阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于各种类型复杂金精矿独立冶炼的方法 (Method suitable for independent smelting of various complex gold concentrates ) 是由 蒋开喜 于 2019-12-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种适用于各种类型复杂金精矿独立冶炼的方法,属于黄金冶炼技术领域,包括以下步骤：(1)将金精矿原料配入熔剂后熔炼,使金银富集在锍中,硫氧化进入熔炼烟气,得到金银富集物Ⅰ、熔炼渣和熔炼烟气；(2)将金银富集物Ⅰ通过湿法回收,得到金产品、银产品和浸出渣；(3)将熔炼烟气经余热利用、收尘后制取硫酸。当金银富集物Ⅰ含铜量较高时,可将金银富集物Ⅰ经过吹炼二次富集金银得到金银富集物Ⅱ,金银富集物Ⅱ再进入步骤(2)湿法回收处理。本发明可处理各种类型复杂金矿、复杂金精矿及二次物料,工艺技术及装备成熟,易于实现工业应用,有效降低烟尘率,不产生氰化渣或含氰废水,经济效益和社会效益显著。(A method suitable for independent smelting of various complex gold concentrates belongs to the technical field of gold smelting, and comprises the following steps: (1) the gold concentrate raw material is mixed with a flux and then smelted, so that gold and silver are enriched in matte, and sulfur is oxidized and enters smelting flue gas to obtain a gold and silver enrichment substance I, smelting slag and smelting flue gas; (2) recovering the gold and silver enrichment substance I by a wet method to obtain a gold product, a silver product and leaching residues; (3) the sulfuric acid is prepared from smelting flue gas after waste heat utilization and dust collection. When the copper content of the gold and silver concentrate I is higher, the gold and silver concentrate I can be subjected to secondary gold and silver enrichment through blowing to obtain a gold and silver concentrate II, and the gold and silver concentrate II is subjected to wet recovery treatment in the step (2). The invention can treat various complex gold ores, complex gold concentrates and secondary materials, has mature process technology and equipment, is easy to realize industrial application, effectively reduces the smoke dust rate, does not produce cyanide slag or cyanide-containing wastewater, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.)

1. A method suitable for independently smelting various types of complex gold concentrates is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) the gold concentrate raw material is mixed with a flux and then smelted, so that gold and silver are enriched in matte, and sulfur is oxidized and enters smelting flue gas to obtain a gold and silver enrichment substance I, smelting slag and smelting flue gas;

(2) recovering the gold and silver enrichment substance I by a wet method to obtain a gold product, a silver product and leaching residues;

(3) the sulfuric acid is prepared from smelting flue gas after waste heat utilization and dust collection.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold concentrate raw material is high-grade gold ore, complex gold concentrate from ore dressing or various secondary materials containing gold.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flux is selected from one or more of quartz and limestone, the quartz requiring SiO ₂The content reaches more than 50 wt%, and the limestone requires that the CaO content reaches more than 30 wt%.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the iron to silicon ratio (Fe/SiO) in the slag is controlled during smelting in step (1) ₂) Between 0.7 and 2.0; and when the iron content is low, adding a proper amount of collecting agent, wherein the collecting agent is selected from one or more of iron sulfide, pyrite, pyrrhotite, iron-containing intermediate products or waste materials.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a proper amount of fuel is added in the smelting process in the step (1), and the fuel is selected from one or more of coke powder, crushed coal, pulverized coal, natural gas and petroleum coke.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the smelting plant in step (1) is a side-blown smelting furnace, a bottom-blown smelting furnace, a top-blown smelting furnace, a flash furnace or a blast furnace; and controlling the smelting temperature to be 1000-1500 ℃ in the smelting process, blowing oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, and controlling the volume concentration of the oxygen to be 30-95%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein copper in the gold concentrate raw material after smelting in step (1) is enriched in matte, and silicon, calcium, aluminum and magnesium enter smelting slag; and (4) leaching the smoke dust obtained by collecting dust in the step (3) with acid, separating and recovering zinc, copper, lead and arsenic, and returning the leached slag of the smoke dust to the step (1) for proportioning and smelting.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein SiO-rich is used ₂The gold concentrate raw material replaces partial SiO ₂And (4) fusing agent.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein when the gold-silver concentrate I obtained in the step (1) has a high copper content, the gold-silver concentrate I is directly sold or subjected to blowing for secondary gold and silver enrichment, the blowing reaction temperature is 1000-1500 ℃, a gold-silver concentrate II, blowing slag and blowing flue gas are obtained, the gold-silver concentrate II is directly sold or subjected to wet recovery processing in the step (2), the blowing slag returns to the step (1) for batching and smelting, and the blowing flue gas and the smelting flue gas are combined and subjected to processing in the step (3).

10. The process of claim 9, wherein the blowing equipment for the gold/silver concentrate I is a converter, a side-blown converter, a bottom-blown converter or an electric furnace.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet recovery of step (2) is an oxidative leach or an electrolytic process: carrying out oxidation leaching on gold and silver enrichment without copper or with low copper by adopting sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to leach iron, sulfur and alkali metals into a solution, and carrying out chlorination gold separation, sodium sulfite or ammonia leaching silver separation on gold and silver enriched in leaching residues to obtain gold products and silver products; for the gold and silver concentrate containing copper, cathode copper is produced by adopting an electrolysis process, high-grade gold and silver containing anode mud is obtained, and gold products and silver products are obtained from the anode mud by a traditional pyrogenic process or a full wet process.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gold smelting, and relates to a method suitable for independent smelting of various complex gold concentrates.

Background

The complex gold concentrate is difficult to extract by adopting a direct cyanidation leaching method due to the fact that the complex gold concentrate contains impurities such as carbon, arsenic, antimony, lead and the like or is wrapped by minerals, and the main types of the complex gold concentrate are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of arsenic-containing micro-fine particle coated gold concentrate, organic carbon gold concentrate, copper-containing gold concentrate (medium-low copper), lead-containing silver complex gold concentrate, silicate-containing coated complex gold concentrate, fluorine-containing chlorine-containing gold concentrate and coarse particle gravity gold concentrate. More than 2/3 gold reserves in the world are refractory ores, and the development of the complex gold concentrate smelting process has important significance. At present, the smelting method of the complex gold concentrate mainly comprises a roasting-cyaniding method, a biological-cyaniding method, a hot-pressing preoxidation-cyaniding method, a biological preoxidation-cyaniding method, a matte gold-catching method and the like.

The roasting-cyaniding method is widely applied in industrial production, and after arsenic and sulfur are removed from concentrate through one-stage or two-stage roasting, gold is extracted through cyaniding, so that the method is relatively wide in applicability, is particularly suitable for treating organic carbon-containing gold concentrate, but is low in recovery rate of lead-containing silver concentrate, silicate-coated concentrate and gravity-separated gold concentrate, and is large in dust output in the process, poor in production environment and easy to cause environmental pollution.

The biological preoxidation-cyanidation method has the advantages of rapid development in recent years, high gold recovery rate of over 90 percent, no dust problem, suitability for treating arsenic-containing micro-fine particle coated gold concentrate, and unsuitability for treating copper-lead, high-sulfur and silicate coated and gravity-separated gold concentrate. The patent CN201110459938.6 provides a biological gold extraction process for refractory gold ore with high arsenic and high carbon micro-fine particles and microorganisms used in the process, the pre-oxidation period is 5-7 days, and the gold ore pulp is subjected to cyanidation for gold extraction after lime neutralization.

The hot-pressing pre-oxidation method is divided into an acidic system and an alkaline system, but the reaction temperature is controlled to be 160-225 ℃, the reaction pressure is more than 2MPa, the requirement on equipment is high, the investment and production cost are high, the recovery rate of gold is only about 90%, the method is more suitable for treating arsenic-coated gold-like concentrate, the recovery rate of lead-containing silver and silicate-coated gold-like concentrate is low, the method is particularly not suitable for treating fluorine-containing chlorine-containing gold-like concentrate, and the problem of equipment corrosion is serious.

The complex gold concentrate can also be comprehensively recovered in the smelting process of copper, lead and the like through batching. The matte gold-catching is a new smelting process proposed in recent years, can realize the comprehensive recovery of gold and silver in the copper smelting process, mainly utilizes the catching effect of matte on gold and silver, mixes and smelts complex gold concentrate and copper concentrate to generate copper matte, recovers the gold and the silver from anode mud after blowing and electrolysis, and the total recovery rate of gold can reach more than 98%. The method effectively combines copper smelting and gold and silver extraction, improves the comprehensive recovery rate of metal by using the existing system, improves the economic benefit of copper smelting enterprises, is convenient for in-process environmental management, and has been popularized to the smelting fields of lead, antimony and the like. Patents cn201410601277.x and CN201210279659.6 propose mixing the arsenic-containing refractory gold ore with the copper-containing material to perform oxidation smelting to produce gold-containing low-grade copper matte, and the recovery rate of gold in the low-grade copper matte is more than 98%. The patents CN201410532819.2 and CN201410533895.5 propose that refractory gold ore and lead-containing waste slag raw materials are sent to an oxygen bottom blowing furnace for smelting to produce lead bullion, the lead bullion is subjected to electrolytic refining to obtain refined lead, and gold and silver are enriched in anode mud. Patents CN201310181632.8 and CN201810769193.5 propose to alloy antimony and smelt. However, the method needs to be matched with treatment, cannot realize the independent treatment of the gold concentrate, is not suitable for treating a large amount of gold concentrate with low copper content, and leads to the increase of smelting cost due to the long-distance transportation of materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method suitable for independently smelting various types of complex gold concentrates aiming at the defects of the treatment technology, and the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

A method suitable for independently smelting various types of complex gold concentrates comprises the following steps:

(1) the gold concentrate raw material is mixed with a flux and then smelted, so that gold and silver are enriched in matte, and sulfur is oxidized and enters smelting flue gas to obtain a gold and silver enrichment substance I, smelting slag and smelting flue gas;

(2) recovering the gold and silver enrichment substance I by a wet method to obtain a gold product, a silver product and leaching residues;

(3) the sulfuric acid is prepared from smelting flue gas after waste heat utilization and dust collection.

Further, the gold concentrate raw material is high-grade gold ore, complex gold concentrate produced by ore dressing or various gold-containing secondary materials.

The invention has the innovation points that the raw materials have wider adaptability, are not limited by copper and lead smelting systems, do not need to be matched with concentrates such as copper, lead and the like for treatment, are beneficial to large-scale production, and have clean and environment-friendly process. The processing raw material of the invention can be high-grade gold ore, complex gold concentrate produced by mineral separation, or secondary gold-containing material, the gold ore and the gold concentrate can be processed in various types, no matter the gold concentrate contains carbon, arsenic, copper, lead and silver, silicate coating, fluorine and chlorine, and coarse particle gravity separation, the technology can be adopted to process, and the high-efficiency comprehensive recovery of valuable elements such as gold, silver, lead, copper, sulfur and the like can be realized in the process. The method is particularly suitable for the separate smelting and extraction of low-copper or copper-free complex gold concentrate, and realizes the enrichment of valuable metals such as gold, silver and the like under the condition of not matching copper concentrate and lead concentrate through the matching of the collecting agent and the control of the process technology.

Further, the fusing agent is selected from one or more of quartz and limestone, wherein the quartz requires SiO ₂The content reaches more than 50 wt%, and the limestone requires that the CaO content reaches more than 30 wt%.

Further, in the smelting process in the step (1), the iron-silicon ratio (Fe/SiO2) in the slag is controlled to be 0.7-2.0, a proper amount of collecting agent can be added when the iron content is low, the collecting agent is one or more of iron sulfide, pyrite and pyrrhotite, and can also be iron-containing intermediate products or waste materials produced in industrial production.

Furthermore, a proper amount of fuel is added in the smelting process in the step (1) to control the reaction temperature and atmosphere, and the fuel can be one or more of coke powder, crushed coal, pulverized coal, natural gas, petroleum coke and the like.

Furthermore, the smelting process in the step (1) mainly refers to a molten pool smelting process, and the smelting equipment can be a side-blown smelting furnace, a bottom-blown smelting furnace or a top-blown smelting furnace; other smelting processes are possible and the smelting plant includes flash furnaces, blast furnaces, etc. In the process, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1000-1500 ℃, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is blown in for smelting, and the volume concentration of the oxygen is controlled to be 30-95%.

Further, copper in the gold concentrate raw material smelted in the step (1) is enriched in matte, silicon, calcium, aluminum, magnesium and the like enter smelting slag, and the smelting slag (or after water quenching) is stockpiled or sold for sale. The smelting flue gas is sent to an acid making system to produce sulfuric acid after waste heat utilization and dust collection. More than 60% of arsenic in the raw materials is volatilized into smoke dust and acid, so that the arsenic can be recovered or solidified, and the pollution of the arsenic is avoided. The smoke dust can be separated and recycled after acid leaching, such as zinc, copper, lead, arsenic and the like, and the smoke dust leaching residue is returned to the step (1) for proportioning and smelting.

Further, some SiO-rich materials may be used ₂The raw material of the complex gold concentrate replaces partial SiO ₂The flux can not only increase the recovery of gold, but also save the cost of the flux.

Further, when the copper content of the gold-silver concentrate I obtained in the step (1) is high, the gold-silver concentrate I is directly sold or subjected to blowing for secondary gold and silver enrichment, the blowing reaction temperature is 1000-1500 ℃, a gold-silver concentrate II, blowing slag and blowing flue gas are obtained, the gold-silver concentrate II is directly sold or subjected to wet recovery processing in the step (2), the blowing slag returns to the step (1) for batching and smelting, and the blowing flue gas and the smelting flue gas are combined and subjected to processing in the step (3). The blowing equipment of the gold and silver concentrate I can adopt a converter, a side blowing furnace, a bottom blowing furnace or an electric furnace and the like.

Further, the wet recovery in step (2) is an oxidation leaching or electrolysis process. The gold and silver enriched material without copper or with low copper content is oxidized and leached by sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, etc., preferably sulfuric acid, so that alkali metals such as iron and sulfur are leached into solution, the gold and silver enriched in leaching residue can be separated into pure gold and silver powder by adopting a full hydrometallurgy process, such as chlorination gold separation, sodium sulfite or ammonia leaching, and gold ingots and silver ingots are obtained after respective fusion casting. The gold and silver concentrate containing copper can be directly sold to copper smelting enterprises as smelting intermediate products; the gold and silver can be further enriched by blowing, and the produced secondary gold and silver enrichment is sold to copper smelting enterprises; or the cathode copper is produced by adopting an electrolysis technology, high-grade gold and silver containing anode mud is obtained, and the gold and silver are extracted from the anode mud by adopting the traditional pyrogenic process or the full wet process.

The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the comprehensive recovery rate of the complex gold concentrate, reduce the yield of smoke dust, improve the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the smoke, facilitate acid preparation, and effectively improve the operating environment, thereby avoiding the pollution of dust and sulfur dioxide to the environment, and the produced sulfuric acid can be directly sold or used for heap leaching and the like. The process is flexible, the equipment is mature, the industrialization is easy to realize, the in-situ construction of mines is facilitated, the restriction of copper and lead smelting raw materials and systems is avoided, the investment and transportation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of enterprises is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for independently smelting various types of complex gold concentrates.

Detailed Description

In order to illustrate the invention more clearly, the following examples are given without any limitation to the scope of the invention.