阅读说明：本技术 基于冻胀力的加压装置 (Pressure device based on frost heaving force ) 是由 黄炳香 蔡青旺 陈树亮 赵兴龙 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于冻胀力的加压装置,包括：壳体和顺序冷冻装置；壳体的内部为空腔结构且对称设有用于膨胀液溢出的贯穿孔；在贯穿孔处设有相对壳体中心直线运动的扩张部,扩张部一端与贯穿孔处的膨胀液接触；壳体内的空腔通过膨胀液进液口与外部膨胀液灌装设备连接,壳体两侧对称设置着与壳体空腔相通的冷冻管；在远离扩张部的冷冻管上对称的设有顺序冷冻装置；顺序冷冻装置的冷冻方向从远离扩张部的冷冻管开始,至壳体扩张部的设置处结束；顺序冷冻装置包括：介质入口、介质冷冻部以及介质出口。有益效果：本发明通过顺序冷冻的方式让冷冻后的体积膨胀变得有目的性,利用该膨胀的体积为破碎岩石或岩石封孔提供了新思路、新方案。(The invention discloses a pressure device based on frost heaving force, which comprises: a housing and a sequential freezer; the interior of the shell is of a cavity structure and is symmetrically provided with through holes for overflowing of expansion liquid; an expansion part which moves linearly relative to the center of the shell is arranged at the through hole, and one end of the expansion part is contacted with the expansion liquid at the through hole; the cavity in the shell is connected with external expansion liquid filling equipment through an expansion liquid inlet, and freezing pipes communicated with the cavity of the shell are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the shell; sequential freezing devices are symmetrically arranged on the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part; the freezing direction of the sequential freezing device starts from the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part and ends at the arrangement position of the expansion part of the shell; the sequential freezing device comprises: a medium inlet, a medium freezing part and a medium outlet. Has the advantages that: the invention changes the volume expansion after freezing into purposiveness by a sequential freezing mode, and provides a new idea and a new scheme for broken rocks or rock hole sealing by utilizing the expanded volume.)

1. A frost-heave force-based compression device, comprising: a rigid shell and a sequential freezer;

the interior of the shell is of a cavity structure and is symmetrically provided with through holes for overflowing of expansion liquid; an expansion part which moves linearly relative to the center of the shell is arranged at the through hole, and one end of the expansion part which moves linearly is contacted with the expansion liquid at the through hole; the cavity in the shell is connected with external expansion liquid filling equipment through an expansion liquid inlet, and freezing pipes communicated with the cavity of the shell are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the shell;

sequential freezing devices are symmetrically arranged on the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part; the freezing direction of the sequential freezing device starts from a freezing pipe far away from the expansion part and ends at the arrangement position of the expansion part of the shell;

the sequential freezing device includes: a medium inlet for flowing in the low-temperature medium, a spiral medium freezing part connected with the medium inlet, and a medium outlet for flowing out the high-temperature medium.

2. The frost-force-based pressurization device of claim 1, wherein: the housing includes: the refrigerator comprises a first shell (A1) with a circular outer contour and a hollow first freezing pipe (A11) which is symmetrically communicated and connected with the first shell (A1); a through hole is transversely and symmetrically arranged in the center of the first shell (A1), and a first expansion part (A3) which linearly slides relative to the circular center of the first shell (A1) is arranged in the through hole; a sequential freezing device is arranged on the first freezing pipe (A11) far away from the first expansion part (A3);

the sequential freezing device includes: a first medium inlet (A51) for inflow of a low temperature medium, a spiral first freezing section (A52) and a first medium outlet (A53) for outflow of a high temperature medium; the first medium inlets (A51) are arranged on the outer wall of the first freezing pipe (A11) which is farthest away from the through hole;

one end of the first freezing pipe (A11) is a first liquid inlet (A4) of a first expansion liquid (A2).

3. The frost-force-based pressurization device of claim 2, wherein: the first expansion part (A3) is integrally T-shaped, and the free end of the first expansion part is an arc-shaped plate which is adaptive to the drilled hole.

4. The frost-force-based pressurization device of claim 1, wherein: the housing includes: two circular second housings (B1), and the center of the second housing (B1) is fixed by a second freezing pipe (B11); an elastic second expansion part (B3) is connected between the outer edges of the two second shells (B1), and the moving direction of the second expansion part (B3) is linearly diverged from the second freezing pipe (B11) at the center of the second shell (B1) to the periphery; a cavity enclosed among the second expansion part (B3), the second shell (B1) and the second freezing pipe (B11) is filled with a second expansion liquid (B2), and the second expansion liquid (B2) is communicated with the outside through a second liquid inlet (B4);

the outer surface of the second freezing pipe (B11) is wound around a plurality of spiral second freezing parts (B52) in the second expansion part (B3), and both ends of all the second freezing parts (B52) are connected in parallel with a second medium inlet (B51) penetrating the second housing (B1) and flowing in a low temperature medium and a second medium outlet (B53) flowing out a high temperature medium, respectively.

5. The frost-force-based pressurization device of claim 4, wherein: the second freezing pipe (B11) is a hollow pipe, and an insulating layer (B6) is arranged between the second freezing part (B52) and the outer wall of the second freezing pipe (B11).

6. The frost-force-based pressing apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the material of the second expansion part (B3) is an elastic material with low temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity.

7. The frost-force-based pressurization device of claim 6, wherein: the material of the second expansion part (B3) is elastic cold-resistant heat-insulating rubber.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of mines, in particular to a pressurizing device based on frost heaving force.

Background

Water, a substance with frost heaving property, changes phase state from liquid state to solid state when temperature is reduced, and the phenomenon of volume increase in the process is called frost heaving. After the same number of moles of water molecules are converted from liquid state to solid state, the volume growth rate is about 11%. During the process of frost heaving, the water decreases in density and the solid portion that continues to grow is called the frost heavies. If the surrounding medium restricts the volume increase of the water during freezing, the frost heave of the water exerts a normal force on the surrounding medium perpendicular to the surface of the frost heave, called frost heave force.

The frost heaving force is based on intermolecular forces, and if the surrounding medium provides enough volume boundary limitation in the growth process of the frost heaving body, the recorded frost heaving force can be as high as hundreds of megapascals, and the high-strength material such as concrete, steel pipes and the like can be burst. The uneven deformation of the construction object caused in the engineering usually appears as a harmful side: for example, causing deformation of the building foundation, breaking of the road structure, cracking of the wall of the water diversion canal, etc. Therefore, the characteristic that the frost heaving force can generate high pressure is not fully utilized. The known patents and documents about the frost heaving force mainly focus on the measurement of real simulation and related parameters of the frost heaving and thawing-sinking damage process of the water-bearing rock soil, and the frost heaving force is not used as a pressurized power source to be applied to places which need high pressure to work in construction, such as high-pressure hole sealing, high-pressure rock breaking and the like.

In the current rock breaking and hole sealing operation, high pressure requirements generally exist. The high pressure obtained by the pressurizing device or method is mainly converted into positive pressure required for static friction, fluid pressure or directly applied as solid pressure. In the application occasion of high pressure, the similar friction hole sealing and the like do not need pressure to have a stroke, and the similar rock breaking and other fields need a certain stroke to do work besides a higher pressure value.

In the existing method for increasing the pressure by a booster pump, firstly, the booster pump increases the pressure of the fluid by mechanically compressing the fluid to obtain high-pressure fluid. The pump capable of generating high pressure in the booster pump is called a high-pressure pump. However, the higher the pressure, the more demanding the equipment is, and the danger of pipe explosion also exists. The high-pressure pump is fixed in shape and difficult to integrate with other devices, and the pump with stronger supercharging capacity has high requirements on material strength and process and is difficult to manufacture; and the mechanical property is unstable under the working conditions with severe conditions such as areas with difficult energy and power supply, plateau cold areas and the like.

In the conventional method for increasing the pressure of the explosive, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the conventional explosive in the explosion process acts on the surrounding medium, so that high-pressure gas is obtained; there are also special explosives which achieve high pressure by expanding in volume, squeezing the surrounding medium. However, the explosive has great potential safety hazard and high management cost, and is a disposable product, and the explosive product is harmful to the environment. For the conventional explosive, the time for obtaining high pressure is short, and the direction is not controllable. And explosive use is specially regulated, and the service field is not many.

Chinese patent CN 21200664 discloses a freezing type rock cracker, which uses ice to freeze the device on the rock surface for fixing and sealing, and uses the freezing expansion to generate pulling force on the rock surface, so that the rock is split along the slot prefabricated on the rock surface. However, the device for breaking rock by using tensile force is only suitable for flat rock surfaces, the freezing sequence cannot be controlled in the whole freezing process, and frost heaving damage or cracking failure of the device is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in rock breaking and hole sealing at present, the invention provides a pressurizing device based on frost heaving force.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a frost-heave force-based compression device comprising: rigid shell and sequential freezer:

the interior of the shell is of a cavity structure and is symmetrically provided with through holes for overflowing of expansion liquid; an expansion part which moves linearly relative to the center of the shell is arranged at the through hole, and one end of the expansion part which moves linearly is contacted with the expansion liquid at the through hole; the cavity in the shell is connected with external expansion liquid filling equipment through an expansion liquid inlet, and freezing pipes communicated with the cavity of the shell are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the shell; sequential freezing devices are symmetrically arranged on the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part; the freezing direction of the sequential freezing device starts from a freezing pipe far away from the expansion part and ends at the arrangement position of the expansion part of the shell; the sequential freezing device includes: a medium inlet for flowing in the low-temperature medium, a spiral medium freezing part connected with the medium inlet, and a medium outlet for flowing out the high-temperature medium.

One embodiment of the invention: the housing includes: the refrigerator comprises a first shell with a circular outer contour and a hollow first freezing pipe which is symmetrically communicated and connected with the first shell; the center of the first shell is transversely and symmetrically provided with a through hole, and a first expansion part which linearly slides relative to the circular center of the first shell is arranged in the through hole; a sequential freezing device is arranged on the first freezing pipe far away from the first expansion part; the sequential freezing device includes: a first medium inlet for flowing low-temperature medium, a first spiral freezing part and a first medium outlet for flowing high-temperature medium; the first medium inlets are arranged on the outer wall of the first freezing pipe farthest from the through hole; one end of the first freezing pipe is a first liquid inlet of the first expansion liquid. The first expansion part is integrally T-shaped, and the free end of the first expansion part is an arc-shaped plate matched with the drilled hole.

Another embodiment of the invention: the housing includes: the centers of the two second shells are fixed through a second freezing pipe; an elastic second expansion part is connected between the outer edges of the two second shells, and the moving direction of the second expansion part is linearly diverged from the second freezing pipe at the center of the second shell to the periphery; a cavity defined by the second expansion part, the second shell and the second freezing pipe is filled with second expansion liquid, and the second expansion liquid is communicated with the outside through a second liquid inlet; and the outer surface of the second freezing pipe in the second expansion part is wound by a plurality of spiral second freezing parts, and the two ends of all the second freezing parts are respectively connected with a second medium inlet which penetrates through the second shell and flows into the low-temperature medium and a second medium outlet which flows out the high-temperature medium in parallel. The second freezing pipe is a hollow pipe, and a heat insulation layer is arranged between the second freezing part and the outer wall of the second cooling pipe.

Further, the material of the second expansion portion is an elastic material with low temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity.

Further, the material of the second expansion part is elastic cold-resistant heat-insulating rubber.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention changes the volume expansion after freezing into purposiveness by a sequential freezing mode, and can provide high pressure value and moderate and controllable process; the equipment is simple to manufacture and convenient to use, and the equipment is convenient to integrally manufacture with other equipment to realize combined operation; the expanded volume provides a new idea and a new scheme for broken rocks or rock hole sealing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 1;

in the figure, a1 first shell, a11 first freezing pipe, a2 first expansion liquid, A3 first expansion part, a4 first liquid inlet, a51 first medium inlet, a52 first freezing part and a53 first medium outlet.

FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at D-D in fig. 3.

In the figure, a second shell B1, a second freezing pipe B11, a second expanding liquid B2, a second expanding part B3, a second liquid inlet B4, a second medium inlet B51, a second freezing part B52, a second medium outlet B53 and a heat-insulating layer B6.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

In order to solve the problems encountered in the prior rock breaking and hole sealing, the invention provides a pressure device based on frost heaving force, which comprises: rigid shell and sequential freezer: the inner part of the shell is of a cavity structure and is symmetrically provided with through holes for overflowing of expansion liquid; an expansion part which moves linearly relative to the center of the shell is arranged at the through hole, and one end of the expansion part which moves linearly is contacted with the expansion liquid at the through hole; the cavity in the shell is connected with external expansion liquid filling equipment through an expansion liquid inlet, and freezing pipes communicated with the cavity of the shell are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the shell. After the expansion liquid is frozen at low temperature, the expansion liquid can generate large expansion force, and the expansion part is in direct or indirect contact with the expansion liquid, so that the volume of the expansion liquid can directly push the expansion part to move, and the rock can be crushed and sealed by utilizing the movement. In the present invention, the preferred embodiment for the expansion fluid is water, followed by other substances that expand in volume after cryogenic freezing.

In order to enable the expansion liquid to apply acting force along the expected target, sequential freezing devices are symmetrically arranged on the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part; the freezing direction of the sequential freezing device starts from the freezing pipe far away from the expansion part and ends at the arrangement position of the expansion part of the shell. The sequential freezing device includes: the spiral medium freezing part is connected with the medium inlet, and the medium outlet is connected with the medium outlet for flowing out the high-temperature medium.

Since freezing is a gradual process, by sequentially freezing the device at a location away from the expansion portion, the excess volume of the expansion fluid will gradually be forced to a location where there is no or less pressure (i.e., the expansion portion), thereby providing a slow but more powerful pressure to the expansion portion. Because the sequential freezing devices are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the expansion part, after the two far ends of the expansion part are frozen into solid, the two far ends of the expansion part also change to be sealed against the two ends of the expansion part, so that the pressure formed by freezing can be spread to the expansion part to the maximum extent. It should be noted that, in order to further enhance the capability of expanding and breaking rock, the expansion liquid may be pre-pressurized before freezing, on one hand, the expansion part may be directly and tightly contacted with the surface of rock by using the pre-pressurized force, and when the pressure of freezing is after propagation, the pressure may be directly applied to the surface of the expansion part, which is beneficial to saving the expansion stroke of the expansion liquid after freezing. If the hole sealing effect is carried out on the rock, the expansion liquid does not need to be applied in advance or only needs to be applied with smaller pressure in advance, and the acting force is in a proper range during hole sealing by controlling and adjusting the volume of the frozen expansion body according to engineering requirements.

The first embodiment of the invention: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first housing a1 having a circular outer contour and a hollow first cryovial a11 symmetrically and communicatively connected with respect to the first housing a 1; through holes are transversely and symmetrically formed in the center of the first shell A1, and the through holes are similar to a through waist-shaped hole structure; the through hole is provided with a first expansion part A3 which slides linearly relative to the circular center of the first shell A1, the structure of the first expansion part A3 can be like the first expansion part B3 shown in figure 2, the whole body is in a T shape, and the outer free end is an arc-shaped plate which is matched with a drilled hole. When the first expansion part A3 is forced to extend to two sides, the rock is crushed; in order to power the first expansion part A3, a sequential freezing device is provided on the first freezing pipe a11 away from the first expansion part A3; wherein the sequential freezing device comprises: a first medium inlet a51 for inflow of low temperature medium, a spiral first freezing part a52 and a first medium outlet a53 for outflow of high temperature medium; the first medium inlets A51 are all arranged on the outer wall of the first freezing pipe A11 which is farthest away from the through hole; the first media inlets a51 are each located furthest away from the first divergent portion A3; one end of the first freezing pipe A11 is a first liquid inlet A4 of a first expansion liquid A2.

The working principle of the first embodiment is as follows: in use, since the expansion liquid is flowed through the first liquid inlet A4 at one end of the first freezing pipe A11, ice crystals are slowly formed when the low-temperature cooling medium flows into the first medium inlet A51. Liquid nitrogen may be used initially as a freezing medium in order to accelerate the formation of ice crystals and to freeze them quickly. When the distal end remote from the first expansion portion A3 is frozen to a solid state and then replaced with a freezing medium having a temperature slightly higher than the freezing point of the expansion fluid, the fluidity of the slowly formed ice particles is utilized to better transmit the force generated by the expansion volume to the first expansion portion A3. Along with gradual freezing, the first expansion part A3 is finally expanded and protruded relative to the first shell A1, so that the rock is propped open or stress concentration is formed on the rock body in a specific direction, cracks are preferentially formed at the stress concentration position, and when the rock is uniformly extruded by proper force, friction is increased, so that the hole sealing limiting and fixing effects are achieved.

Embodiment two of the present invention: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the housing includes: two circular second housings B1, and the center of the second housing B1 is fixed by a second freezing pipe B11; an elastic second expansion part B3 is connected between the outer edges of the two second casings B1, and the moving direction of the second expansion part B3 is linearly diverged from the second freezing pipe B11 at the center of the second casing B1 to the periphery, wherein the material of the second expansion part B3 is an elastic material with low temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity, and specifically, the material can be elastic cold-resistant and heat-insulating rubber. A cavity enclosed among the second expansion part B3, the second housing B1 and the second freezing pipe B11 is filled with a second expansion liquid B2, and the second expansion liquid B2 is communicated with the outside through a second liquid inlet B4. While the diffusion process of the second expansion part B3 is a center-out manner, so that it can better perform the sealing and rock breaking functions.

In order to allow the expansion part to have sufficient displacement for breaking rocks and sealing holes, a plurality of spiral second freezing parts B52 are wound around the outer surface of the second freezing pipe B11 in a position away from the second expansion part B3, and both ends of all the second freezing parts B52 are connected in parallel with a second medium inlet B51 penetrating the second housing B1 and flowing a low temperature medium and a second medium outlet B53 flowing a high temperature medium, respectively. In the sequential freezing device with the structure, the expansion liquid near the second freezing pipe B11 can be rapidly cooled in a parallel connection mode because the expansion liquid is diffused and frozen from the center to the periphery. In this embodiment, when the expansion fluid in the vicinity of the second freezing pipe B11 is rapidly frozen, not only an annular solid body wrapped around the second freezing pipe B11 is formed, but also the second freezing pipe B11 is more skillfully protected from backward extrusion of the second expansion part B3 by the annular structure. In order to achieve this better annular structure, the freezer may be filled with a freezer liquid of different temperature or different material throughout the freezing process. Likewise, in order to quickly obtain a ring-shaped protective shell, liquid nitrogen flash freezing may be used.

Further, in order to protect other facilities passing through the second freezing pipe B11 and to improve the freezing efficiency, it is necessary to make the second freezing pipe B11 a hollow pipe, and to provide an insulating layer B6 between the second freezing section B52 and the outer wall of the second cooling pipe B11.

The working principle of the second embodiment is as follows: the second embodiment is used in the same manner as the first embodiment, namely, the vicinity of the second cryovial B11 is frozen into a solid by using liquid nitrogen or other low-temperature freezing liquid, and then the second expansion part B3 is gradually pressed to crush or seal the rock. The difference lies in that: the second freezing pipe B11 can be a hollow structure, and other operations can be performed by using the hollow structure, such as limiting and fixing as an outer casing, passing through a drill pipe, extracting natural gas, conducting hydraulic fracturing high-pressure fluid and the like.