阅读说明：本技术 一种降雨量传感器 (Rainfall sensor ) 是由 朱力强 于 2018-08-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种降雨量传感器,涉及电子技术领域,包括：外壳,压电振子,信号处理电路和处理器,其中,信号处理电路相连接分别与压电振子和处理器相连接,压电振子设置在外壳的内部,且压电振子中包括多个并联连接的压电传感元件；外壳的外壁用于在受到雨滴撞击时发生弹性形变,产生机械振动信号；压电振子用于获取机械振动信号,并将机械振动信号转换为电信号,以及将电信号发送给信号处理电路；信号处理电路用于对电信号进行信号处理,得到直流脉冲信号；处理器用于将直流脉冲信号中的峰值电压转换为每个雨滴的体积,并对全部雨滴的体积进行加和处理,得到降雨量。本发明解决了现有的降雨量传感器测量精确度较低的技术问题。(The invention provides a rainfall sensor, which relates to the technical field of electronics and comprises the following components: the piezoelectric sensor comprises a shell, a piezoelectric vibrator, a signal processing circuit and a processor, wherein the signal processing circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator and the processor respectively; the outer wall of the shell is used for generating elastic deformation when being impacted by raindrops to generate a mechanical vibration signal; the piezoelectric vibrator is used for acquiring a mechanical vibration signal, converting the mechanical vibration signal into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the signal processing circuit; the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out signal processing on the electric signal to obtain a direct current pulse signal; the processor is used for converting the peak voltage in the direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop and summing the volumes of all the raindrops to obtain the rainfall. The invention solves the technical problem of lower measurement accuracy of the existing rainfall sensor.)

1. A rainfall sensor, comprising: the piezoelectric sensor comprises a shell, a piezoelectric vibrator, a signal processing circuit and a processor, wherein the signal processing circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator and the processor respectively;

the shell is used for generating elastic deformation when being impacted by raindrops to generate a mechanical vibration signal;

the piezoelectric vibrator is used for acquiring the mechanical vibration signal, converting the mechanical vibration signal into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the signal processing circuit;

the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out signal processing on the electric signal to obtain a direct current pulse signal;

the processor is used for converting the peak voltage in the direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop and summing the volumes of all raindrops to obtain rainfall.

2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric sensing element is uniformly attached to the inner wall of the housing at a predetermined distance.

3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the housing is made of a metallic material.

4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit comprises: the piezoelectric vibrator and the processor are respectively connected with the first signal processing circuit and the second signal processing circuit;

the first signal processing circuit is used for carrying out signal processing on the electric signal to obtain a first direct current pulse signal;

the second signal processing circuit is used for processing the electric signal to obtain a second direct current pulse signal.

5. The sensor of claim 4, wherein the first signal processing circuit comprises: the piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first signal amplifying circuit, a first band-pass filter circuit and a first effective value converter, wherein the first band-pass filter circuit is respectively connected with the first signal amplifying circuit and the first effective value converter, the first signal amplifying circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator, and the first effective value converter is connected with the processor;

the first signal amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal according to a first preset multiple to obtain a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the first band-pass filter circuit;

the first band-pass filter circuit is used for filtering the first electric signal to obtain a first vibration pulse signal;

the first effective value converter is used for converting the first vibration pulse signal into the first direct current pulse signal.

6. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the first effective value converter converts the first shaking pulse signal into the first DC pulse signal by a root mean square conversion method.

7. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the second signal processing circuit comprises: the piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first signal amplifying circuit, a first band-pass filter circuit and a first effective value converter, wherein the first signal amplifying circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator, and the first effective value converter is connected with the processor;

the second signal amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal according to a second preset multiple to obtain a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the second band-pass filter circuit, wherein the first preset multiple is smaller than the second preset multiple;

the second band-pass filter circuit is used for filtering the second electric signal to obtain a second vibration pulse signal;

the second effective value converter is used for converting the second vibration pulse signal into the second direct current pulse signal.

8. The sensor according to claim 7, wherein the second effective value converter converts the second vibration pulse signal into the second direct current pulse signal by a root mean square conversion method.

9. The sensor of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:

acquiring the first direct current pulse signal and the second direct current pulse signal, and judging whether the second direct current pulse signal is truncated;

if the second direct current pulse signal is truncated, converting the peak voltage in the first direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop, and adding the volumes of all raindrops to obtain rainfall;

and if the second direct current pulse signal is not topped, converting the peak voltage in the second direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop, and adding the volumes of all raindrops to obtain the rainfall.

10. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the processor further comprises:

and the bus interface is an RS232 bus interface and is used for connecting the processor with an upper computer so that the processor sends the rainfall to the upper computer through the RS232 bus interface.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a rainfall sensor.

Background

The existing rainfall measuring instrument based on the vibration method is divided into a magnetoelectric type and a piezoelectric type according to the measuring principle, and the rainfall measuring instrument based on the magnetoelectric type has the advantages of heavy weight, high power consumption and high cost, and is not suitable for large-batch engineering application. The main problem that current piezoelectric type precipitation measuring instrument exists is difficult to guarantee to have higher measurement accuracy to heavy rain, light rain and rainfall microcosmic characteristic. For example, piezoelectric rainfall sensors cannot obtain a uniform vibration response across the entire sensing area, causing errors in individual raindrop measurements; the sensor sensitivity is insufficient, which makes it difficult to accurately measure the size of the smaller raindrops; and in the measurement of heavy rainfall, two raindrop signals acquired at short time intervals are easy to be mixed, so that the limitations of measurement errors and the like are caused.

In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a rainfall sensor to solve the technical problem that the existing rainfall sensor has low sensitivity and cannot accurately measure the volume of a raindrop with a small volume.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rainfall sensor, including: the piezoelectric sensor comprises a shell, a piezoelectric vibrator, a signal processing circuit and a processor, wherein the signal processing circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator and the processor respectively; the shell is used for generating elastic deformation when being impacted by raindrops to generate a mechanical vibration signal; the piezoelectric vibrator is used for acquiring the mechanical vibration signal, converting the mechanical vibration signal into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the signal processing circuit; the signal processing circuit is used for carrying out signal processing on the electric signal to obtain a direct current pulse signal; the processor is used for converting the peak voltage in the direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop and summing the volumes of all raindrops to obtain rainfall.

Furthermore, the piezoelectric sensing element is uniformly attached to the inner wall of the shell according to a preset distance.

Further, the signal processing circuit includes: the piezoelectric vibrator and the processor are respectively connected with the first signal processing circuit and the second signal processing circuit; the first signal processing circuit is used for carrying out signal processing on the electric signal to obtain a first direct current pulse signal; the second signal processing circuit is used for processing the electric signal to obtain a second direct current pulse signal.

Further, the first signal processing circuit includes: the piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first signal amplifying circuit, a first band-pass filter circuit and a first effective value converter, wherein the first band-pass filter circuit is respectively connected with the first signal amplifying circuit and the first effective value converter, the first signal amplifying circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator, and the first effective value converter is connected with the processor; the first signal amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal according to a first preset multiple to obtain a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the first band-pass filter circuit; the first band-pass filter circuit is used for filtering the first electric signal to obtain a first vibration pulse signal; the first effective value converter is used for converting the first vibration pulse signal into the first direct current pulse signal.

Further, the first effective value converter converts the first vibration pulse signal into the first direct current pulse signal by a root mean square conversion method.

Further, the second signal processing circuit includes: the piezoelectric vibrator comprises a first signal amplifying circuit, a first band-pass filter circuit and a first effective value converter, wherein the first signal amplifying circuit is connected with the piezoelectric vibrator, and the first effective value converter is connected with the processor;

the second signal amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal according to a second preset multiple to obtain a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the second band-pass filter circuit, wherein the first preset multiple is smaller than the second preset multiple; the second band-pass filter circuit is used for filtering the second electric signal to obtain a second vibration pulse signal; the second effective value converter is used for converting the second vibration pulse signal into the second direct current pulse signal.

Further, the second effective value converter converts the second vibration pulse signal into the second direct current pulse signal by a root mean square conversion method.

Further, the processor is further configured to: acquiring the first direct current pulse signal and the second direct current pulse signal, and judging whether the second direct current pulse signal is truncated; if the second direct current pulse signal is truncated, converting the peak voltage in the first direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop, and adding the volumes of all raindrops to obtain rainfall; and if the second direct current pulse signal is not topped, converting the peak voltage in the second direct current pulse signal into the volume of each raindrop, and adding the volumes of all raindrops to obtain the rainfall.

Further, the processor further comprises: and the bus interface is an RS232 bus interface and is used for connecting the processor with an upper computer so that the processor sends the rainfall to the upper computer through the RS232 bus interface.

In the embodiment of the invention, a vibration signal generated by the raindrops impacting on the shell is converted into an electric signal through the piezoelectric vibrator comprising a plurality of piezoelectric sensing elements connected in parallel, then the electric signal is processed through the signal processing circuit to obtain a direct current pulse signal, finally, the peak voltage in the direct current pulse signal is converted into the volume of each raindrop through the processor, and the volumes of all the raindrops are added and processed to obtain the rainfall.

According to the description, as the piezoelectric vibrators comprise the plurality of piezoelectric sensing elements connected in parallel, when raindrops impact the shell, the shell is elastically deformed to generate mechanical vibration signals, and the piezoelectric vibrators can obtain more uniform mechanical vibration signals, so that the influence of the boundary effect on the sensor during rainfall detection is reduced, the measurement accuracy of the rainfall sensor is improved, the technical problem that the measurement accuracy of the existing rainfall sensor is lower is solved, and the size of the raindrops with smaller size can be accurately measured.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a rainfall sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of another rainfall sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of another rainfall sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a first signal processing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is an effect diagram of a rainfall sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of an original electrical signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of an electrical signal after an effective value of the original electrical signal is calculated according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a distance between a raindrop impact position and a position in a housing and an electromechanical conversion coefficient in a rainfall sensor including a single piezoelectric sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a distance between a raindrop impact position and a position in a housing and an electromechanical conversion coefficient in a rainfall sensor including a plurality of piezoelectric sensing units according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the peak voltage summation statistics of various dc pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a rainfall statistic measured by the skip bucket rain gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a comparison graph of rainfall statistic data measured by a rainfall sensor and rainfall statistic data measured by a dump bucket rainfall gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a simulated waveform diagram of a mechanical vibration signal generated after two consecutive raindrops hit the housing under three conditions provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of effective value signals of corresponding direct current pulse signals generated after two consecutive raindrops overlap and impact a rainfall sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of the distribution of all the raindrops particle sizes collected by the rainfall sensor in the simulation provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of all the raindrops collected by the rainfall sensor in the actual measurement situation according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.