Lighting control
阅读说明:本技术 照明控制 (Lighting control ) 是由 B.F.乔森 M.M.胡尔特曼斯 E.D.登哈尔托格 于 2018-05-22 设计创作,主要内容包括:一种控制至少一个光源以阻止包括多个观众区域的观众活动处的不想要行为的方法,该方法包括:基于从观众活动处的传感器接收的传感器输入,检测在第一个观众区域内表现出不想要行为的至少一个观众;确定第一观众区域的位置;将第二个观众区域标识为不想要行为的目标,并确定第二观众区域的位置;以及基于所确定的位置控制至少一个光源,以沿着第一和第二观众区域之间的至少一条视线增加眩光量,并且从而阻止观众看向第二观众区域,以阻止不想要的行为。(A method of controlling at least one light source to prevent unwanted behavior at an audience activity comprising a plurality of audience areas, the method comprising: detecting at least one viewer exhibiting an undesirable behavior within the first viewer zone based on sensor input received from a sensor at the viewer activity; determining a location of a first audience area; identifying a second audience area as a target for the unwanted activity and determining a location of the second audience area; and controlling the at least one light source based on the determined position to increase the amount of glare along at least one line of sight between the first and second audience areas and thereby prevent the audience from looking into the second audience area to prevent unwanted behavior.)
1. A method of controlling at least one light source (110) to generate glare towards at least one spectator area in a sports stadium comprising a plurality of spectator areas (100), the method comprising:
receiving audio signals from sound transducers in the stadium,
analyzing, by a processor, the audio signal to identify a particular sound or pattern of sounds indicative of an unwanted behavior,
detecting, by the processor, that at least one viewer (450) is exhibiting unwanted behavior within a first viewer zone (100 a) based on the analysis;
determining, by a source localization module, a location of a first audience area (110 a);
identifying, by the processor, a second audience area (100 b) as a target of the unwanted behavior,
determining, by the processor, a line of sight between the first audience area (100 a) and the second audience area (100 b); and
controlling at least one light source (110 d) to increase the amount of glare along the determined line of sight, thereby preventing the at least one viewer (450) from looking towards the second viewer area (100 b) to prevent the unwanted behavior.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source comprises fixed optics for generating glare and the increasing the amount of glare comprises activating the at least one light source.
3. The method of any of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source comprises variable optics and the increasing the amount of glare comprises controlling optics of the at least one light source such that the amount of glare increases.
4. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one light source is controlled to increase said amount of glare along said line of sight from more than five deBoer ratings to five or less deBoer ratings.
5. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein increasing the amount of glare comprises increasing an amount of discomfort glare along the line of sight.
6. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein increasing the amount of glare comprises increasing an amount of handicapped glare along the line of sight.
7. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising: receiving sensor input from at least one photosensor and determining a background light level based on the sensor input; and wherein the at least one light source is controlled to increase the amount of glare based on the determined level of background light.
8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one light source is at least one spotlight.
9. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one light source is at least one pivotable light source; and the method further comprises pivoting a light source to illuminate the viewer.
10. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one light source is at least one movable light source; and the method further comprises moving a light source to illuminate the viewer.
11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one light source is selected from a plurality of light sources based on the determined position.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is controlled to change a direction of light emission based on the determined position.
13. A controller (204) of a lighting system comprising at least one light source (110), the at least one light source (110) for generating glare towards at least one spectator area in a stadium comprising a plurality of spectator areas (100), the controller comprising at least one processor and being configured to perform the method of any of the preceding claims.
14. A lighting control system for generating glare towards at least one audience area in a stadium comprising a plurality of audience areas (100), the lighting control system comprising: at least one light source (110); at least one sound transducer in the stadium; and a controller (204), the controller (204) configured to:
receiving audio signals from sound transducers in the stadium,
analyzing the audio signal to identify a particular sound or pattern of sounds indicative of the unwanted behavior,
detecting that at least one viewer (450) is exhibiting unwanted behavior within the first viewer zone (100 a) based on the analysis;
determining a location of the first audience area;
identifying a second audience area (100 b) as a target of the unwanted activity,
determining a line of sight between the first audience area (100 a) and the second audience area (100 b); and
controlling the at least one light source (110 d) to increase an amount of glare along the determined line of sight to prevent the at least one viewer (450) from looking at the second viewer area to prevent the unwanted behavior.
15. A computer program product comprising computer executable code embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer executable code configured to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 when executed by at least one processor.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to lighting control and in particular, but not exclusively, to lighting control that modifies behaviour in venues such as stadiums, arenas and the like.
Background
The gathering of spectators in a stadium, arena, concert hall, etc. creates an exciting atmosphere and generates large revenues through ticket sales, for example, in a football/soccer game where the supporters contribute to the overall experience. Their singing and cheering not only contributes to the atmosphere in the stadium/arena, but can even be experienced by remote viewers, such as those watching an event (live or after) on the screen at home or other public places.
Unfortunately, however, unwanted behavior may occur, such as an impolite shouting (charting) or an annoying nature. This not only has a negative impact on those who are offended, but also involves other supporters/audiences, organizers, clubs and venue owners. In the example of a soccer game, this undesirable crowd behavior may result in fines for the club involved, sanctions such as playing without supporters, damage to the reputation of the club or organizer, and loss of sponsorship. In extreme cases, such unwanted behavior can potentially lead to violence, and is therefore a safety and security concern.
Disclosure of Invention
As mentioned above, the behavior of a person participating in an activity may affect the atmosphere of the activity. Unfortunately, this is not always positive. That is, in some cases, fans/rogue who produce, for example, unwanted shouts, unwanted gestures, or other unwanted behavior can negatively affect the atmosphere. The present invention recognizes that these shouts/gestures, etc. may typically be directed to another person or group of people (e.g., a team) in the event. In particular, this behavior may cause problems during and/or after the game; it can seriously affect the appearance of the performer (e.g., one or more teams participating in a football game, a singer or band participating in a music concert, etc.); it can result in a fine; and possibly later upgraded off-site.
It would therefore be desirable to be able to detect such aggressive behavior among enthusiasts, so that the situation among them is unlikely to escalate.
Drawings
Preferred features of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a portion of a stadium employing a lighting control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a lighting control system;
FIG. 3 illustrates the use of spotlights when two parts of a stadium include fans of different teams;
FIG. 4 illustrates a possible scenario of a stadium stand;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 6 shows an exemplary viewing angle range for a viewer.
Detailed Description
When the audience exhibits poor behavior, the activity is compromised. For example, a football club is compromised when a rogue starts to sing. Often, only a few rogues may disrupt the atmosphere of many others. When a rogue starts with these unwanted shouts, in some cases other fans/rogues (e.g., of the opponent club) react when perceived as being detracted by other fans. Especially sports clubs can benefit from means to control the propagation effects of unwanted shouts/gestures. Fans/rogue who generate abusive shouting and unwanted gestures between the opposing support population may cause problems during and after races; it can seriously affect the image of the club, leading to high fines, and can be further upgraded outside the sporting arena. The present invention is intended to help influence the behavior of, for example, persons who produce such undesirable behavior such as foul shouting or gestures.
The described system uses real-time data to generate glare to create an unpleasant lighting sensation for people who exhibit unwanted behavior in public places.
The system comprises:
-a sound detection system capable of recognizing sounds and detecting/analyzing where a particular sound comes from;
smart sensors, such as cameras capable of detecting and focusing on a detected person;
a dynamic lighting system, which can use the output of third party data to act on.
Often, the unwanted shouting is from violent rashes sitting in a particular area in the stadium/arena. The lights may for example be placed above a "counter supporter area" located at the enthusiast part, attached to the ceiling of the stadium and/or arena above the seating area (see below, fig. 3).
When the shout fan(s) try to see in touch to see their effect on the fan from the opponent, the system will then cause discomfort to the shout fan(s) by illumination intensity and beam direction.
That is, the system purposefully produces glare based on the position of a first group of viewers exhibiting detected behavior, wherein the direction of the group of experienced glare is determined by the orientation of at least one other group of viewers. The lamp(s) used to produce glare and/or the direction of the light emitted by these lamps is controlled based on the position of the two-party audience exhibiting the unwanted behavior and the position of the other group(s) of audience at which the behavior is inferred to be directed.
Fig. 1 illustrates a section of a stadium that includes an
The
A particular area or portion of the stadium can be designated for monitoring. The zones to be monitored may be specific portions or levels of a stand, such as those illustrated. All of the audience areas of a stadium may be monitored, or only specified portions may be monitored, such as the patrons of a guest team or the presence of a home team and guest team patrons in a nearby area. In some cases, a particular seat number or row may be monitored. Each designated section preferably has its
Fig. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of a lighting control system comprising a
The
The voice recognition module analyzes the detected voice for certain auditory behaviors, such as an impolite shout. A particular word or phrase may be recognized by performing speech recognition, but recognition may be based on other different audio characteristics and patterns, such as intonation, pitch, grammar, and tempo.
Typically, the identification is performed using algorithms running on one or more processors using techniques known in the art such as statistical modeling, acoustic modeling, and language modeling. Reference or training data, such as keywords or phrases, or previously recorded unwanted shouts and other target sounds may be used and such data may be stored on a memory or
It will be appreciated that in general there will be a noisy environment in an environment such as a stadium or the ground, and there will be a mix of audio signals from multiple sources. Thus, some filtering or signal separation may be performed to isolate sounds from different sources to aid in identification. Signal separation techniques such as blind signal separation are known in the art as are many noise reduction techniques.
Preferably, the localization of the source of the identified sound is performed based on sound information captured by the microphone or
Localization may provide distance and direction from the microphone or microphone array receiving the sound to specify location in three dimensions. Alternatively, only directions may be provided, e.g. azimuth and elevation with respect to a reference point, which may be the position of a microphone, or a central reference of a set or array of microphones. In an environment such as a stadium, the distance or range can be found by considering the layout of the stadium (e.g., the orientation of the spectator stands). However, as will be explained below, in embodiments of the invention, it may be sufficient that there is no direction of the distance.
The localization may be accurate enough to identify an individual as a sound source, i.e., with an accuracy of about 1m or less. Alternatively, it may be sufficient to identify a small group of individuals, i.e. for example, with an accuracy of about 2m or less, or about 5m or less.
For example, sound recognition and source localization may be performed based on the same audio data (i.e., data from the same microphone (s)), or each function may use separate microphones or sets of microphones that capture the same sound or sounds, but have different characteristics or are located at different orientations.
In an embodiment, the
A
One or more light sources 212 (luminaires) are arranged in the vicinity of an area to be monitored, such as a part of a stadium. The luminaire is capable of providing illumination and lighting effects in the active area. Under the control of the
Different types of luminaires may be used in combination and may be grouped together for control purposes. Examples of possible illuminators or light sources include spotlights, strobe lights, and laser sources. In the case of lasers, safety should be an important consideration, and therefore, harmless lasers classified into class 1, class 1M, class 2, or class 2M should preferably be employed.
The luminaires may be connected to the
Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a stadium comprising two spectator areas (stands) 100a, 100 b. Spectators of an event (e.g., a football game occurring on a field located between two
A single light source 110 (here a spotlight, although other types of light sources may be used) is shown in fig. 3 at the opponent's
Considering the arrangement of the
Next, fig. 4 illustrates a similar arrangement, wherein the
Four
The line of
The present invention recognizes that this unwanted behavior can be escalated without interference, and thus proposes to generate glare for the viewer(s) 450 exhibiting the unwanted behavior in a manner that prevents them from continuing by removing their line of
Note that glare is often an unwanted effect, as it can be uncomfortable for the user, and therefore prior art illumination systems aim to reduce the amount of glare. On the other hand, the present invention is specifically directed to deliberately creating glare (as described herein) due to perceived advantages in reducing unwanted behavior in an activity.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the invention. The method begins at step S501, where one or more viewers begin to behave in an undesirable manner, and includes steps S502-S505 performed by the
As mentioned, at step S501, viewer 504 (or more) exhibits an undesirable action, such as yelling/jeopardy, etc.
At step S502, the
In any case, the location of the unwanted behavior is determined by the
At step S504, the target of the unwanted behavior is determined. As mentioned above, this may be estimated based on the loyalty of the spectators in the various locations of the stadium. This may include the
The method then proceeds to step S505, where the
This line of
Accordingly, the method proceeds to step S506, where the
One or more of the light sources 110 (at least the
To assist in this, the
As is known in the art, the amount of glare experienced by a user depends on a number of factors. Knowledge of these factors is often used to help reduce glare, but the present invention proposes to increase glare for a particular viewer or
Two different types of glare are usually distinguished — handicapped glare and discomfort glare. The residual glare is the reduction in visibility that results when light from a bright light source is scattered in the eyes of a user, resulting in a significant reduction in the experienced luminance contrast. On the other hand, discomfort glare is an annoying or even painful sensation experienced by users viewing bright light sources and is therefore more subjective than handicap glare. Either type of glare may "actively" (e.g., due to pain) or "passively" (e.g., by reducing visibility) block the viewer from a particular viewing direction.
The deBoer rating scale is an example of a way to characterize discomfort glare, and it describes the discomfort experienced by the user in a 9-subscale, from 1 (intolerable), through 3 (distracting), 5 (allowed only), 7 (satisfying) to 9 (noticeable only). Note that: a lower deBoer rating means more glare.
The deBoer rating gives information about the direction of the light level required to achieve a feeling of discomfort based on surrounding criteria such as viewing angle, background brightness and source brightness. The deBoer rating can be defined by the following formula:
wherein L isgIs the brightness of the glare source, LbIs the background brightness, ω is the solid angle subtended by the glare source from the viewer's azimuth, θ is the viewing angle, and cte, α, β are constants this formula can be used to calculate the different variables needed to achieve a discomfort level (e.g., deBoer gauge values below 5).
In other words, an optical device with a high glare level can be purposefully designed by determining the parameter values that yield an increased amount of glare, using traditional lighting knowledge about what is not to be done and what is a poor optical lighting design (e.g., using the deBoer scale that is typically applied in scenarios where one wishes to reduce the amount of glare). This can be done in two different ways, as described below.
First, the light sources may be designed such that they always produce glare (e.g., by being very bright). In this case, the light source will normally be in an "off" state and only switched on when unwanted behavior is detected. There may be other non-glare generating light sources in the stadium that can provide normal lighting. The glare generating light source may then be used in combination with these non-glare generating light sources by switching or controlling the glare generating light sources between the two types to additionally steer in response to the unwanted behavior.
Second, the optical characteristics can be changed by changing the light distribution of the light source by controlling the lens of the light source (by changing the lens-light source interaction). In some aspects, this option is less preferred than the first option, as it requires a mobile system, but can still provide the same results. It also provides additional flexibility, which may be beneficial in some situations.
Other methods are possible, such as discussed in lighting research center volume 9, part 1 (4.2011) "a method of estimating discomfort glare from external lighting systems" (available from http:// www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/assist/pdf/AR-disconfordtglare. pdf).
For purposes of describing glare generation more generally, FIG. 6 illustrates the stadium described in FIG. 3. Likewise, a "guest team"
Two angular ranges within his field of view (in fact these are solid angle ranges, but only shown in 2D in fig. 6) are particularly interesting and are shown in fig. 6, assuming that the
The methods described herein relate to increasing the amount of glare experienced by the
The
Note that the above has been described with reference to a
It will be understood that the present invention has been described above by way of example only, and modifications of detail can be made within the scope of the invention. Each feature disclosed in the description and (where appropriate) the claims and drawings may be provided independently or in any appropriate combination.
The various illustrative logical blocks, functional blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure may be implemented or performed with the following: a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic Device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform one or more of the functions described herein, optionally in combination with instructions stored in a memory or storage medium. The described processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, or a plurality of microprocessors, for example. Rather, functional blocks or modules described separately may be integrated into a single processor. The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the disclosure may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may reside in any form of storage medium known in the art. Some examples of storage media that may be used include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, and a CD-ROM.
Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. A computer program may be stored and/or distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.