阅读说明：本技术 一种测量耦合电流的装置 (Device for measuring coupling current ) 是由 孟萃 张茂兴 徐志谦 于 2021-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种测量耦合电流的装置,包括：X射线源1、真空腔体2、信号传输系统3和示波器4；其中,X射线源1的出光口与真空腔体2连接,连接的交界面从出光口到真空腔体2方向依次设置有用于屏蔽入射电磁波的第一材料板2-1和用于吸收电子束的第二材料板2-2,第一材料板2-1与真空腔体2的内壁连接；X射线源1向真空腔体2内入射X射线1-1,X射线1-1的入射方向与真空腔体2内的待测量耦合电流的试验线缆5所在的平面垂直,试验线缆5通过腔壁上的接口与腔外的信号传输系统3连接；示波器4采集通过信号传输系统3输出的用于耦合电流分析的线缆电流。本发明实施例通过屏蔽电磁波和吸收电子束的结构设计,提升了试验线缆5耦合电流测试的准确性。(An apparatus for measuring a coupling current, comprising: the device comprises an X-ray source 1, a vacuum cavity 2, a signal transmission system 3 and an oscilloscope 4; wherein, the light outlet of the X-ray source 1 is connected with the vacuum cavity 2, the connected interface is sequentially provided with a first material plate 2-1 for shielding incident electromagnetic waves and a second material plate 2-2 for absorbing electron beams from the light outlet to the vacuum cavity 2, and the first material plate 2-1 is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2; an X-ray source 1 emits X-rays 1-1 into a vacuum cavity 2, the incident direction of the X-rays 1-1 is vertical to the plane of a test cable 5 to be measured with coupling current in the vacuum cavity 2, and the test cable 5 is connected with a signal transmission system 3 outside the cavity through an interface on the wall of the cavity; the oscilloscope 4 collects the cable current for coupling current analysis output through the signal transmission system 3. According to the embodiment of the invention, through the structural design of shielding electromagnetic waves and absorbing electron beams, the accuracy of the test of the coupling current of the test cable 5 is improved.)

1. An apparatus for measuring a coupling current, comprising: the device comprises an X-ray source (1), a vacuum cavity (2), a signal transmission system (3) and an oscilloscope (4); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a light outlet of the X-ray source (1) is connected with the vacuum cavity (2), a first material plate (2-1) for shielding incident electromagnetic waves and a second material plate (2-2) for absorbing electron beams are sequentially arranged on a connected interface from the light outlet to the vacuum cavity (2), and the first material plate (2-1) is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity (2);

the inner wall of the vacuum cavity (2) is provided with a third material layer (2-3) for absorbing electron beams;

an X-ray source (1) emits X-rays (1-1) into a vacuum cavity (2), the incident direction of the X-rays (1-1) is vertical to the plane of a test cable (5) to be measured and placed in the vacuum cavity (2) and used for measuring coupling current, and the test cable (5) is connected with a signal transmission system (3) outside the vacuum cavity through an interface on the wall of the vacuum cavity (2);

the signal transmission system (3) is connected with the oscilloscope (4), and the oscilloscope (4) collects the cable current which is output through the signal transmission system (3) and used for coupling current analysis.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the X-ray source (1) comprises:

a continuous X-ray source CXR or a pulsed X-ray source FXR.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy of the X-rays (1-1) lies between 1 keV and 1 MeV.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first material plate (2-1) comprises: the metal plate has an atomic number smaller than a first preset value and a thickness of a first preset thickness.

5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second material sheet (2-2) comprises: the material plate has an atomic number smaller than a second preset value and a thickness of a second preset thickness;

wherein the second predetermined thickness is in the order of millimeters.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a preset number of dose plates (6) for radiation dose measurement are affixed to the test cable (5) according to a preset distribution.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal transmission system (3) comprises:

an optical-electrical transmission system or a multilayer shielded cable transmission system;

wherein the multi-layer shielded cable transmission system comprises: a transmission system including a double-shielded wire or a triple-shielded wire.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the test cable (5) is connected to the signal transmission system (3) via a flange (2-4) on the wall of the vacuum chamber (2).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the flange (2-4) circumscribes a faraday cage (2-5) for composite shielding.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a first end of the test cable (5) is connected with the oscilloscope (4) through a first cable connector (5-1), and a second end is suspended or terminated with a preset matching impedance through a second cable connector (5-2).

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:

when the voltage signal connected with the test cable (5) is 0-18 GHz, the first cable joint (5-1) and the second cable joint (5-2) are SMA joints;

when the voltage signal connected with the test cable (5) is 0-4 gigahertz, the first cable connector (5-1) and the second cable connector (5-2) are coaxial cable clamp ring-shaped interface BNC connectors.

12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the second end is suspended by a second cable joint (5-2), the second end core (5-3) is insulated by a shielding layer (5-4), an insulating medium (5-5) is filled between the core (5-3) and the shielding layer (5-4), the outer layer of the second end is wrapped by a copper foil (5-6), and the copper foil (5-6) is connected with the shielding layer (5-4).

13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a processing guide rail (2-6) and a push-pull frame (2-7) are further arranged in the vacuum cavity (2) for loading and unloading the test cable and the electromagnetic field probe.

Technical Field

This document relates to, but is not limited to, electromagnetic pulse technology, and more particularly to an apparatus for measuring coupling current.

Background

The processes of nuclear explosion, laser inertial confinement fusion and the like can generate transient ionizing radiation, namely X rays; when the X-ray irradiates on the device cable, it interacts with the metal core wire and the metal shielding layer of the cable to generate photoelectrons, and deposits in the dielectric layer, and generates coupling current in the cable metal core wire, this effect is called cable system electromagnetic pulse, and the coupling current may cause noise interference to the device connected by the cable, even burn out and break down. With the increasing energy of large-scale scientific devices such as laser inertial confinement fusion and the like, the generated transient ionizing radiation is stronger and stronger, and the influence caused by electromagnetic pulse of a cable system is more and more not negligible. The method has the advantages that the intensity of the electromagnetic pulse of the cable system is accurately predicted, a relatively complete electromagnetic pulse database of the cable system is constructed, and the method has important significance for normal operation of equipment.

In order to accurately measure the electromagnetic pulse of the cable system, the coupling current of different cables under different X-ray irradiation needs to be accurately measured; the measurement of the coupling current needs an X-ray source, the X-ray source mostly adopts electron targeting at present, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation can be generated while generating X-rays, the electron beams and the electromagnetic radiation can both generate the coupling current on a cable, and the X-rays can generate electromagnetic pulses of a cavity system when acting on the cavity, which can interfere the measurement result of the coupling current.

How to improve the accuracy of measuring the coupling current of different cables under different X-ray irradiation becomes a problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

The embodiment of the invention provides a device for measuring coupling current, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the coupling current of a test cable 5.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for measuring a coupling current, including: the device comprises an X-ray source (1), a vacuum cavity (2), a signal transmission system (3) and an oscilloscope (4); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a light outlet of the X-ray source (1) is connected with the vacuum cavity (2), a first material plate (2-1) for shielding incident electromagnetic waves and a second material plate (2-2) for absorbing electron beams are sequentially arranged on a connected interface from the light outlet to the vacuum cavity (2), and the first material plate (2-1) is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity (2);

the inner wall of the vacuum cavity (2) is provided with a third material layer (2-3) for absorbing electron beams;

an X-ray source (1) emits X-rays (1-1) into a vacuum cavity (2), the incident direction of the X-rays (1-1) is vertical to the plane of a test cable (5) to be measured and placed in the vacuum cavity (2) and used for measuring coupling current, and the test cable (5) is connected with a signal transmission system (3) outside the vacuum cavity through an interface on the wall of the vacuum cavity (2);

the signal transmission system (3) is connected with the oscilloscope (4), and the oscilloscope (4) collects the cable current which is output through the signal transmission system (3) and used for coupling current analysis.

In one illustrative example, the X-ray source (1) comprises:

a continuous X-ray source CXR or a pulsed X-ray source FXR.

In an illustrative example, the energy of the X-rays (1-1) is between 1 kilo electron-volt keV and 1 MeV.

In one illustrative example, the first sheet of material (2-1) comprises: the metal plate has an atomic number smaller than a first preset value and a thickness of a first preset thickness.

In one illustrative example, the second sheet of material (2-2) comprises: the material plate has an atomic number smaller than a second preset value and a thickness of a second preset thickness;

wherein the second predetermined thickness is in the order of millimeters.

In an exemplary embodiment, a predetermined number of dose plates (6) for radiation dose measurement are applied to the test cable (5) in a predetermined distribution.

In one illustrative example, the signal transmission system (3) comprises:

an optical-electrical transmission system or a multilayer shielded cable transmission system;

wherein the multi-layer shielded cable transmission system comprises: a transmission system including a double-shielded wire or a triple-shielded wire.

In an exemplary embodiment, the test cable (5) is connected to the signal transmission system (3) via a flange (2-4) on the wall of the vacuum chamber (2).

In an exemplary embodiment, the flanges (2-4) circumscribe a Faraday cage (2-5) for composite shielding.

In an exemplary embodiment, a first end of the test cable (5) is connected with the oscilloscope (4) through a first cable connector (5-1), and a second end is suspended or terminated with a preset matching impedance through a second cable connector (5-2).

In one illustrative example:

when the voltage signal connected with the test cable (5) is 0-18 GHz, the first cable joint (5-1) and the second cable joint (5-2) are SMA joints;

when the voltage signal connected with the test cable (5) is 0-4 gigahertz, the first cable connector (5-1) and the second cable connector (5-2) are coaxial cable clamp ring-shaped interface BNC connectors.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the second end is suspended by the second cable joint (5-2), the second end core wire (5-3) is isolated by a shielding layer (5-4), an insulating medium (5-5) is filled between the core wire (5-3) and the shielding layer (5-4), the outer layer of the second end wraps a copper foil (5-6), and the copper foil (5-6) is connected with the shielding layer (5-4).

In an illustrative example, a processing guide rail (2-6) and a push-pull frame (2-7) are further arranged in the cavity of the vacuum cavity (2) and are used for loading and unloading a test cable and an electromagnetic field probe.

The technical scheme of the application includes: the device comprises an X-ray source 1, a vacuum cavity 2, a signal transmission system 3 and an oscilloscope 4; wherein, the light outlet of the X-ray source 1 is connected with the vacuum cavity 2, the connected interface is sequentially provided with a first material plate 2-1 for shielding incident electromagnetic waves and a second material plate 2-2 for absorbing electron beams from the light outlet to the vacuum cavity 2, and the first material plate 2-1 is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2; the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2 is provided with a third material layer 2-3 for absorbing electron beams; an X-ray source 1 emits X-rays 1-1 into a vacuum cavity 2, the incident direction of the X-rays 1-1 is vertical to the plane of a test cable 5 to be measured for coupling current, which is placed in the vacuum cavity 2, and the test cable 5 is connected with a signal transmission system 3 outside the vacuum cavity through an interface on the wall of the vacuum cavity 2; the signal transmission system 3 is connected with the oscilloscope 4, and the oscilloscope 4 collects the cable current which is output by the signal transmission system 3 and used for coupling current analysis. According to the embodiment of the invention, through the structural design of shielding electromagnetic waves and absorbing electron beams, the accuracy of the test of the coupling current of the test cable 5 is improved.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring coupling current according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lead-filled metal tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vacuum chamber according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for measuring a coupling current according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including: the device comprises an X-ray source 1, a vacuum cavity 2, a signal transmission system 3 and an oscilloscope 4; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the light outlet of the X-ray source 1 is connected with the vacuum cavity 2, the connected interface is sequentially provided with a first material plate 2-1 for shielding incident electromagnetic waves and a second material plate 2-2 for absorbing electron beams from the light outlet to the vacuum cavity 2, and the first material plate 2-1 is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2;

the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2 is provided with a third material layer 2-3 for absorbing electron beams;

an X-ray source 1 emits X-rays 1-1 into a vacuum cavity 2, the incident direction of the X-rays 1-1 is vertical to a plane formed by more than two test cables 5 to be measured with coupling current and placed in the vacuum cavity 2, and the test cables 5 are connected with a signal transmission system 3 outside the vacuum cavity through an interface on the cavity wall of the vacuum cavity 2;

the signal transmission system 3 is connected with the oscilloscope 4, and the oscilloscope 4 collects the cable current which is output by the signal transmission system 3 and used for coupling current analysis.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the connection between the light exit of the X-ray source 1 and the vacuum cavity 2 is physical connection, and the interface is a physically connected connection surface; when the first material sheet is attached to the inner wall, the first material sheet abuts the inner wall.

The technical scheme of the application includes: the device comprises an X-ray source 1, a vacuum cavity 2, a signal transmission system 3 and an oscilloscope 4; wherein, the light outlet of the X-ray source 1 is connected with the vacuum cavity 2, the connected interface is provided with a first material plate 2-1 which is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2 and is used for shielding incident electromagnetic waves, and a second material plate 2-2 which is used for absorbing electron beams is arranged between the first material plate 2-1 and the vacuum cavity 2; the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2 is provided with a third material layer 2-3 for absorbing electron beams; an X-ray source 1 emits X-rays 1-1 into a vacuum cavity 2, the incident direction of the X-rays 1-1 is vertical to the plane of a test cable 5 to be measured for coupling current, which is placed in the vacuum cavity 2, and the test cable 5 is connected with a signal transmission system 3 outside the vacuum cavity through an interface on the wall of the vacuum cavity 2; the signal transmission system 3 is connected with the oscilloscope 4, and the oscilloscope 4 collects the cable current which is output by the signal transmission system 3 and used for coupling current analysis. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first material plate 2-1 can reduce the attenuation of X-rays as far as possible while shielding incident electromagnetic waves; the vacuum cavity 2 is made of metal and generates photoelectrons under the irradiation of X-rays, the number of electrons emitted from the wall of the vacuum cavity into the cavity under the irradiation of the X-rays can be reduced through the third material layer 2-3, and the electromagnetic pulse of an excited cavity system is reduced. The cable current is transmitted to the signal transmission system 3 outside the cavity through the interface on the cavity wall, so as to reduce the coupling of the X-ray and the electromagnetic radiation on the transmission system. According to the embodiment of the invention, through the structural design of shielding electromagnetic waves and absorbing electron beams, the accuracy of the test of the coupling current of the test cable 5 is improved.

In an illustrative example, the X-ray source 1 in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

continuous X-ray sources (CXR) or pulsed X-ray sources (FXR).

The embodiment of the invention adopts the FXR as the X-ray source 1, the obtained rays have high dose, the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained signals is high, but the uncertainty of transient pulses is high, and the signals are easily interfered by the outside; CXR is used as the X-ray source 1, has the advantages of stable output, capability of being observed in a large time scale and capability of counteracting transient uncertainty, but has low ray dose and higher requirement on the precision of measuring equipment.

In an illustrative example, the energy of X-rays 1-1 in embodiments of the invention is between 1 kilo electron volt (keV) and 1 MeV.

In one illustrative example, the first material sheet 2-1 in an embodiment of the invention includes: the metal plate has an atomic number smaller than a first preset value and a thickness of a first preset thickness.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first preset value of the embodiment of the present invention can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the analysis requirement of shielding the incident electromagnetic wave; the first predetermined thickness may be 1-3 mm according to the actual X-ray energy and the electric field frequency.

In one illustrative example, the second material sheet 2-2 in an embodiment of the invention includes: the material plate has an atomic number smaller than a second preset value and a thickness of a second preset thickness;

wherein the second predetermined thickness is in the order of millimeters.

In one illustrative example, the second sheet of material 2-2 may be a sheet of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

In an exemplary embodiment, a predetermined number of dose plates 6 for radiation dose measurement are attached to the test cable 5 in a predetermined distribution.

In an exemplary embodiment, the dose sheets 6 in the embodiment of the present invention include thermoluminescent dose sheets 6, no less than 2 dose sheets 6 are uniformly attached to one test cable 5 according to the length, and the measured value of the radiation dose may be an average value of the measured values of the attached dose sheets 6.

In an illustrative example, the signal transmission system 3 in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

an optical-electrical transmission system or a multilayer shielded cable transmission system; wherein, multilayer shielding cable transmission system includes: a transmission system including a double-shielded wire or a triple-shielded wire.

If the test cable 5 and the oscilloscope 4 are connected by using a transmission line without shielding measures, great noise is brought, and great interference is caused to signals; in the embodiment of the invention, in order to reduce the interference coupling caused by the X-ray and the electromagnetic radiation on the signal transmission system 3, the signal shielding can be realized through a photoelectric transmission system or a multilayer shielding cable transmission system; the embodiment of the invention uses the photoelectric transmission system to convert the electric signal into the optical signal and transmit the optical signal by the optical fiber, thereby improving the anti-interference level; when a multi-layer shielded cable transmission system is used, the multi-layer shielded cable transmission system may include a transmission system of double-layer or triple-layer shielded wires by which electromagnetic coupling may be reduced.

In an illustrative example, the test cable 5 in the present embodiment is connected to the signal transmission system 3 via flanges 2-4 on the wall of the vacuum chamber 2.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the test cable 5 is connected to the signal transmission system 3 through the flange 2-4 on the cavity wall of the vacuum cavity 2, and the flange 2-4 comprises vacuum plug-in units such as a cable interface, an optical fiber interface and the like, so that the interference coupling caused by X-rays and electromagnetic radiation on the signal transmission system 3 can be reduced.

In an exemplary embodiment, the flanges 2-4 in embodiments of the present invention circumscribe Faraday cages 2-5 for composite shielding.

In an illustrative example, embodiments of the invention may use a lead-filled metal tube as faraday cages 2-5; in an illustrative example, a lead impregnated metal tube according to embodiments of the invention may be: the inner metal layer 2-5-1 and the outer metal layer 2-5-2 are respectively not less than 3 mm thick, and the inner lead layer is not less than 5 mm thick; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lead-filled metal tube according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, three layers of shielding cables and optical fibers may be inserted into the middle of the lead-filled metal tube 2-5 to reduce X-ray dose and electromagnetic pulse irradiated on the transmission line.

In an exemplary embodiment, the test cable 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is connected to the oscilloscope 4 at a first end through a first cable connector 5-1, and at a second end through a second cable connector 5-2, the test cable is suspended or terminated with a predetermined matching impedance.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the voltage signal connected to the test cable 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is 0 to 18 ghz, the first cable connector 5-1 and the second cable connector 5-2 are subminiature version a (SMA, SMA is an abbreviation of Sub-Miniature-a, and SMA connectors are collectively called SMA inverse male connectors, and are antenna connectors with internal threads and pins as internal contacts (one end of the wireless device is an external threaded and a pipe as internal contacts));

when the voltage signal connected by the test cable 5 is 0-4 gigahertz, the first cable connector 5-1 and the second cable connector 5-2 are coaxial cable snap ring interface (BNC, a coaxial cable connector) connectors.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the second end of the embodiment of the present invention is suspended by the second cable joint 5-2, the second end core 5-3 (not shown) is isolated by the shielding layer 5-4 (not shown), the insulating medium 5-5 (not shown) is filled between the core 5-3 and the shielding layer 5-4, the outer layer of the second end covers the copper foil 5-6 (not shown), and the copper foil 5-6 is connected with the shielding layer 5-4. The embodiment of the invention performs electromagnetic shielding through the processing.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the second end of the embodiment of the present invention is terminated with a predetermined matching impedance through the second cable connector 5-2, the cable connector having the matching impedance may be used to implement the termination of the matching impedance, and a matching resistor may be soldered between the core wire 5-3 of the second port and the shielding layer 5-4.

In an exemplary embodiment, the vacuum chamber 2 is further provided with processing rails 2-6 (not shown) and a push-pull rack 2-7 (not shown) for loading and unloading the test cable and the electromagnetic field probe.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, processing rails 2-6 (not shown) and push-pull frames 2-7 (not shown) are further disposed in the vacuum chamber 2, in an exemplary embodiment, a plastic disc with a slot is processed at the front end of the push-pull frame, a test cable 5 can be placed, and a magnetic field differential B-dot and an electric field differential D-dot electromagnetic field sensor, a photoelectric converter, and the like can be placed in the middle of the push-pull frame.

In an exemplary embodiment, the rear end of the push-pull frame is provided with a fixing bracket for placing a metal material.

In an exemplary embodiment, the material for manufacturing the vacuum chamber 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be aluminum.

In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the test cable 5 of the embodiment of the present invention may be several tens of centimeters, and may be adjusted according to the spot size of the X-ray source 1, the size of the vacuum chamber 2, and the measurement requirements.

"one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media or non-transitory media and communication media or transitory media. The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks, DVD, or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art. "