阅读说明：本技术 一种光伏组件 (Photovoltaic module ) 是由 汪训忠 于 2018-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种光伏组件,包含横向若干行及纵向若干列的电池单元,在所述光伏组件的受光面上横向紧密交替排布N面电池单元与P面电池单元,且其相互之间用导电材料串联,该光伏组件减少了光照的遮挡因素,使得电池单元的发电区域得到充分利用,同时也节省材料成本,降低光伏组件封装难度,明显提高良率,延长组件寿命。(The invention provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises a plurality of transverse rows and a plurality of longitudinal columns of battery units, wherein N-surface battery units and P-surface battery units are transversely and tightly arranged on an illuminated surface of the photovoltaic module in an alternating manner and are connected in series by conductive materials.)

1. A photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of transverse rows and a plurality of longitudinal columns of battery units, and is characterized in that: and the N-surface battery units and the P-surface battery units are transversely and tightly alternately arranged on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module and are connected in series by using a conductive material.

2. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module is single-sided or double-sided.

3. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: one or more rows of the battery units are connected in series by the conductive materials to form a group of battery unit combinations, and in the same group of the battery unit combinations, the adjacent conductive materials are alternately arranged on the front side and the back side of the battery units.

4. A photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein: and the external output power among the battery unit combinations adopts a series connection or parallel connection mode.

5. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic module is a heterojunction silicon-based solar cell module.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic module.

Background

The photovoltaic module is a device which utilizes illumination as an energy source to output voltage and current to the outside and provide electric energy. The basic characteristic is that several or even dozens of battery units are properly arranged, and welding strip welding, conductive adhesive tape bonding or other types of conductive connecting lines are used for connecting scattered battery units in series or in parallel, and then the current and the output voltage are led out by using the bus bars, so that power output is provided for a load.

In order to obtain high conversion efficiency and service life of photovoltaic modules, in addition to the need to use high-efficiency battery cells, high demands are put on the packaging technology of photovoltaic modules, and the packaging technology generally comprises the following aspects: 1. the battery units are tightly attached, so that no or little illumination area is wasted; 2, reducing the shading area of the welding strip and the conductive adhesive tape as much as possible; reducing light reflection; 4. ohmic resistance inside the component is reduced; 5. the output of small current and high open voltage is realized; 6. the arrangement and connection of the battery units are optimized, and the packaging reliability is improved.

Among them, to the arrangement and connection aspect of battery unit, present current situation is:

1. the packaging of photovoltaic modules is popular to use the N-side of all cells in the module as the light-receiving side, as shown in fig. 1; alternatively, the P-side of all cells in the module can be the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic module, as shown in fig. 2. The common characteristics of the two are as follows: when the cells in the module are arranged, all of the N faces are on one face of the module and all of the P faces are on the other face of the module. In order to achieve the effect of series connection of the battery units, wires need to be alternately arranged on the front and back surfaces of the adjacent batteries, and a certain gap needs to be reserved between the adjacent battery units for the penetration of a conductive material, which is not beneficial to the power generation of the assembly.

2. The mainstream techniques for packaging the components include:

(1) the complete battery cell series-parallel technology: common battery cells such as dual master grids, triple master grids, quad master grids, multi-master grids, smart wire, etc. employ this technique as shown in fig. 1 and 2. However, in this assembly technology, the battery cells are connected by means of conductive strips, and the bent connected conductive strips can be broken by stress fatigue during long-term cold and hot stress cycles. Meanwhile, the connection between the conductive belt and the battery unit can also generate the possibility of virtual connection, and the conductive adhesive on the back surface of the conductive belt can corrode the battery unit, so that the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic assembly is negatively affected.

(2) Half-slice technology: cutting a complete cell into 2 or more pieces can reduce the current, increase the output voltage, effectively reduce the internal loss of the assembly, increase the output power, and still connect as shown in fig. 1 and 2, compared to a complete cell. However, due to the influence of the conductive bands in the half-piece technology, the battery units are difficult to be tightly arranged, partial illumination area is wasted, and meanwhile, the conductive bands which are covered on the battery units and are numerous in number can shield partial illumination area, so that the power generation of the photovoltaic assembly is adversely affected. It should be noted that, since the connection manner is basically the same, not only the problem of the half-cell module, but also the similar problem exists in the complete cell series-parallel connection technology.

(3) The tile folding technology comprises the following steps: this technique is an improvement over the half-chip technique, and can further reduce shading loss and increase power output, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. In the technology of tiling, the edge part coincidence between the battery cell relies on the conducting resin to bond in order to play the effect of battery cell interconnection, can reduce the most drawback that the conduction band is connected to a certain extent, improves the effective photic area of subassembly. However, the shingle technique also has the following disadvantages: because the edges of the battery units are overlapped, after the components are laminated, the hidden crack of the battery units is easily generated under the action of internal stress, and the service life of the components is shortened; the overlapping of the battery units wastes the battery power generation capacity of the overlapping area; the requirements on the position arrangement of the battery units before lamination are strict, the overlapping area of the adjacent battery units needs to be accurately controlled, and the requirements on automation are high; the edge conductive adhesive of the battery unit needs to be coated uniformly, the area is consistent, and the operation difficulty is high; the battery units of the assembly are in a partially overlapped state, and have higher requirements on automatic equipment in the assembly packaging process, so that the achievement of high yield is not easy.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, in which adjacent N-plane cells and P-plane cells are alternately arranged to form a light-receiving surface, thereby reducing the shading factor of light and fully utilizing the power generation area of the cells. Meanwhile, the material cost is saved, the packaging difficulty of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the yield is obviously improved, and the service life of the module is prolonged.

Therefore, the invention provides a photovoltaic component which comprises a plurality of transverse rows and a plurality of longitudinal columns of battery units, wherein N-surface battery units and P-surface battery units are transversely and tightly and alternately arranged on a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic component and are connected in series by using a conductive material.

Optionally, the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module is a single surface or double surfaces.

Optionally, one or more rows of the battery cells are connected in series by the conductive material to form a group of battery cell combinations, and adjacent conductive materials are alternately arranged on the front side and the back side of the battery cells in the same group of the battery cell combinations.

Optionally, the external output power between the battery unit combinations is in a series or parallel manner.

Optionally, the photovoltaic module is a heterojunction silicon-based solar cell module.

Compared with the prior art, the technical means disclosed by the invention has the following technical effects:

1. in the invention, the adjacent N-plane battery units and the adjacent P-plane battery units are closely arranged on the light receiving surface, and the N-plane and the P-plane which receive light and generate electricity are directly connected by using the conductive material, so that the aim of serially connecting the battery units can be achieved. Compared with the conventional photovoltaic module, the problem of wasting the power generation area of the battery unit due to overlapping of the battery unit is solved, and the problem of hidden cracking of the battery unit due to stress concentration of an overlapping area is avoided. Meanwhile, the number of the conductive strips is reduced or eliminated, so that the material cost is saved, the packaging difficulty of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the yield can be improved, and the service life of the module is prolonged.

2. Conductive adhesive or solder strips can be selected for connection of adjacent battery units according to requirements, and compatibility is good.

3. The battery units are closely arranged and are tiled on a plane, so that the battery units are very simple and reliable to lay, the requirement on automation equipment is low, the operability is good, and the cost is reduced.

4. In the alternative, where each column is the same type of cell, the rows of cells can be connected closely, even near zero distance, without concern for leakage or breakdown problems, because there is no potential difference. At the moment, the battery assembly can more effectively utilize the light receiving area of the assembly, and the left end and the right end of the battery assembly are respectively provided with the leads, so that the assembly leads are simpler, and the foreseeable packaging cost is lower.

Drawings

FIG. 1: in the prior art, the N plane is a schematic diagram of a light receiving plane.

FIG. 2: in the prior art, the P-plane is a schematic diagram of the light receiving surface.

FIG. 3: the N-plane in the tiling technique is a schematic diagram of the light-receiving plane.

FIG. 4: the P surface in the tiling technology is a schematic diagram of the light receiving surface.

FIG. 5: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a battery unit which receives light and generates electricity on one surface.

FIG. 6: the invention discloses a battery unit schematic diagram with double faces receiving light and generating power.

FIG. 7: even-numbered rows and the vertical N faces and the vertical P faces are alternately arranged.

FIG. 8: odd-numbered rows and the vertical N faces and the P faces are alternately arranged.

FIG. 9: the battery unit combination series schematic diagrams in fig. 7 and 8.

FIG. 10: the battery unit combination in fig. 7 and 8 is schematically connected in parallel.

FIG. 11: the even rows and the longitudinal direction are both schematic diagrams of N faces or P faces.

FIG. 12: the odd rows and the longitudinal direction are both schematic diagrams of N faces or P faces.

FIG. 13: the battery cell combination in fig. 11 is schematically connected in parallel.

FIG. 14: the battery cell combination in fig. 12 is schematically connected in parallel.

FIG. 15: fig. 13 or fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a module formed by combining a plurality of battery units.

FIG. 16: fig. 15 is a schematic view of a battery pack constructed by the modules.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

The photovoltaic module can be a single-sided module with a single light receiving surface and a double-sided module with a double light receiving surface. When the photovoltaic module is a single-sided module, the front side of the photovoltaic module receives light to generate a photovoltaic effect, the back side of the photovoltaic module is generally opaque or weakly transparent, and one battery unit can be a P-side battery unit for receiving light from the P side and generating power or an N-side battery unit for receiving light from the N side and generating power. When the photovoltaic module is a double-sided module, the front side and the back side of the photovoltaic module can receive illumination to generate a photovoltaic effect, namely, one battery unit is a P-side battery unit and an N-side battery unit at the same time, namely, the P-side and the N-side are subjected to light and electricity generation. In the invention, the N-plane battery units and the P-plane battery units are transversely and tightly arranged on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module in an alternating manner and are connected in series by using a conductive material.

The battery unit thickness scope is 50um ~500um, and the battery unit can have different specification and shape, for example can adopt square, rectangle, trapezoidal, triangle-shaped, fillet square, fillet rectangle etc.. The battery cells may also have different sizes, for example, when the P-side battery cell and the N-side battery cell are combined, they may be the same size or different sizes. For convenience of illustration, the battery cells in the drawings of the present invention are each represented by a rectangle.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the cell assembly receives light on one side, the N-sided cells 101 and the P-sided cells 102 are closely and alternately arranged, the light receiving surfaces of the N-sided cells and the P-sided cells are the same side of the photovoltaic module, and the photo-generated current flows in from the N-side and flows out from the P-side. The N-side battery unit and the P-side battery unit are connected by adopting a conductive material 201, the conductive material 201 can adopt a welding strip, a bonding adhesive tape, paste, electronic ink and the like, and the connection structure can be in the form of edge connection of the battery units or multi-main-grid connection penetrating through the surface of the battery and the like. The adjacent conductive materials 201 are respectively located at both sides of the battery cell, i.e., alternately located at the front and rear sides of the battery cell.

Fig. 6 is similar to fig. 5, and the main difference is that the battery unit is the battery unit 103 which receives light and generates electricity on both sides of the P-side and the N-side, and the structure is favorable for improving the utilization efficiency of the battery.

The battery pack according to the present invention is formed by combining N-side battery cells 101 and P-side battery cells 102 in a plurality of rows in the horizontal direction and a plurality of columns in the vertical direction, or P-side and N-side double-sided light-receiving and power-generating battery cells 103 in different arrangements. One or more rows of battery units are connected in series by conductive materials to form a group of battery unit combination, and in the same group of battery unit combination, the adjacent conductive materials are alternately arranged on the front side and the back side of the battery units. Various arrangements are described in detail below.

(1) The photovoltaic modules shown in fig. 7 and 8 are each composed of 2m (m is a natural number) rows of cells, where the photovoltaic module in fig. 7 includes 2n (n is a natural number) columns of cells, and the photovoltaic module in fig. 8 includes 2n +1 columns of cells. As can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the cells in the odd rows are arranged in a manner of N-P-N-P …, and the cells in the even rows are arranged in a manner of P-N-P-N …, i.e., the cells in each column in the vertical direction have alternating N-planes and P-planes. In the photovoltaic module, two adjacent rows of battery units are connected in series to form a group of battery unit combination. For example, row 1 and row 2 battery cells are grouped, row 3 and row 4 battery cells are grouped, and so on, and row 2m battery cells are grouped into m groups. The adjacent battery units in each row are closely arranged. In the same group of battery cell combination, two rows of battery cells are connected in series by means of the conductive material 201, and the adjacent conductive materials 201 are alternately positioned on both sides of the battery cells, namely, the front side (indicated by solid lines) and the back side (indicated by dotted lines). The potential difference is formed between two adjacent battery units in each column in the longitudinal direction, and the potential difference is larger as the battery units are closer to the current leading-out end of the assembly, so in order to prevent electric leakage or breakdown between the adjacent battery unit combinations, each row of battery units needs to be kept at a certain distance or certain insulation measures need to be taken, for example, a gap of 0-2 mm can be reserved between the two adjacent groups of battery unit combinations, or during lamination packaging, an insulating material is pressed into a gap between two rows of battery units to play an insulating role.

For the current generated by the photovoltaic module, the current can be collected by the bus bar 301 for power output. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the positive output and the negative output of the current generated by each battery unit combination are both located at the same end (left end) of the photovoltaic module, and the external output power between each battery unit combination can be in a series connection mode or a parallel connection mode. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram (K +1< m) showing the K-th cell combination and the K + 1-th cell combination connected in series, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram (K +1< m) showing the K-th cell combination and the K + 1-th cell combination connected in series, and the positive output and the negative output in fig. 9 and 10 are both at the left end of the photovoltaic module.

The above-described battery cell assembly shown in fig. 7 to 10 includes two rows of battery cells, and may actually include three, four, five, six, and so on rows of battery cells.

(2) The photovoltaic modules shown in fig. 11 and 12 are each composed of m rows of cells, wherein the photovoltaic module in fig. 11 includes 2n columns of cells, and the photovoltaic module in fig. 12 includes 2n +1 columns of cells. In fig. 11 and 12, the battery cells in each row are connected in series to form a group of battery cell combinations, m groups of battery cells are shared by m rows of battery cells, the positive output and the negative output of the current generated by each battery cell combination are located at two ends of the photovoltaic module, and the external output power between each battery cell combination can adopt the parallel connection mode shown in fig. 13 or fig. 14. Since there is no potential difference between each column of cells in fig. 11-14, the rows of cells can be connected closely, even at approximately zero distance, without concern for leakage or breakdown problems. As for other features of fig. 11-14, they are substantially similar to those of fig. 7-10 and will not be described again here.

In order to increase the output voltage of the module, other connection methods may be extended in addition to the parallel connection method of fig. 13 and 14. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the combination of several parallel battery cells shown in fig. 13 or 14 is regarded as a module shown in fig. 15, and the left end of the module is a positive output and the right end thereof is a negative output. And then connecting a plurality of modules in series by using conductive materials to form the battery assembly shown in the figure 16, namely, one end of the module 1 is used as a positive electrode output, and the other end of the module 3 is used as a negative electrode output. The optional technical scheme can achieve the purposes of improving the output voltage of the component and reducing the internal ohmic loss. Due to the existence of potential difference between adjacent modules, in order to prevent leakage or breakdown, a certain distance needs to be kept between the adjacent modules or a certain insulation measure needs to be taken, for example, a gap of 0-2 mm is reserved between the adjacent modules, or an insulation material is pressed into a gap between the modules to play an insulation role during lamination packaging.

In the invention, the adjacent N-plane battery units and the adjacent P-plane battery units are closely arranged on the light receiving surface, and the N-plane and the P-plane which receive light and generate electricity are directly connected by using the conductive material, so that the aim of serially connecting the battery units can be achieved. Compared with the conventional photovoltaic module, the problem of wasting the power generation area of the battery unit due to overlapping of the battery unit is solved, and the problem of hidden cracking of the battery unit due to stress concentration of an overlapping area is avoided. Meanwhile, the number of the conductive strips is reduced or eliminated, so that the material cost is saved, the packaging difficulty of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the yield can be improved, and the service life of the module is prolonged. According to actual needs, the connection of adjacent battery units can be made by selecting conductive adhesive or solder strips, so that the battery units have better compatibility. In addition, because the battery units are closely arranged and are flatly laid on a plane, the laying of the battery units is very simple and reliable, the requirement on automation equipment is low, the operability is good, and the cost is reduced.

In the alternative shown in fig. 11-14, there is no potential difference between each column of cells in the vertical direction, so that rows of cells can be connected closely, even at approximately zero distance, without fear of leakage or breakdown problems. At the moment, the battery assembly can more effectively utilize the light receiving area of the assembly, and the left end and the right end of the battery assembly are respectively provided with the leads, so that the assembly leads are simpler, and the foreseeable packaging cost is lower.

It should be noted that the photovoltaic module according to the present invention is particularly suitable for the heterojunction silicon-based solar cell, and since the heterojunction silicon-based solar cell has a front and back completely symmetrical structure and the power generation characteristics of both sides receiving light are substantially consistent, the power generation capability of both the front and back sides can be fully embodied.

In addition, the cells of the photovoltaic module can be connected over their entire surface, in addition to the row-wise connection according to the invention described above. Namely, the front side series connection of all the batteries is firstly completed, then the back side series connection of all the batteries is completed, and finally the power is output outwards. Similarly, the present invention may also adopt other connection modes to realize current and voltage distribution among the battery units of each group, so as to realize better component performance.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is not to be limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.