Yaw brake system of wind generating set and control method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 风力发电机组偏航制动系统及其控制方法 (Yaw brake system of wind generating set and control method thereof ) 是由 张学文 阳雪兵 宋晓萍 刘明 于 2019-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种风力发电机组偏航制动系统,包括液压制动系统、电磁制动系统；液压制动系统包括液压站、液压制动器,液压制动器与偏航制动盘相接触,偏航制动盘与偏航轴承具有齿轮的套圈、塔筒顶法兰螺栓联接；机舱底板与偏航轴承不带齿轮的套圈采用螺栓联接,液压制动器与液压站连接；电磁制动系统包括偏航电机、偏航减速机、电磁制动器,电磁制动器安装在偏航电机内,偏航电机输出轴与偏航减速机的输入轴连接,偏航减速机的输出齿轮与偏航轴承齿圈啮合。本发明能够让偏航液压制动系统在掉电时处于低压状态,也能在掉电时可不依赖UPS供电实现长时间带阻尼被动偏航,有效降低机组在暴风工况下的载荷,同时避免偏航齿轮受到外载荷冲击。(The invention discloses a yaw brake system of a wind generating set, which comprises a hydraulic brake system and an electromagnetic brake system, wherein the hydraulic brake system comprises a hydraulic brake system and a hydraulic brake system; the hydraulic brake system comprises a hydraulic station and a hydraulic brake, the hydraulic brake is in contact with a yaw brake disc, and the yaw brake disc is connected with a ring of a yaw bearing with a gear and a tower cylinder top flange bolt; the bottom plate of the engine room is connected with a ring without a gear of the yaw bearing by a bolt, and the hydraulic brake is connected with the hydraulic station; the electromagnetic braking system comprises a yaw motor, a yaw speed reducer and an electromagnetic brake, wherein the electromagnetic brake is installed in the yaw motor, an output shaft of the yaw motor is connected with an input shaft of the yaw speed reducer, and an output gear of the yaw speed reducer is meshed with a yaw bearing gear ring. The invention can lead the yaw hydraulic braking system to be in a low-voltage state when the power failure occurs, and can realize long-time damping passive yaw without depending on UPS power supply when the power failure occurs, thereby effectively reducing the load of the unit under the storm condition and simultaneously avoiding the yaw gear from being impacted by external load.)
1. The utility model provides a wind generating set driftage braking system which characterized in that: the brake system comprises a hydraulic brake system and an electromagnetic brake system; the hydraulic brake system comprises a hydraulic station, a hydraulic brake and a pipeline, wherein the hydraulic brake is installed on a bottom plate of a cabin of the wind generating set and is in contact with a yaw brake disc, the yaw brake disc is connected with a ring of a yaw bearing with a gear and a tower barrel top flange bolt, and the hydraulic brake can clamp the yaw brake disc under the action of pressure to realize yaw brake of a machine head of the wind generating set; the bottom plate of the engine room is connected with a ring without a gear of the yaw bearing by a bolt, and the hydraulic brake is connected with the hydraulic station by a pipeline; the electromagnetic braking system comprises a yaw motor, a yaw speed reducer and an electromagnetic brake, wherein the electromagnetic brake is installed in the yaw motor and used for braking a rotor of the yaw motor, an output shaft of the yaw motor is connected with an input shaft of the yaw speed reducer, and an output gear of the yaw speed reducer is meshed with a yaw bearing gear ring.
2. The wind generating set yaw brake system of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic station comprises a check valve, an electromagnetic valve I, an oil tank and a plurality of loops positioned between an oil outlet of the hydraulic brake and the oil tank, pressure oil of the hydraulic pump sequentially enters the hydraulic brake through the check valve and the electromagnetic valve I, only one loop with a back pressure valve can overflow in the plurality of loops between the oil outlet of the hydraulic brake and the oil tank under the power-off state, an electromagnetic valve III is further arranged in the loop with the back pressure valve, and the set overflow pressure of the back pressure valve is lower than the brake pressure of the hydraulic brake system under the normal power generation condition of the wind generating set; and the other loops are provided with electromagnetic valves II.
3. The wind generating set yaw brake system of claim 2, wherein: the hydraulic brake system also comprises an energy accumulator which is controlled by the solenoid valve and is communicated with the hydraulic brake, and the energy accumulator is communicated with the hydraulic brake when the hydraulic station loses power, so that the hydraulic brake system is kept at low pressure when the hydraulic brake system loses power.
4. The wind generating set yaw brake system of claim 2, wherein: the electromagnetic brake arranged in the yaw motor is normally open, namely, the electric brake is braked, and the brake is released when power is lost.
5. The wind generating set yaw brake system of claim 4, wherein: the electromagnetic brake comprises a magnetic yoke, a coil, a friction plate, an armature plate, an elastic sheet and an armature cam, wherein the armature cam is connected with a motor rotor shaft through a shaft key, the armature plate is integrated with the armature cam through the elastic sheet, the coil is located in the magnetic yoke, the friction plate is located between the coil and the armature plate, the coil is electrically attracted to the armature plate when the electromagnetic brake is powered on, and the armature plate overcomes the elastic force of the elastic sheet and contacts with the friction plate to realize braking.
6. A control method of a wind generating set yaw brake system according to any of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of;
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the wind generating set is in a storm condition, if so, entering a storm control mode, and entering a second step; if not, entering a third step:
step two: the wind generating set stops generating power, untwists the cable before the cable twisting value exceeds the limit value, and drifts in the leeward;
step three: judging whether the power grid is powered off, if not, entering the fourth step, and if so, entering the fifth step;
step four: the wind generating set actively carries out leeward yawing to keep the direction of the machine head consistent with the wind direction;
step five: the wind generating set adopts a power-down braking mode and enters into a passive yaw with damping.
7. The control method of the yaw brake system of the wind generating set according to claim 6, wherein: in the first step, when the storm wind control mode is manually entered or the wind speed exceeds S within the judgment time T, the storm wind control mode is judged to be entered.
8. The control method of the yaw brake system of the wind generating set according to claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the fan releases the cable in advance and carries out leeward yawing by adopting a minimum cable twisting value, and the control method comprises the following flows:
2-1) obtaining a current cable twisting angle value α and a nose and wind direction deviation angle β, wherein the cable twisting angle value α has a plus or minus sign, the left cable twisting value is negative, namely the right yaw is the cable untwisting direction, the right cable twisting value is positive, namely the left yaw is the cable untwisting direction, the nose and wind direction deviation angle β defines an angle that the nose rotates clockwise to the wind direction is consistent and needs to rotate, and the angle is not a plus or minus sign and is a positive number;
2-2) judging whether | α + β | > | α - (360- β) | is true, if true, yawing | α - (360- β) | degree on the left side, and if not, yawing | α + β | degree on the right side;
2-3) stopping yawing when detecting that the β value is smaller than the set minimum allowable yawing angle difference A and α is less than or equal to 180 degrees during yawing.
9. The control method of the yaw brake system of the wind generating set according to claim 6, wherein: in the fifth step, a power grid is powered off, and an electromagnetic valve I, an electromagnetic valve II, an electromagnetic valve III and an electromagnetic brake in the yaw motor of the hydraulic station are powered by the UPS to maintain the original state in a short time after the power failure; when the power failure duration time of the power grid exceeds a set value T dWhen the wind generating set is in a damping passive yawing state, the electromagnetic valves I, II and III of the hydraulic station and the electromagnetic brakes in the yawing motors are all powered off, the pressure of the hydraulic brakes is reduced to the overflow pressure set by the back pressure valve, and at the moment, the wind generating set is in the damping passive yawing state.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind power, in particular to a yaw braking system of a wind generating set and a control method thereof.
Background
The wind generating set has complex operation conditions, the set needs to face various abnormal conditions such as power grid failure, storm wind, wind direction sudden change and the like, a yaw braking system and a control strategy thereof are of great importance to the safety of the set under the conditions, when the power grid is in failure, the conventional yaw braking system of the wind generating set needs to be powered by a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) of the set to maintain the set in a braking state, but the UPS is limited in power supply time, generally, only a few hours, if the UPS is in failure for a long time, the UPS is not enough to maintain the power supply for a long time, if the wind direction sudden change occurs, the hydraulic braking pressure is reduced, an electromagnetic brake of a yaw motor is in a braking state due to power failure, and a yaw.
In addition, under the working condition of storm or typhoon, the existing unit usually adopts an upwind shutdown strategy, a yaw braking system is in a braking locking state, namely a hydraulic brake is in high-pressure braking and an electromagnetic brake of a yaw motor is in brake locking braking, at the moment, the unit can only rely on self parts such as blades, the strength of the tower frame resists the storm, the strength of the tower frame and the blades needs to be enhanced by a main engine plant, and therefore the cost of the whole unit is increased.
The anti-typhoon control method provided by the invention patent with the publication number of CN106677983B enables the fan to be in a free yawing state after the power grid is powered off during typhoon, and avoids the bad influence on the unit caused by overlarge load. However, the scheme does not consider that when the unit is in a free yaw state when a brake of a yaw brake system is opened, the friction torque of a machine head yaw system is small, sudden wind direction change can cause over-speed yaw and frequent passive yaw of the machine head, damage is caused to yaw transmission parts of the unit, even cables are twisted off, the control method needs to rely on a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) and a storage battery for power supply when a power grid is powered off, when the UPS or the storage battery is used up, the free yaw state needs to be quitted, a yaw motor brake and a yaw hydraulic brake recover to a brake state, the unit is in a brake locking state at the moment, if the wind direction changes during the period, the unit cannot yaw, a fan can bear large load.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a yaw brake system of a wind generating set with a simple structure and a control method thereof.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a yaw brake system of a wind generating set comprises a hydraulic brake system and an electromagnetic brake system; the hydraulic brake system comprises a hydraulic station, a hydraulic brake and a pipeline, wherein the hydraulic brake is installed on a bottom plate of a cabin of the wind generating set and is in contact with a yaw brake disc, the yaw brake disc is connected with a ring of a yaw bearing with a gear and a tower barrel top flange bolt, and the hydraulic brake can clamp the yaw brake disc under the action of pressure to realize yaw brake of a machine head of the wind generating set; the bottom plate of the engine room is connected with a ring without a gear of the yaw bearing by a bolt, and the hydraulic brake is connected with the hydraulic station by a pipeline; the electromagnetic braking system comprises a yaw motor, a yaw speed reducer and an electromagnetic brake, wherein the electromagnetic brake is installed in the yaw motor and used for braking a rotor of the yaw motor, an output shaft of the yaw motor is connected with an input shaft of the yaw speed reducer, and an output gear of the yaw speed reducer is meshed with a yaw bearing gear ring.
The hydraulic station comprises a check valve, a solenoid valve I, an oil tank and a plurality of loops positioned between an oil outlet of the hydraulic brake and the oil tank, pressure oil of the hydraulic pump sequentially enters the hydraulic brake through the check valve and the solenoid valve I, only one loop with a back pressure valve can overflow in the plurality of loops between the oil outlet of the hydraulic brake and the oil tank under the power-off state, a solenoid valve III is further arranged in the loop with the back pressure valve, the set overflow pressure of the back pressure valve is lower than the brake pressure of the hydraulic brake system under the normal power generation condition of the wind generating set, and solenoid valves II are arranged in the other loops.
According to the yaw brake system of the wind generating set, the hydraulic brake system further comprises an energy accumulator which is controlled by the electromagnetic valve and communicated with the hydraulic brake, and the energy accumulator is communicated with the hydraulic brake when the hydraulic station loses power, so that the hydraulic brake system is kept at low pressure when the hydraulic brake system loses power.
According to the yaw braking system of the wind generating set, the electromagnetic brake arranged in the yaw motor is in a normally open type, namely, electric brake braking and power-off brake release are achieved.
According to the yaw brake system of the wind generating set, the electromagnetic brake comprises the magnetic yoke, the coil, the friction plate, the armature plate, the elastic sheet and the armature cam, the armature cam is connected with the motor rotor shaft through the shaft key, the armature plate is integrated with the armature cam through the elastic sheet, the coil is located in the magnetic yoke, the friction plate is located between the coil and the armature plate, the coil is electrically attracted to the armature plate when the electromagnetic brake is powered on, and the armature plate overcomes the elastic force of the elastic sheet to be in contact with the friction plate to achieve braking.
A control method of a yaw brake system of a wind generating set comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the wind generating set is in a storm condition, if so, entering a storm control mode, and entering a second step; if not, entering a third step:
step two: the wind generating set stops generating power, untwists the cable before the cable twisting value exceeds the limit value, and drifts in the leeward;
step three: judging whether the power grid is powered off, if not, entering the fourth step, and if so, entering the fifth step;
step four: the wind generating set actively carries out leeward yawing to keep the direction of the machine head consistent with the wind direction;
step five: the wind generating set adopts a power-down braking mode and enters into a passive yaw with damping.
In the first step, when the wind speed exceeds S within the time T, the wind generating set is judged to enter the storm wind control mode.
In the second step, the blower releases the cable in advance and carries out leeward yawing by adopting the minimum cable twisting value, and the control method comprises the following processes:
2-1) obtaining a current cable twisting angle value α and a nose and wind direction deviation angle β, wherein the cable twisting angle value α has a plus or minus sign, the left cable twisting value is negative, namely the right yaw is the cable untwisting direction, the right cable twisting value is positive, namely the left yaw is the cable untwisting direction, the nose and wind direction deviation angle β defines an angle that the nose rotates clockwise to the wind direction is consistent and needs to rotate, and the angle is not a plus or minus sign and is a positive number;
2-2) judging whether | α + β | > | α - (360- β) | is true, if true, yawing | α - (360- β) | degree on the left side, and if not, yawing | α + β | degree on the right side;
2-3) stopping yawing when detecting that the β value is smaller than the set minimum allowable yawing angle difference A and α is less than or equal to 180 degrees during yawing.
In the fifth step, the power grid is powered off, and the electromagnetic brake in the electromagnetic valve I, the electromagnetic valve II, the electromagnetic valve III and the yaw motor of the hydraulic station are powered by the UPS to maintain the original state in a short time after the power failure; when the power failure duration time of the power grid exceeds a set value T dWhen the wind generating set is in a damping passive yawing state, the electromagnetic valves I, II and III of the hydraulic station and the electromagnetic brakes in the yawing motors are all powered off, the pressure of the hydraulic brakes is reduced to the overflow pressure set by the back pressure valve, and at the moment, the wind generating set is in the damping passive yawing state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the yaw brake system, only one loop with a back pressure valve can overflow in a plurality of loops between the output end of the hydraulic brake system and an oil tank under the power-off state, and the set overflow pressure of the back pressure valve is lower than the brake pressure of the hydraulic brake system under the normal power generation condition of the wind generating set, so that the yaw hydraulic brake system is in a low-pressure state and is subjected to pressure maintaining by adopting a low-pressure accumulator during the power-off state.
2. In the yaw braking system, the yaw motor adopts the normally open electromagnetic brake, so that the yaw system can realize long-time damping passive yaw without depending on UPS power supply when the power failure occurs, the load of the unit under the storm condition is effectively reduced, the yaw gear is prevented from being impacted by external load, and the safety of the wind turbine generator is improved.
3. According to the control method, the advance cable release strategy is carried out before the storm, the risk of twisting off the cable caused by passive yaw under the storm working condition can be reduced, and therefore the safety of the power-down passive yaw of the fan is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a yaw brake system of a wind generating set according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic station structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a normally open electromagnetic brake according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a control flow diagram of the power-down braking mode in the control method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a control flow chart of the control method of the present invention under storm conditions.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the relationship between wind direction, twisted cable value and yaw angle difference defined in the control method of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a yaw control procedure with minimum cable-twisting value in the control method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cabin floor; 2. a yaw bearing; 2.2, the yaw bearing is provided with a ferrule of a gear; 2.1, a yaw bearing outer ring; 3. a yaw speed reducer; 4. a yaw motor; 5. a hydraulic brake; 6. a yaw brake disc; 7. a tower drum top flange; 8. a one-way valve; 9. a solenoid valve I; 10. a pipeline; 11. a solenoid valve II; 12. a solenoid valve III; 13. an accumulator; 14. a back pressure valve; 15. an oil tank; 16. a hydraulic station; 17. an electromagnetic brake; 17.1, a magnetic yoke; 17.2, a coil; 17.3, friction plates; 17.4, armature plate; 17.5, a spring armature; 17.6, armature cam; 18. a motor rotor shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a yaw brake system of a wind generating set is characterized in that: the brake system comprises a hydraulic brake system and an electromagnetic brake system; the hydraulic brake system comprises a
As shown in fig. 2, the
The hydraulic brake system also includes an
As shown in fig. 3, the
The wind generating set enables the machine head to be in a braking state if the power grid is normal, on one hand, the electromagnetic valve I9 of the
When the wind generating set is in normal state in the power grid, if the machine head is required to perform yaw action, the yaw motor 4 is started, the
When the power failure of a power grid occurs, the electromagnetic valve I9, the electromagnetic valve II 11 and the
4-7, a method for controlling a yaw brake system of a wind generating set comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the wind generating set is in a storm condition, if so, entering a storm control mode, and entering a second step; if not, entering a third step;
and when the storm wind control mode is manually entered or the wind speed exceeds S within the judgment time T, the storm wind control mode is judged to be entered.
Step two: the wind generating set stops generating power, untwists the cable before the cable twisting value exceeds the limit value, and drifts in the leeward;
the fan is untied in advance and leeward yawing is carried out by adopting a minimum cable twisting value, and the control method comprises the following processes:
2-1) obtaining a current cable twisting angle value α and a nose and wind direction deviation angle β, wherein the cable twisting angle value α is signed with positive and negative signs, the left cable twisting value is negative (namely right yaw is the cable untwisting direction), the right cable twisting value is positive (namely left yaw is the cable untwisting direction), the nose and wind direction deviation angle β defines an angle that the nose rotates clockwise to the wind direction is consistent and needs to rotate, and the angle is signed without positive or negative signs and is positive;
2-2) judging whether | α + β | > | α - (360- β) | is true, if true, yawing | α - (360- β) | degree on the left side, and if not, yawing | α + β | degree on the right side;
2-3) stopping yawing when detecting that the β value is smaller than the set minimum allowable yawing angle difference A and α is less than or equal to 180 degrees during yawing.
Step three: and judging whether the power grid is powered off, if not, entering the fourth step, and if so, entering the fifth step.
Step four: the wind generating set actively carries out leeward yawing to keep the direction of the machine head consistent with the wind direction.
Step five: the wind generating set adopts a power-down braking mode and enters into a passive yaw with damping.
When the power grid is powered off, the solenoid valve I9, the solenoid valve II 11 and the
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