阅读说明：本技术 用于对电力负载供电的变流器系统 (Converter system for supplying an electrical load ) 是由 S·巴拉 A·卡达菲鲁谷 于 2017-04-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种变流器系统包括用于输入AC功率信号的每一相的DC母线；每一相的第一开关单元,包括在DC母线两端串联耦合的第一两个有源开关并在第一两个有源开关之间形成第一开关单元AC电极,该第一开关单元AC电极被耦合到相应的相；以及每一相的第二开关单元,包括在DC母线两端串联耦合的第二两个有源开关并在第二两个有源开关之间形成第二开关单元AC电极,这些第二开关单元AC电极彼此耦合以形成飞中性线。第一开关单元和第二开关单元中的一个开关单元以大于线路频率至少一个数量级的频率进行开关。第一开关单元和第二开关单元中的另一个开关单元以近似等于线路频率的频率进行开关。(A converter system includes a DC bus for each phase of an input AC power signal; a first switching unit for each phase comprising a first two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a first switching unit AC pole therebetween, the first switching unit AC pole being coupled to the respective phase; and a second switching unit for each phase comprising a second two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a second switching unit AC pole between the second two active switches, the second switching unit AC poles being coupled to each other to form a flying neutral. One of the first and second switching units is switched at a frequency that is at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency. The other of the first and second switching units is switched at a frequency approximately equal to the line frequency.)

1. A converter system for converting a multi-phase AC power signal having one or more phases at a line frequency from an AC power source to a DC power signal to power a load, the converter system comprising:

a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal;

a first switching unit for each phase of the AC power signal, each first switching unit comprising a first two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a first switching unit AC pole therebetween, the first switching unit AC pole being coupled to a respective phase of the AC power source; and

second switching cells for each phase of the AC power signal, each second switching cell including a second two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a second switching cell AC pole between the second two active switches, wherein the second switching cell AC poles are coupled to each other to form a fly-neutral,

wherein one of the first and second switching units is operable to switch at a first frequency at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency to convert AC to DC; and

wherein the other of the first and second switching units is operable to switch at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency to convert AC to DC.

2. The current transformer system of claim 1, wherein the first frequency is within or beyond the range of 20kHz to 200 kHz.

3. The converter system of claim 1, wherein the first two active switches and/or the second two active switches are gallium nitride (GaN) devices.

4. The converter system of claim 1, further comprising:

a transformer for each phase;

a third switching unit for each phase of the AC power signal, each third switching unit including a third two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a third switching unit AC electrode therebetween, wherein the third switching unit AC electrode is coupled to the transformer for each phase; and wherein the third switching unit is operable to switch to convert DC to AC at a third frequency that is at least three orders of magnitude greater than the line frequency; and

a rectifier operable to rectify AC to DC for each phase.

5. The converter system of claim 4, wherein the third frequency is in or beyond the range of 100kHz to 1 MHz.

6. The converter system of claim 1, further comprising a filter neutral coupled to each phase of the AC power source via a capacitor.

7. The converter system of claim 6, wherein for each phase, two inductors are coupled in series between the first switching cell AC pole and the AC power source; and the capacitor is coupled between the two inductors.

8. The current transformer system of claim 6, wherein the flying neutral is coupled to the filter neutral.

9. The current transformer system of claim 1, further comprising a chassis ground, wherein the flying neutral is coupled to the chassis ground.

10. The converter system of claim 1, wherein the second switching cell AC poles are directly coupled to each other to form the flying neutral without any intervening inductors or capacitors.

11. The converter system of claim 1, further comprising: a decoupling capacitor directly coupled across the first two active switches and operable to filter out high frequency signals; and a large capacity DC link capacitor coupled across the DC bus and operable to limit voltage ripple across the DC bus.

12. A converter system for converting a multi-phase AC power signal having one or more phases at a line frequency from an AC power source to a desired power signal to power a load, the converter system comprising:

a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal;

a first at least two switching units, each of the first at least two switching units comprising: a first at least two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus; a first AC electrode formed between the first at least two active switches; a decoupling capacitor coupled directly across the first at least two active switches coupled in series; and an inductor coupled between the first AC electrode for each phase and the AC power source; and

a second at least two switching units, each of the second at least two switching units comprising: a second at least two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus; and a second AC electrode formed between the second at least two active switches, wherein the second AC electrodes for each of the second at least two switching cells are coupled together and form a flying neutral line,

wherein the first at least two switching units are operable to switch at a first frequency at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency to convert AC to DC; and

wherein the second at least two switching units are operable to switch at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency to convert AC to DC.

13. The converter system of claim 12 further comprising a converter stage coupled to the DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal and operable to convert DC to AC.

14. The converter system of claim 13, said converter stage being a half-bridge converter.

15. The converter system of claim 13, the converter stage being a full bridge converter.

16. The converter system of claim 13, wherein said converter stage comprises AC output terminals; and wherein the converter stage comprises a capacitor in series with an inductor on the AC output terminals.

17. The converter system of claim 13, said converter stage being a parallel resonant converter.

18. The converter system of claim 12, further comprising a single phase transformer and a single phase rectifier for each phase.

19. The converter system of claim 12, wherein the one or more phases are three phases, the converter system further comprising three (3) single-phase transformers in a wye connection or a delta connection, and a three-phase rectifier coupled to the transformers.

20. The converter system of claim 12, wherein the load is an electric motor.

21. A converter system for converting a three-phase AC power signal from an AC power source to a desired power signal to power a load, the converter system comprising:

a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal;

means for converting AC to DC at a first frequency at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency; and

means for converting AC to DC at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency.

Technical Field

The present application relates generally to power systems and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a converter system for powering an electrical load.

Background

Various types of converter systems, such as unity power factor converter systems, are still an area of interest. Some existing systems have various shortcomings, drawbacks, and disadvantages relative to certain applications. For example, in some converter systems, the switching speed may not be fast enough to achieve the desired size and weight goals. Therefore, there remains a need for further contributions in this area of technology.

Disclosure of Invention

One embodiment of the present invention is a unique converter system. Another embodiment is a unique converter system. Another embodiment is a unique converter system. Other embodiments include apparatus, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and converter combinations for a converter system. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and drawings provided herein.

Drawings

The description herein makes reference to the following drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

fig. 1 schematically shows a planning diagram of some aspects of a non-limiting example of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 schematically shows some aspects of a non-limiting example of an alternating current high frequency switching cell according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 10 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 11 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a DC/AC conversion stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 12 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 13 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 14 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 15 schematically illustrates some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage of a converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

Referring to fig. 1, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a converter system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. The converter system 10 is an isolated three-phase converter system. In one form, the converter system 10 is an electric vehicle charger or other power source. In other embodiments, the converter system 10 may be in other forms. For example, the converter system 10 may be configured to power an electric motor, such as a three-phase electric motor. In some embodiments, the converter system 10 provides power factor correction, such as unity power factor at the output. In one form, the input voltage is nominally 380/480 line-line/rms VAC. In other embodiments, other input values may be employed. In one form, a nominal 50-1000VDC is output. In other embodiments, the output voltage may vary according to the needs of the application. In one form, the output power is in the range of 10kW to 50 kW. In other embodiments, the output power may vary according to the needs of the application.

The converter system 10 is coupled to a three-phase AC (alternating current) power source 12 having phases U1, U2, U3 at a line frequency of, for example, 50Hz or 60 Hz. The converter system 10 includes a DC (direct current) bus D1, D2, D3 for each respective phase U1, U2, U3. Each DC bus has a positive rail D1+, D2+, D3+, and a negative rail D1-, D2-, D3-. The converter system 10 includes a high frequency switching unit 14, a low frequency switching unit 16 for each phase U1, U2, U3 of the AC power source 12, wherein each switching unit is configured to convert AC to DC, and a conversion stage 180 configured to convert DC to AC. In other embodiments, the number of converter cells and stages may vary according to the needs of the application. The converter system 10 includes a load stage 20 that in some embodiments converts the AC output of the converter stage 18 to DC for powering a DC load, while in other embodiments the load stage powers an AC load.

The high frequency unit 14 comprises at least two high frequency active switches 22, the two high frequency active switches 22 being coupled in series across DC busses D1, D2, D3, the busses forming AC electrodes 24 between the high frequency active switches 22. The term "active" means that the switches are controlled switches, e.g. controlled by a gate drive signal, rather than passive switches, e.g. only diodes. In order to reduce the size of the input filter (particularly the magnetic-inductors and transformers) in the converter system 10, it is desirable to use transistors that can switch at high frequencies. GaN (gallium nitride) transistors can be switched at >3 times the frequency of equivalent Si (silicon) transistors, in particular IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors), which are the most commonly used devices at the proposed power levels (e.g. 10kW or more). However, GaN devices are typically rated at 650V or less, which may not be sufficient for conventional bridge circuits with three-phase AC inputs of 380V or higher. Another consideration is that GaN devices switch very quickly and it is important to have a short power loop, which is easier to implement than a short power loop with multi-level switching cells. Thus, in one form, the high frequency active switch 22 is a GaN device. In other embodiments, the high frequency active switch 22 may be formed of or from other materials, such as SiC (silicon carbide). In one form the high frequency active switch 22 is a gan nmosfet. In other embodiments, the high frequency active switch 22 may take other forms, such as a GaN HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) or an IGBT. In some embodiments, the high frequency active switch 22 may be a SiC MOSFET (silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor). The high frequency active switch 22 is operable to switch at a frequency at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency to convert AC to DC. In one form, the high frequency active switch 22 is operable to switch at a frequency in the range of 20kHz to 200kHz, and in some embodiments greater than 200kHz or less than 20 kHz.

A decoupling capacitor 26 is coupled directly across the active switch 22. The decoupling capacitor 26 is operable to filter out high frequency signals. The decoupling capacitor 26 is not coupled across the DC busses D1, D2, D3 but is directly coupled across the active switch 22 itself to limit the length of the loop formed by the two high frequency active switches and the decoupling capacitor. For each phase, a bulk DC link capacitor 28 is coupled across the DC busses D1, D2, D3 to limit the overall voltage ripple on the DC links D1, D2, D3. The energy storage requirements of the decoupling capacitor 26 are typically small compared to the bulk DC link capacitor 28.

The AC pole 24 of each switching cell 14 is coupled to a respective phase U1, U2, U3 of the AC power source 12. In one form, an inductor 30 is coupled to each AC electrode 24. Each phase leg U1, U2, U3 is coupled to an inductor 32. For each phase U1, U2, U3, inductors 30 and 32 are coupled to each other. For each phase, a capacitor 34 is coupled to the midpoint of inductors 30 and 32 at one end, and a neutral filter 36 is formed at the other end. A neutral filter 36 is coupled to the capacitor 34 of each phase.

Referring to fig. 2, in another embodiment, the high frequency switching unit may take the form of an interleaved switching unit 14A. The interleaved switching cell 14A has (4) high frequency active switches 22 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3. The AC electrodes 24 are coupled to an inductor 30, which are commonly coupled to a common AC electrode 24A. The common AC electrode 24 is coupled to each phase U1, U2, U3 via an inductor 32. In another embodiment, the inductor 30 may be coupled in reverse.

Referring again to fig. 1, the low frequency unit 16 includes at least two low frequency active switches 38, the two low frequency active switches 38 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, forming AC poles 40 between the low frequency active switches 38. The AC electrodes 40 of each phase U1, U2, U3 are coupled together to form a flying neutral 42. In some embodiments, the flying neutral 42 may be coupled to the filter neutral 36, for example, as shown by dashed line N1. In some embodiments, the flying neutral 42 may also or alternatively be coupled to a chassis ground 44, e.g., the chassis of the current transformer system 10, e.g., as shown by dashed line N2.

In one form, the low frequency active switch 38 is a Si MOSFET. In other embodiments, the low frequency active switch 38 may take other forms, for example, a Si HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) or an IGBT. The low frequency active switch 38 is operable to switch at or near the line frequency, e.g., 50Hz or 60Hz, converting AC to DC.

Referring to fig. 3, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a converter system 10A according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. The converter system 10A is similar to the converter system 10 described above and shown in fig. 1, except that the connections between the high frequency unit 14 and the low frequency unit 16 are reversed. In the embodiment of fig. 3, the AC electrodes 24 of the high frequency unit 14 of each phase U1, U2, U3 are coupled to each other via an inductor 30 to form a flying neutral 42A. In some embodiments, the flying neutral line 42A may be coupled to the filter neutral line 36, for example, as shown by the dashed line N1. In some embodiments, the flying neutral 42A may also or alternatively be coupled to a chassis ground 44, e.g., the chassis of the current transformer system 10, e.g., as shown by dashed line N2.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the conversion stage 18 converts the DC output at each DC bus D1, D2, D3 to AC. In one form, a single transform stage 18 is employed for each phase U1, U2, U3. In other embodiments, multiple transform stages may be employed for each phase U1, U2, U3. In some embodiments, the output of each conversion stage may be used to feed a respective load, or to provide an isolated input for a multiple-input load, e.g., depending on the embodiment. Each conversion stage has two (2) DC terminals 46, 48 as inputs (DC inputs) and two (2) AC terminals 50, 52 as outputs (AC outputs). Terminal 46 corresponds to the positive DC rail D1+, D2+, D3+ of DC busses D1, D2, D3; and terminal 48 corresponds to the negative DC rail D1-, D2-, D3-of the DC bus D1, D2, D3. Each conversion stage 18 includes a high frequency switching cell 54 having at least two active switches 56 (fig. 4-11), the high frequency switching cell 54 being coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, e.g., at the terminals 46, 48. In various embodiments, the active switch may be a GaN device or a SiC device, such as a MOSFET, HEMT, or IGBT.

The AC output of the inverter stage 18 has high frequency components because the active switching of the inverter stage 18 performs switching at high frequency. In one form, the switching frequency of the active switches 56 in the conversion stage 18 is at least three orders of magnitude greater than the line frequency, even though lower frequencies may be employed in some examples. In some embodiments, the switching frequency may be in the range of 100kHz to 1 MHz. In other embodiments, the switching frequency of the active switches 56 in the conversion stage 18 may exceed 1MHz, or be less than 100 kHz. Some potential various alternative embodiments of the transform stage 18 (referred to as converter stages 18A-18H) will be described below.

Referring to fig. 4, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18A according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 4, the converter stage 18A is in the form of a half bridge. For example, the transform stage 18A may be used in a single active bridge configuration or a dual active bridge configuration. The conversion stage 18A includes an active switch 56, the active switch 56 being coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming an AC pole 58 between the active switches 56, which pole is coupled to the AC terminal 52. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. Capacitors 62 are coupled in parallel to switch 56, forming AC electrodes 64 between capacitors 62. The AC electrode 64 is coupled to the AC terminal 50.

Referring to fig. 5, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18B according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 5, the conversion stage 18B is in the form of a full bridge. For example, the transform stage 18B may be used in a single active bridge configuration or a dual active bridge configuration. The conversion stage 18B includes two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming AC electrodes 58 and 64 between the two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56, the AC electrodes 58 and 64 being coupled to respective AC terminals 52 and 50. A decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across the switch 56.

Referring to fig. 6, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18C according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 6, the converter stage 18C is in the form of a half bridge + LC (inductor, capacitor) (connected to a terminal, e.g. LC connected to the DC terminal 48). For example, the converter 18C may be used for an LLC converter. The conversion stage 18C includes an active switch 56, the active switch 56 being coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming an AC pole 58 between the active switch 56, the AC pole 58 being coupled to the AC terminal 52. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. A capacitor 66 and an inductor 68 are coupled in series between the DC terminal 48 and the AC terminal 50. In some embodiments, the capacitor 66 and the inductor 68 may alternatively be coupled in series between the AC electrode 58 and the AC terminal 52.

Referring to fig. 7, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18D according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically shown. In the embodiment of fig. 7, the conversion stage 18D is in the form of a half bridge + LC (connected to a midpoint, e.g., LC connected to AC electrode 64). For example, the converter stage 18D may be used for an LLC converter. The conversion stage 18D includes active switches 56 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming AC poles 58 between the active switches 56. The AC electrode 58 is coupled to the AC terminal 52. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. Capacitors 62 are coupled in parallel to switch 56, forming AC electrodes 64 between capacitors 62. The AC electrode 64 is coupled to the AC terminal 50 via a capacitor 66 and an inductor 68 coupled in series. In some embodiments, the capacitor 66 and the inductor 68 may alternatively be coupled in series between the AC electrode 58 and the AC terminal 52.

Referring to fig. 8, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18E according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 8, the converter stage 18E is in the form of a full bridge + LC and may be used, for example, in an LLC converter. The conversion stage 18E includes two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming AC electrodes 58 and 64 between the two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. The AC electrode 58 is coupled to the AC terminal 52. The AC electrode 64 is coupled to the AC terminal 50 via a capacitor 66 and an inductor 68 coupled in series. In some embodiments, the capacitor 66 and the inductor 68 may alternatively be coupled in series between the AC electrode 58 and the AC terminal 52.

Referring to fig. 9, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18F according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically shown. In the embodiment of fig. 9, the conversion stage 18F is in the form of a half bridge + parallel resonant LC (connected to a terminal, e.g., capacitor 72 connected to DC terminal 48). For example, the converter stage 18F may be used for a parallel resonant converter. The conversion stage 18F includes active switches 56 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming AC poles 58 between the active switches 56. The AC electrode 58 is coupled to the AC terminal 52 through an inductor 70. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. Capacitor 72 is coupled across AC terminals 50, 52.

Referring to fig. 10, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18G according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 10, the conversion stage 18G is in the form of a half bridge + parallel resonant LC (connected to a midpoint, e.g., capacitor 72 connected to AC terminal 64). For example, the converter stage 18G may be used for a parallel resonant converter. The conversion stage 18G includes an active switch 56, the active switch 56 being coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming an AC pole 58 between the active switches 5. The AC electrode 58 is coupled to the AC terminal 52 via an inductor 70. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. Capacitors 62 are coupled in parallel to switch 56, forming AC electrodes 64 between capacitors 62. AC electrode 64 is coupled to terminal 50. The capacitor 70 is coupled across the AC terminals 50, 52.

Referring to fig. 11, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a transform stage 18H according to an embodiment of the present invention are schematically shown. In the embodiment of fig. 11, the conversion stage 18H is in the form of a full bridge + parallel resonance LC. For example, the converter stage 18H may be used for a parallel resonant converter. The conversion stage 18H includes two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56 coupled in series across the DC busses D1, D2, D3, i.e., at the DC terminals 46, 48, forming AC electrodes 58 and 64 between the two (2) parallel pairs of active switches 56. Decoupling capacitor 60 is coupled directly across switch 56. The AC electrode 58 is coupled to the AC terminal 52 via an inductor 70. The AC electrode 64 is coupled to the AC terminal 50. Capacitor 72 is coupled across AC terminals 50, 52.

Referring again to fig. 1, the load stage 20 receives as input the AC power output by each converter stage 18 (i.e., from the AC terminals 50, 52 of each phase U1, U2, U3). The load stage 20 comprises AC terminals 76, 78 of the AC output, the AC terminals 76, 78 being coupled to respective AC terminals 50, 52 of the converter stage 18. Depending on the embodiment, the load stage 20 may be operable to convert AC output by the conversion stage 18 to DC to power a DC load, for example, to charge an electric vehicle battery or to power other DC loads, or to provide AC power to an AC load (such as an electric motor or other electric machine). Some potential various alternative embodiments of load stages 20 (hereinafter load stages 20A-20D) will be described below.

Referring to fig. 12, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage 20A according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 12, the load stage 20A is in the form of three (3) single-phase transformers 80, one single-phase transformer 80 for each phase U1, U2, U3; and three single-phase rectifiers 82, each single-phase rectifier 82 coupled to each transformer 80 wherein the rectifiers 82 rectify the AC of each phase U1, U2, U3 to DC. For example, the load stage 20A may be used in or in conjunction with a single active bridge, parallel resonant, or LLC converter (e.g., the converter stage 18). The output of the rectifier 82 is provided to an output DC bus 84, which DC bus 84 supplies a DC load 86 via DC terminals 88, 90. A DC link capacitor 92 is coupled across the DC bus 84 to limit voltage ripple in the DC bus 84. In one form, the DC load 86 is an electric vehicle, i.e., an electric vehicle battery. In other embodiments, the DC load 86 may be any DC load.

Referring to fig. 13, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage 20B according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 13, the load stage 20B is in the form of three (3) single-phase transformers 80 wye-connected, one single-phase transformer 80 for each phase U1, U2, U3; and a three-phase rectifier 94, the three-phase rectifier 94 being coupled to the transformer 80. For example, the load stage 20B may be used in or in conjunction with a single active bridge, parallel resonant, or LLC converter (e.g., the converter stage 18). The output of the rectifier 94 is provided to the output DC bus 84, which DC bus 84 supplies the DC loads 86 via the DC terminals 88, 90. A DC link capacitor 92 is coupled across the DC bus 84 to limit voltage ripple in the DC bus 84.

Referring to fig. 14, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage 20C according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 14, the load stage 20C is in the form of three (3) single-phase transformers 80 connected in delta, one single-phase transformer 80 for each phase U1, U2, U3; and a three-phase rectifier 94, the three-phase rectifier 94 being coupled to the transformer 80. For example, the load stage 20C may be used in or in conjunction with a single active bridge, parallel resonant, or LLC converter (e.g., the converter stage 18). The output of the rectifier 94 is provided to the output DC bus 84, which DC bus 84 supplies the DC loads 86 via the DC terminals 88, 90. A DC link capacitor 92 is coupled across the DC bus 84 to limit voltage ripple in the DC bus 84.

In each of fig. 12, 13 and 14, the diodes in the rectifier may be replaced by active switches (e.g., MOSFETs or IGBTs). In some embodiments, an inductor may be located between each bridge 94 (or 82) and the capacitor 92.

Referring to fig. 15, some aspects of a non-limiting example of a load stage 20D according to an embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated. In the embodiment of fig. 15, the load is a motor, such as a three-phase motor 96 having groups of three (3) windings 98. Each group of windings 98 is coupled to an AC terminal 76, 78(AC output #1, AC output #2, AC output #3) of one of the phases U1, U2, U3. In other embodiments, the load may be another type of three-phase electrical load.

An embodiment of the invention includes a converter system for converting a multi-phase AC power signal having one or more phases at a line frequency from an AC power source to a DC power signal to power a load, the converter system comprising: a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal; a first switching unit for each phase of the AC power signal, each first switching unit comprising a first two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a first switching unit AC pole therebetween, the first switching unit AC pole being coupled to a respective phase of the AC power source; and a second switching unit for each phase of the AC power signal, each second switching unit comprising a second two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a second switching unit AC pole between the second two active switches, wherein the second switching unit AC poles are coupled to each other to form a flying neutral, wherein one of the first and second switching units is operable to switch at a first frequency that is at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency to convert AC to DC; and wherein the other of the first and second switching units is for switching at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency to convert AC to DC.

In a refinement, the first frequency is in or beyond the range of 20kHz to 200 kHz.

In another refinement, the first two active switches and/or the second two active switches are gallium nitride (GaN) devices.

In a further refinement, the converter system further comprises a transformer for each phase; a third switching unit for each phase of the AC power signal, each third switching unit including a third two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus and forming a third switching unit AC pole therebetween, wherein the third switching unit AC pole is coupled to the transformer for each phase; and wherein the third switching unit is operable to switch to convert DC to AC at a third frequency that is at least three orders of magnitude greater than the line frequency; and the rectifier is operable to rectify the AC to DC for each phase.

In yet another refinement, the third frequency is in or beyond the range of 100kHz to 1 MHz.

In a further refinement, the converter system further comprises a filter neutral coupled to each phase of the AC power source via a capacitor.

In a further refinement, for each phase, two inductors are coupled in series between the first switching cell AC pole and the AC power source; and a capacitor is coupled between the two inductors.

In yet another refinement, the flying neutral is coupled to a neutral filter.

In a further refinement, the converter system further comprises a chassis ground, wherein the flying neutral is coupled to the chassis ground.

In yet another refinement, the second switching unit AC electrodes are directly coupled to each other to form a flying neutral without any intervening inductor or capacitor.

In yet another refinement, the current transformer system further comprises a decoupling capacitor directly coupled across the first two active switches and operable to filter out high frequency signals; and a bulk DC link capacitor coupled across the DC bus and operable to limit voltage ripple across the DC bus.

An embodiment of the invention includes a converter system for converting a multi-phase AC power signal having one or more phases at a line frequency from an AC power source to a desired power signal for powering a load, the converter system comprising: a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal; a first at least two switching cells, each of the first at least two switching cells comprising a first at least two active switches coupled in series across a DC bus; a first AC electrode formed between the first at least two active switches; a decoupling capacitor directly coupled across a first at least two active switches coupled in series; and an inductor coupled between the first AC electrode of each phase and the AC power source; and a second at least two switching cells, each of the second at least two switching cells comprising a second at least two active switches coupled in series across the DC bus; and a second AC pole formed between the second at least two active switches, wherein the second AC poles of each of the second at least two switching cells are coupled together and form a flying neutral, wherein the first at least two switching cells are operable to switch at a first frequency that is at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency to convert AC to DC; and wherein the second at least two switching units are operable to switch at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency to convert AC to DC.

In one refinement, the converter system further comprises a conversion stage coupled to the DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal and operable to convert DC to AC.

In a further refinement, the converter stage is a half-bridge converter.

In a further refinement, the converter stage is a full-bridge converter.

In yet another refinement, the conversion stage comprises an AC output terminal; and wherein the converter stage comprises a capacitor in series with an inductor at the AC output terminal.

In a further refinement, the converter stage is a parallel resonant converter.

In a further refinement, the converter system further comprises a single-phase transformer and a single-phase rectifier for each phase.

In yet another refinement, the one or more phases are three phases, which further includes three (3) single-phase transformers in a wye connection or delta connection, and a three-phase rectifier coupled to the transformers.

In a further refinement, the load is an electric motor.

An embodiment of the present invention includes a converter system for converting a three-phase AC power signal from an AC power source to a desired power signal to power a load, the converter system comprising: a DC bus for each phase of the AC power signal; means for converting AC to DC at a first frequency at least one order of magnitude greater than the line frequency; and means for converting the AC to DC at a second frequency approximately equal to the line frequency.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. It should be understood that the use of words such as preferred, preferably or more preferred in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be preferred, but not essential, and that embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the application, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is noted that when words such as "a," "an," "at least one," or "at least a portion" are used, it is not intended that the claims be limited to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claims. When the term "at least a portion" and/or "a portion" is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless clearly indicated to the contrary.

Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "supported," and "coupled" and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, "connected" and "coupled" are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.