressure inlet 53, since a flushing process can take place in the pressureless valve chamber 71 or in the completely pressureless device 1, and then the valve chamber 71 can be pressurized again via the pressure inlet 53 when the device 1 is started again, so that the valve body 67 is not clamped by high pressure.
According to a fourth sub-aspect, the replenishment valve has an upper valve seat 73 on the inlet side and a lower valve seat 75 on the outlet side, wherein at least one of the valve seats 73, 75 is adjustable, so that the spacing of the valve seats 73, 75 from one another can be adjusted. The replenishment valve 19 can thus be optimally adjusted so as to be sealed on the one hand and not blocked on the other hand. It may be advantageous to fine-tune the distance of the valve seats 73, 75 from one another at the start of operation of the apparatus, during temperature fluctuations, during continuous clogging due to abrasive media and/or due to material wear. In order that the device does not have to be shut off and does not have to be removed from one another, a tool opening 90 can be provided as shown in fig. 18a, through which a tool in the form of a lever 88 can be acted on in order to set the at least one adjustable valve seat 73. But preferably the valve seat 73 is adjusted during maintenance in the absence of pressure in the device 1. The upper valve seat 73 on the inlet side is in this example axially displaceable in the flow direction D via an external thread. The lever 88 can be placed from the outside onto the active surface 77 (see fig. 18b) arranged on the peripheral side in order to rotate the valve seat 73. The supplementary valve 19 thus does not need to be separated from the device 1 or disassembled. The operator can therefore immediately intervene manually in order to ensure continuous operation, or shut down the device 1 or unload the pressure, in order to adjust the valve seat 73 as a maintenance procedure. Alternatively or additionally, readjustment via the motor can also be automatically controlled and/or regulated.
The valve body 67 is preferably controlled in rotation about the axis of rotation R via a servo motor, not shown. In this case, the motor torque or the power consumption of the motor, which is measured if necessary, can be monitored, so that if a threshold value is exceeded, the direction of rotation can be switched to another open or closed position. Alternatively or additionally, torque or power peaks for a particular period of time may be recorded and an error or maintenance event signaled based on the recording. For example, may indicate a need to readjust the valve seat 73.
Fig. 19 a-19 b show two embodiments of flushable needle valves, which can be used, for example, as one or more of the shut-off valves 15, 27, 33, 37, 47 or at other locations in the device 1. The needle valve according to fig. 19a is preferably applied in a position where it is not necessary to open or close the needle valve at high pressure, for example as a pump shut-off valve 33 in a circuit, in order to assist the filling of the gate chamber 21. The pump shut-off valve 33 has a high-pressure inlet 92, which can be shut off from a low-pressure outlet 95 by means of a needle 94 arranged coaxially with the high-pressure inlet 92 and axially positionable. The needle 94 has a conical closing surface 96 at the end facing the high-pressure inlet 92, which can be pressed against a valve seat 98 for blocking. Once the high pressure inlet 92 is blocked, high pressure can be provided at the high pressure inlet 92 without leaking high pressure through the low pressure outlet 95. In the absence of high pressure at the high pressure inlet 92, the pump shut-off valve 33 may be opened to allow flow from the high pressure inlet 92 to the low pressure outlet 95 at low pressure.
The needle valve according to fig. 19a to 19b also has a flushing inlet 100 via which the open needle valve can be flushed through, wherein flushing liquid, i.e. water or water with a cleaning additive, can flow out via the low-pressure outlet 95. The flow of flushing liquid can remove residual abrasive medium in particular from the valve seat 98 and the closing surface 96, thus ensuring a more smooth closing with as little material wear as possible. The needle valve can preferably be flushed shortly before the closing process of the replenishment valve 19. Fig. 19b shows the needle valve and check valve 102 at the flush inlet 100. The check valve 102 prevents a backflow into the flushing inlet 100 and only allows flushing liquid to flow in the direction of the needle valve. This is expedient in the case of a needle valve, for example, when it is used as one or more of the shut-off valves 15, 27, 37, 47, since the valve is opened here when high pressure is present at the high-pressure inlet 92. This high pressure is at least partially relieved into the flush inlet 100 without the check valve 102 and causes a backflow into the flush inlet 100. The check valve 102 prevents this and thus allows for smooth pressure venting via the low pressure outlet 95. In which case the low pressure outlet 95 may also be the high pressure outlet 95. For example, the low-pressure outlet 95 is connected to the outlet 29 in the case of the pressure relief valve 27. In the case of the pressurization valve 37, however, the high-pressure outlet 95 is connected to the pressurization inlet 35 of the gate chamber 21 in order to be acted upon by high pressure.
Preferably, the needle valve is pneumatically driven via a pressing disc (not shown). In order to counteract the high pressure acting on the needle tip in the form of the conical closing surface 96, air pressure can be provided on a much larger pressure disk, so that the needle valve is closed with an air pressure of a few bar and the high pressure is approximately 1500bar and can be held more tightly.
The reference numerals of the components or directions of movement, numbered as "first", "second", "third", etc., are arbitrarily selected here purely for the purpose of distinguishing the components or directions of movement from one another and may be arbitrarily selected to be different. And thus is not of importance ordered.
Equivalent embodiments of parameters, components or functions described herein that are obvious to those skilled in the art are as explicitly described. Therefore, the scope of the claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass such equivalent embodiments. Optional, advantageous, preferred, desirable or similar features denoted "may" are to be understood as optional and should not limit the scope of protection.
The described embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples and not as a closed list of possible embodiments. Each feature disclosed in one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with one or more other features, in either embodiment, regardless of the embodiment in which such feature is separately described. At least one embodiment described and illustrated herein may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as modifications and alternative embodiments that may become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification. Furthermore, the term "comprising" does not exclude other features or method steps, and the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.
List of reference numerals
1 Water abrasive suspension cutting equipment
3 high pressure source
5 high-pressure pipeline
7 discharge nozzle
9 cutting beam
11 pressure vessel
13 aqueous abrasive media suspension
15 stop valve
17 throttle valve
19 supplementary valve
21-gate chamber
23 filling valve
25 supplementary funnel
27 pressure reducing valve
29 outflow port
31 pump
33 pump stop valve
35 pressurized inlet
37 pressure valve
39 pressure accumulator
41 throttle valve
42 throttle valve
43 pressure accumulator valve
45 transfer auxiliary device
47 transfer auxiliary stop valve
49 valve inlet
51 valve outlet
53 pressure inlet
55 flush source
57 first flushing valve
59 second flushing valve or flushing discharge valve
61 third flushing valve
63 flush outlet
65 outflow port
66 flush inlet
67 valve body
68 site of extraction
69 penetration part
70 abrasive medium pipeline
71 valve chamber
72 liquid level sensor
73 valve seat on the inlet side
74 liquid level sensor
75 valve seat on outlet side
76 liquid level sensor
77 acting surface
78 preloaded container
80 pump
82 overflow part
84 conveyor screw
85 conveyor belt
86 servomotor shaft
88 lever
90 tool opening
92 high pressure inlet
94 needles
95 Low pressure outlet/high pressure outlet
96 conical closing surface
98 valve seat
100 flushing inlet
102 check valve
301 providing water at high pressure in a high pressure line
303 providing an abrasive medium suspension under pressure in a pressure vessel
305 cutting material by means of a high-pressure beam
307 filling the unpressurized chamber with an abrasive medium or aqueous abrasive medium suspension
308 blocking the pump from the lock chamber
309 pressurizing the gate chamber by depressurizing the accumulator
311 replenishing the pressure vessel with abrasive media
313 pressure charging the accumulator
315 pressurizing the gate chamber from the high pressure line via a throttle valve
A first time window
B second time window
R axis of rotation
D direction of flow
F1Liquid level cone
F2Liquid level cone
FmaxMaximum liquid level cone
FminThe smallest liquid level cone.
