Experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration
阅读说明:本技术 一种测量重力加速度的实验装置 (Experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration ) 是由 文灵华 王庆波 于 2019-10-24 设计创作,主要内容包括:一种测量重力加速度的实验装置,包括顶面开口的箱体,箱体为透明材质,箱体的底面内壁中部固定安装支撑块,支撑块的两侧面分别开设有第一盲孔,第一盲孔的内部分别设有与之滑动配合的第一滑杆,两第一滑杆相向的一端分别通过第一弹簧连接对应第一盲孔的内壁,两第一滑杆相背的一端为斜面朝上的楔形面,支撑块的顶面固定安装支撑板,支撑板的前面开设有两个竖向且截面为T形的第一凹槽,第一凹槽的内部分别设有截面为T形的第一滑块。本发明可作为简易的天平用于实验时的实验物质量的粗略测量,提高了教学仪器的使用率,减小了教学资源的浪费,本发明操作简单,经济实用性、适合多种不同形式的教学使用,适用性好。(The utility model provides a measure acceleration of gravity's experimental apparatus, including top surface open-ended box, the box is transparent material, the bottom surface inner wall middle part fixed mounting supporting shoe of box, first blind hole has been seted up respectively to the both sides face of supporting shoe, the inside of first blind hole is equipped with the first slide bar of sliding fit with it respectively, two first slide bars one end in opposite directions correspond the inner wall of first blind hole through first spring coupling respectively, the one end that two first slide bars carried on the back mutually is inclined plane wedge face up, the top surface fixed mounting backup pad of supporting shoe, the preceding first recess of two vertical and cross-sections for T shapes of seting up of backup pad, the inside of first recess is equipped with the first slider that the cross-section is T shape respectively. The invention can be used as a simple balance for roughly measuring the quality of an experiment substance during the experiment, improves the utilization rate of a teaching instrument, reduces the waste of teaching resources, has simple operation, economical practicability, is suitable for teaching in various forms, and has good applicability.)
1. The utility model provides a measure acceleration of gravity's experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the box comprises a box body (1) with an opening on the top surface, the box body (1) is made of transparent materials, a supporting block (2) is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the bottom surface of the box body (1), two side surfaces of the supporting block (2) are respectively provided with a first blind hole (4), a first sliding rod (5) in sliding fit with the first blind hole (4) is respectively arranged in the first blind hole (4), one opposite end of the two first sliding rods (5) is respectively connected with the inner wall corresponding to the first blind hole (4) through a first spring, one end opposite to the other end of the two first sliding rods (5) is a wedge-shaped surface with an upward inclined surface, a supporting plate (3) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the supporting block (2), two vertical first grooves (6) with T-shaped cross sections are formed in the front surface of the supporting plate (3), first sliding blocks (7) with T-shaped cross sections are respectively arranged in the first grooves (6), the top surfaces, the bottom surfaces of the first sliding blocks (7) are respectively connected with the peripheries of the adjacent first sliding rods (5) through ropes, the front surfaces of the two first sliding blocks (7) are respectively fixedly connected with the back surfaces of the pressing plates (8), the opposite side surfaces of the two pressing plates (8) are wedge-shaped surfaces with upward inclined surfaces, a timing device (22) and a clamping device are respectively arranged below the two pressing plates (8), the bottom surfaces of the two pressing plates (8) are respectively in contact fit with a timing switch knob of the timing device (22), the clamping device is respectively in contact fit with the peripheries of the corresponding timing devices (22), second grooves (9) with T-shaped sections are respectively formed in the inner walls of the opposite sides of the two first grooves (6), the interiors of the second grooves (9) are respectively communicated with the front space of the supporting plate (3), second sliding blocks (10) with T-shaped sections are respectively arranged in the interiors of the second grooves (9), and the opposite ends of the two second sliding blocks (10) are respectively connected with the inner walls of the corresponding second grooves (9) through third springs, the front surfaces of the two second sliding blocks (10) are respectively fixedly connected with the peripheries of the pressing rods (11), the bottom surfaces of the two pressing rods (11) are inclined planes and are in contact fit with the wedge-shaped surfaces of the adjacent pressing plates (8), the front surface of the supporting plate (3) is provided with a vertical through groove (12), a first screw (13) is arranged inside the through groove (12), the front surface of the first screw (13) is fixedly connected with the periphery of a sleeve (14), the periphery of the sleeve (14) is in contact fit with the front surface of the supporting plate (3), the periphery of the bottom of the sleeve (14) is provided with two through grooves (16), the inside of the sleeve (14) is provided with two second sliding rods (15) in sliding fit with the sleeve, the opposite side surfaces of the two second sliding rods (15) are connected through fourth springs, the periphery of the two second sliding rods (15) is respectively and fixedly connected with the fixed ends of the telescopic rods (17), and the movable ends of the telescopic rods (17) are, the side surfaces of the two second sliding rods (15) facing back are respectively provided with a clamping hand, the back of the first screw (13) is provided with a third blind hole (19) along the axial direction of the first screw, a power rod (20) in sliding fit with the third blind hole is arranged inside the third blind hole (19), the front of the power rod (20) is connected with the front of the inner wall of the third blind hole (19) through a fifth spring, the front of the power rod (20) is connected with the opposite side surfaces of the two second sliding rods (15) through a thread rope, the periphery of the rear end of the first screw (13) is provided with a first thread sleeve (21) in threaded fit with the first thread sleeve, and the front of the first thread sleeve (21) is in contact fit with the back of the supporting plate (3).
2. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the timing device (22) is a digital stopwatch with the accuracy of 0.01 second, a timing switch key of the digital stopwatch is in contact fit with the bottom surface of the corresponding pressing plate (8), and the side periphery of the digital stopwatch is in contact fit with the corresponding clamping device.
3. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping device is composed of two coaxial second threaded sleeves (24) and two third screw rods (25), the peripheries of the second threaded sleeves (24) are fixedly connected with the front of the supporting plate (3) respectively, the second threaded sleeves (24) are located between the supporting block (2) and the corresponding pressing plate (8), the insides of the two second threaded sleeves (24) are in threaded fit with the third screw rods (25) respectively, and the opposite side faces of the third screw rods (25) are in contact fit with the periphery of the timing device (22).
4. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: second blind hole (26) have been seted up respectively to the top surface of depression bar (11), the expansion end of telescopic link (17) can slide in second blind hole (26) that correspond respectively, penetrating second screw (27) have been seted up respectively to the side week of second blind hole (26), the inside of second screw (27) is equipped with screw-thread fit's bolt (28) respectively, the one end of bolt (28) respectively with correspond the expansion end periphery contact cooperation of telescopic link (17).
5. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the box body (1) and the wedge-shaped surfaces of the two first slide bars (5) are respectively provided with a soft rubber protective layer.
6. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the tight hand of clamp respectively by two horizontally step up board (29), two gag lever post (30) are constituteed, the one end of step up board (29) articulates the one end at adjacent second slide bar (15) middle part dorsad respectively, the side of two step up board (29) back of the body articulates the one end of corresponding gag lever post (30) respectively, the other end of gag lever post (30) articulates the side of adjacent sleeve (14) respectively, two step up board (29), the distribution of two gag lever post (30) symmetry is in the both sides of sleeve (14) horizontal central line, the arc wall has been seted up respectively to two step up board (19) side in opposite directions, be equipped with the rubber protection layer in the arc wall.
7. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the front of the supporting block (2) and the front of the supporting plate (3) are respectively provided with height measuring scale marks.
8. The experimental apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of a supporting rod (18) is hinged to the inner walls of the two sides of the box body (1) respectively, the top ends of the supporting rods (18) are fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the horizontal plate (31) respectively, the periphery of each supporting rod (18) is hinged to the top end of a push rod (32) respectively, the bottom ends of the push rods (32) are hinged to one ends, close to the first slide rods (5), of the first slide rods (5) and deviated from the middle of the box body (1) respectively, and rubber layers are arranged on the top surfaces of the two horizontal plates.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measuring instruments, and particularly relates to an experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration.
Background
The gravity acceleration is also called as the acceleration of the free falling body, and occupies an important position in the teaching of physical experiments, the measuring method is to measure the distance and the time of the movement of the free falling body and calculate the gravity acceleration according to the formula of h & ltv & gt 0t + gt2/2, while the measuring device for the current experiment teaching usually adopts a dotting timer, a photoelectric door timing or a manual timing on the time measurement, the timing precision of the manual timing is low, the dotting timer timing needs to convert the time by points punched on a paper tape, the calculation is complicated, the paper tape is used twice at most, the resource is wasted, the teaching cost is high, although a photoelectric door instrument has high detection precision, the equipment is expensive, the economic practicability is poor, the traditional gravity acceleration experimental device has single performance, only can measure the gravity acceleration of one experimental falling body at a time, and can not carry out comparison experiments on a plurality of experimental falling bodies at the same time, the teaching intuition nature of contrast experiment is poor, and experimental apparatus can only measure the acceleration most and can only use at the teaching stage of acceleration promptly, and long-time idle has caused the waste of teaching resource to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration, which is used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration comprises a box body with an opening on the top surface, the box body is made of transparent materials, a supporting block is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the bottom surface of the box body, first blind holes are respectively formed in two side surfaces of the supporting block, first slide rods in sliding fit with the first blind holes are respectively arranged in the first blind holes, opposite ends of the two first slide rods are respectively connected with the inner wall of the corresponding first blind holes through first springs, opposite ends of the two first slide rods are wedge-shaped surfaces with upward inclined surfaces, a supporting plate is fixedly installed on the top surface of the supporting block, two vertical first grooves with T-shaped cross sections are formed in the front of the supporting plate, first slide blocks with T-shaped cross sections are respectively arranged in the first grooves, the top surfaces of the first slide blocks are respectively connected with the top surfaces of the inner walls of the corresponding first grooves through second springs, the bottom surfaces of the first slide blocks are respectively connected with the peripheries of the adjacent first slide, the opposite side surfaces of the two press plates are wedge-shaped surfaces with upward inclined surfaces, a timing device and a clamping device are respectively arranged below the two press plates, the bottom surfaces of the two press plates are respectively in contact fit with a timing switch knob of the timing device, the clamping device is respectively in contact fit with the periphery of the corresponding timing device, second grooves with T-shaped sections are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the opposite sides of the two first grooves, the interiors of the second grooves are communicated with the front space of the support plate, second sliders with T-shaped sections are respectively arranged inside the second grooves, the opposite ends of the two second sliders are respectively connected with the inner walls of the corresponding second grooves through third springs, the peripheries of the press rods are respectively and fixedly connected with the front surfaces of the two second sliders, the bottom surfaces of the two press rods are inclined surfaces and are in contact fit with the wedge-shaped surfaces of the adjacent press plates, vertical through grooves are arranged on the front surfaces of the support plate, and first, the front of the first screw is fixedly connected with the periphery of a sleeve, the periphery of the sleeve is in contact fit with the front of a support plate, the periphery of the bottom of the sleeve is provided with two through grooves, two second slide bars in sliding fit with the sleeve are arranged in the sleeve, the opposite side surfaces of the two second slide bars are connected through a fourth spring, the peripheries of the two second slide bars are respectively and fixedly connected with the fixed end of a telescopic rod, the movable end of the telescopic rod is respectively and movably connected with the top surfaces of corresponding press bars, the back side surfaces of the two second slide bars are respectively provided with a clamping hand, the back surface of the first screw is provided with a third blind hole along the axial direction of the first screw, a power rod in sliding fit with the third blind hole is arranged in the third blind hole, the front surface of the power rod is connected with the front surface of the inner wall of the third blind hole through a fifth spring, the front surface of the power rod is respectively connected with the opposite side surfaces, the front surface of the first thread sleeve is in contact fit with the rear surface of the support plate.
The experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration is a digital stopwatch with the accuracy of 0.01 second, a timing switch key of the digital stopwatch is in contact fit with the bottom surface of the corresponding pressure plate, and the side periphery of the digital stopwatch is in contact fit with the corresponding clamping device.
According to the experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration, the clamping device is respectively composed of the two coaxial second threaded sleeves and the two third screw rods, the peripheries of the second threaded sleeves are respectively and fixedly connected with the front of the supporting plate, the second threaded sleeves are located between the supporting block and the corresponding pressing plate, the interiors of the two second threaded sleeves are respectively in threaded fit with one third screw rod, and the opposite side surfaces of the third screw rods are in contact fit with the periphery of the timing device.
As above, the top surface of the pressure lever is respectively provided with the second blind holes, the movable ends of the telescopic rods can respectively slide in the corresponding second blind holes, the side peripheries of the second blind holes are respectively provided with the penetrating second screw holes, the inner parts of the second screw holes are respectively provided with the bolts in threaded fit, and one ends of the bolts are respectively in contact fit with the peripheries of the movable ends of the corresponding telescopic rods.
According to the experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration, the inner wall of the box body and the wedge-shaped surfaces of the two first sliding rods are respectively provided with the soft rubber protective layers.
The experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration comprises two horizontal clamping plates and two limiting rods, wherein one end of each clamping plate is hinged to one end of the middle part of the sleeve in the back direction of the adjacent second sliding rod, the two sides of the clamping plates in the back direction are hinged to one ends of the corresponding limiting rods respectively, the other ends of the limiting rods are hinged to the side surfaces of the adjacent sleeves respectively, the two clamping plates and the two limiting rods are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the transverse central line of the sleeve, arc grooves are formed in the opposite side surfaces of the two clamping plates respectively, and rubber protective layers are arranged in the arc grooves.
According to the experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration, the front of the supporting block and the front of the supporting plate are respectively provided with the height measuring scale marks.
According to the experimental device for measuring the gravitational acceleration, the inner walls of the two sides of the box body are respectively hinged with the bottom ends of the supporting rods, the top ends of the supporting rods are respectively and fixedly connected with the middle part of the bottom surface of the horizontal plate, the periphery of the supporting rods is respectively hinged with the top end of the push rod, the bottom ends of the push rods are respectively hinged with one end, away from the middle part of the box body, of the adjacent first slide rod, and the top surfaces of the two horizontal plates are respectively provided with the rubber layer.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a gravity acceleration experimental device with detachable components, wherein before use, an operator connects two telescopic rods with corresponding pressure rods movably, then rotates a first screw sleeve to separate the front of the first screw sleeve from the back of a support plate, then moves a first screw rod to enable the first screw rod to slide to a required experimental position along a through groove vertically, then rotates the first screw sleeve reversely again to enable the front of the first screw sleeve to be in contact fit with the back of the support plate again, namely the position of a sleeve is fixed, in the process, the two telescopic rods limit the swinging of the sleeve and enable the axis of the sleeve to be horizontal, the operator slides a pressure plate upwards respectively and places a timing device on the top surface of a support table, at the moment, the bottom surfaces of the pressure plates are in contact with the top surfaces of timing switches of the corresponding timing devices respectively, and the operator controls corresponding clamping and fastening timing devices respectively, then the operator controls the clamping hands to clamp the corresponding experimental falling body, when the experimental falling body clamp is used, the operator presses the power rod forwards, the fifth spring compresses and stores energy, at the moment, the fourth spring releases and stores energy to drive the two second sliding rods to move backwards, the two second sliding rods respectively drive the corresponding clamping hands to open, the experimental falling body loses binding force and starts to move freely, meanwhile, the two second sliding rods respectively drive the corresponding telescopic rods to move backwards, the two telescopic rods respectively drive the corresponding pressure rods to move away from the vertical central line of the supporting plate, the two pressure rods respectively drive the pressure plates matched with the pressure rods to move downwards, the pressure plates press the timing switches of the corresponding timing devices to start timing, when the experimental falling body is contacted with the wedge-shaped surfaces of the corresponding first sliding rods, the experimental falling body drives the corresponding first sliding rods to move towards one side of the vertical central line of the supporting plate, the first slide bar pulls the corresponding first slide block to slide downwards through the cord, the first slide block drives the corresponding press plate to move downwards, the press plate presses the timing switch of the corresponding timing device again to stop timing, at the moment, the first spring corresponding to the first slide bar contracts to store energy, the second spring corresponding to the first slide block extends to store energy, after an operator takes away an experimental falling body, the first spring and the second spring release the energy to respectively drive the corresponding first slide bar and the first slide block to recover the initial state, the operator measures the displacement of the experimental falling body and reads the time of the timing device, the gravitational acceleration of the experimental falling body can be obtained through simple calculation, and similarly, the operator can realize the gravitational acceleration measurement of the experimental falling bodies with different heights by adjusting the height of the sleeve from the top surface of the supporting block, and the invention can also carry out simultaneous experiments on the two experimental falling bodies, the comparison experiment of two different experimental falling bodies has strong intuition, the same experimental falling body adopts two simultaneous experiments, which is beneficial to improving the experiment precision and efficiency, and the experiment persuasion is strong, the invention only needs one person to carry out the whole experiment process without the assistance of other people, saves manpower, avoids the influence of the reflection error on the experiment when two persons cooperate, and is beneficial to improving the experiment precision, when the invention is not used as a gravity acceleration detection device, an operator can remove a timing device, for example, the timing device can be used for daily teaching of a teacher, the operator can retract a telescopic rod to an initial state, the operator loosens a screw sleeve to enable a first screw rod to be positioned at the bottom of a through groove, and when the first screw rod can rotate in the through groove, the invention can be used as a simple balance for rough measurement of the experimental substance quantity during the experiment, and improves the utilization rate of teaching instruments, the invention reduces the waste of teaching resources, has simple operation, economical practicability, is suitable for teaching in various forms, and has good applicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention, fig. 2 is a view taken along direction a of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1, and fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1, ii.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An experimental device for measuring gravitational acceleration comprises a
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the clamping device according to the present embodiment is respectively composed of two coaxial second threaded
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the top surface of the
Furthermore, the experimental falling body is in hard contact with the surfaces of the corresponding first sliding rods 5 and the
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 2, the clamping hand according to this embodiment is respectively composed of two
Furthermore, the front surface of the supporting
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 1, the inner walls of the two sides of the
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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