阅读说明：本技术 一种剩余电流保护断路器的电流非线性补偿方法 (Current nonlinear compensation method for residual current protection circuit breaker ) 是由 陈建进 李涛 于 2019-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于剩余电流保护断路器领域,特别涉及一种剩余电流保护断路器的电流非线性补偿方法,所述的方法包括以下步骤：电流互感器将一次侧交流大电流转换成二次侧小电流,通过整流输出直流电流,再经过电流电压转换和信号调理输入至ADC进行数字采样,最后由微处理器对ADC数字采样的数据进行分段线性拟合处理,通过修正每个分段区间的比值系数K值,实现对电流互感器非线性区间的线性补偿,满足全电流输入范围的电流检测精度要求。本发明技术方案无需电路元件搭建,成本低,调试验证以及生产更加方便,也更容易达到更高的精度；由于采用的微处理器进行软件分段,可以将分段实现得更为细致,实现也更加方便灵活。(The invention belongs to the field of residual current protection circuit breakers, and particularly relates to a current nonlinear compensation method of a residual current protection circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps: the current transformer converts primary side alternating current into secondary side small current, outputs direct current through rectification, inputs the secondary side small current into an ADC through current-voltage conversion and signal conditioning for digital sampling, finally carries out piecewise linear fitting processing on data of the ADC digital sampling by a microprocessor, realizes linear compensation on nonlinear intervals of the current transformer by correcting a ratio coefficient K value of each piecewise interval, and meets the current detection precision requirement of a full current input range. According to the technical scheme, circuit element building is not needed, the cost is low, debugging, verification and production are more convenient, and higher precision is easier to achieve; because the adopted microprocessor carries out software segmentation, the segmentation can be more meticulously realized, and the realization is more convenient and flexible.)

1. A current nonlinearity compensation method for a residual current circuit breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps: the current transformer converts primary side alternating current into secondary side small current, outputs direct current through rectification, inputs the direct current into an ADC through current-voltage conversion and signal conditioning for digital sampling, finally carries out piecewise linear fitting processing on data digitally sampled by the ADC through a microprocessor, realizes linear compensation on nonlinear intervals of the current transformer by correcting a ratio coefficient K value of each piecewise interval, and meets the current detection precision requirement of a full current input range; the piecewise linear fitting process comprises three parts of model machine rated current calibration, model machine compensation coefficient calculation and production rated current calibration;

and calibrating rated current of the prototype: selecting a residual current protection circuit breaker prototype, inputting rated current In into a current delay test table, executing a current calibration program, carrying out real-time ADC digital sampling on load current to obtain a sampling value An under the condition of the given rated current In, and calculating a ratio coefficient Kn according to a formula (1);

K＝A×8192÷I (1)

in the formula, K is a specific coefficient under a given current condition, A is a corresponding ADC sampling value under the given current condition, and I is an input given current value;

and calculating a model machine compensation coefficient: selecting the same model machine of the residual current protection circuit breaker, inputting 4 given current values I1, I2, I3 and I4 into a current delay test bench of the residual current protection circuit breaker, and testing corresponding ADC sampling values

A1, A2, A3 and A4, calculating ratio coefficients K1, K2, K3 and K4 according to formula (1), calculating corresponding 4 differences C1, C2, C3 and C4 under the condition of given rated current In according to formula (2), using the differences as corresponding linear compensation coefficients, and sampling the compensation coefficients C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the 4 sampling values of the ADC A1 of given current,

A2, A3 and A4 are used as constants to be input into the microprocessing for burning:

C＝Kn-K (2)

in the formula, C is a compensation coefficient under a given current condition, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and K is a ratio coefficient under a given current;

and the production rated current is calibrated: during batch production, firstly, prototype rated current calibration is carried out on each residual current protection circuit breaker, and the ratio coefficient Kn of each residual current protection circuit breaker under rated current is calculated;

after the rated current of the prototype is calibrated, the residual current protection circuit breaker inputs the current, the ADC samples the current sampling value A in real time, the current sampling value A is compared with An, A1, A2, A3 and A4, and the ratio coefficient K of the current is calculated according to a formula (3);

K ＝Kn- C (3)；

in the formula, K is a ratio coefficient of the current, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and C is a compensation coefficient of the current, wherein when A is less than or equal to A1, C is 0; c is C1 when A1< A ≦ A2; c is C2 when A2< A ≦ A3; c is C3 when A3< A ≦ A4; C-C4 when a4< a;

then calculating the current actual current value through the current sampling value A and a formula (4);

I ＝A×8192÷K (4)

in the formula, I is the current value, a is the current sampling value, and K is the current ratio coefficient.

2. The method as claimed In claim 1, wherein I1 ═ 5In, I2 ═ 8In, I3 ═ 10In, I4 ═ 12In, and In is the rated current of the residual current circuit breaker.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of residual current protection circuit breakers, and particularly relates to a current nonlinear compensation method of a residual current protection circuit breaker.

Technical Field

The current transformer converts a large current on a primary side into a small current on a secondary side according to the electromagnetic induction principle. The residual current protection circuit breaker detects the magnitude of load current through a current transformer and carries out corresponding overload long time delay, short circuit short time delay and short circuit transient protection. Because the existence of current transformer iron core saturation, vortex, hysteresis and excitation current for current transformer's input/output passes the change characteristic and presents the nonlinearity, influences current measurement accuracy greatly.

Aiming at the problem of nonlinear transformation, the main idea is to perform sectional processing on the current transformer signal and perform different nonlinear compensation processing on different measuring ranges. According to the characteristics of the magnetization curve, the magnetization curve of the iron core is divided into three stages, namely an initial stage, a middle stage and a saturation stage; in the low-current part of the initial stage, the residual current protection circuit breaker has higher tolerance to measurement errors, compensation is not needed, and the middle stage is linear, so that the nonlinearity of the high-current saturation stage is only considered. At present, a hardware analog circuit is commonly used for carrying out sectional processing, after an operational amplifier is used for sampling an output signal, the size of the output signal is judged to gate different ranges, and feedback coefficients of the different ranges are different, so that the signal processing effect that the different ranges have different gains is achieved. In a large current stage, the current transformer tends to be saturated, when the current is increased again, the increase amplitude of the output signal of the current transformer is reduced, at the moment, the operational amplifier with high operational amplification coefficient is gated by a hardware circuit, the signal amplitude is improved, and the nonlinear problem caused by the fact that the transformer tends to be saturated is compensated.

Due to the solution of the hardware circuit, corresponding circuits and components need to be added, which brings corresponding cost increase; if the linear precision requirement is improved, more operational amplifiers with different gains need to be gated, the hardware complexity is greatly increased, and meanwhile, the temperature drift of circuit components has uncertain factors, so that the research, development, design and debugging test period is prolonged; the increase of circuit components can occupy the PCB wiring area, leads to the cost increase of PCB circuit board, has also increaseed the production risk.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a combined microprocessor, which realizes sectional compensation through software and makes up the problem caused by the nonlinearity of a current transformer.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for current non-linearity compensation of a residual current protection circuit breaker, said method comprising the steps of: the current transformer converts primary side alternating current into secondary side small current, outputs direct current through rectification, inputs the direct current into an ADC through current-voltage conversion and signal conditioning for digital sampling, finally carries out piecewise linear fitting processing on data digitally sampled by the ADC through a microprocessor, realizes linear compensation on nonlinear intervals of the current transformer by correcting a ratio coefficient K value of each piecewise interval, and meets the current detection precision requirement of a full current input range; the piecewise linear fitting process comprises three parts of model machine rated current calibration, model machine compensation coefficient calculation and production rated current calibration;

and calibrating rated current of the prototype: selecting a residual current protection circuit breaker prototype, inputting rated current In into a current delay test table, executing a current calibration program, carrying out real-time ADC digital sampling on load current to obtain a sampling value An under the condition of the given rated current In, and calculating a ratio coefficient Kn according to a formula (1);

K＝A×8192÷I (1)

in the formula, K is a specific coefficient under a given current condition, A is a corresponding ADC sampling value under the given current condition, and I is an input given current value;

and calculating a model machine compensation coefficient: selecting the same model machine of the residual current protection circuit breaker, inputting 4 given current values I1, I2, I3 and I4 In a current delay test bench of the residual current protection circuit breaker, testing corresponding ADC sampling values A1, A2, A3 and A4, calculating ratio coefficients K1, K2, K3 and K4 according to a formula (1), calculating corresponding 4 difference values C1, C2, C3 and C4 under the condition of given rated current In according to a formula (2), using the difference values as corresponding linear compensation coefficients, and inputting compensation coefficients C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the 4 given current ADC sampling values A1, A2, A3 and A4 as constants into microprocessing, and burning:

C＝Kn-K (2)

in the formula, C is a compensation coefficient under a given current condition, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and K is a ratio coefficient under a given current;

and the production rated current is calibrated: during batch production, firstly, prototype rated current calibration is carried out on each residual current protection circuit breaker, and the ratio coefficient Kn of each residual current protection circuit breaker under rated current is calculated;

after the rated current of the prototype is calibrated, the residual current protection circuit breaker inputs the current, the ADC samples the current sampling value A in real time, the current sampling value A is compared with An, A1, A2, A3 and A4, and the ratio coefficient K of the current is calculated according to a formula (3);

K ＝Kn- C (3)；

in the formula, K is a ratio coefficient of the current, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and C is a compensation coefficient of the current, wherein when A is less than or equal to A1, C is 0; c is C1 when A1< A ≦ A2; c is C2 when A2< A ≦ A3; c is C3 when A3< A ≦ A4; C-C4 when a4< a;

then calculating the current actual current value through the current sampling value A and a formula (4);

I ＝A×8192÷K (4)

in the formula, I is the current value, a is the current sampling value, and K is the current ratio coefficient.

The I1 is 5In, the I2 is 8In, the I3 is 10In, the I4 is 12In, and the In is the rated current of the residual current protection circuit breaker.

According to the technical scheme, circuit element building is not needed, the cost is low, debugging, verification and production are more convenient, and higher precision is easier to achieve; because the adopted microprocessor carries out software segmentation, the segmentation can be more meticulously realized, and the realization is more convenient and flexible.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of piecewise linear fitting in the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments:

a method for current non-linearity compensation of a residual current protection circuit breaker, said method comprising the steps of: the current transformer converts primary side alternating current into secondary side small current, outputs direct current through rectification, inputs the direct current into an ADC through current-voltage conversion and signal conditioning for digital sampling, finally carries out piecewise linear fitting processing on data digitally sampled by the ADC through a microprocessor, realizes linear compensation on nonlinear intervals of the current transformer by correcting a ratio coefficient K value of each piecewise interval, and meets the current detection precision requirement of a full current input range; the piecewise linear fitting process comprises three parts of model machine rated current calibration, model machine compensation coefficient calculation and production rated current calibration;

and calibrating rated current of the prototype: selecting a residual current protection circuit breaker prototype, inputting rated current In into a current delay test table, executing a current calibration program, carrying out real-time ADC digital sampling on load current to obtain a sampling value An under the condition of the given rated current In, and calculating a ratio coefficient Kn according to a formula (1);

K＝A×8192÷I (1)

in the formula, K is a specific coefficient under a given current condition, A is a corresponding ADC sampling value under the given current condition, and I is an input given current value;

and calculating a model machine compensation coefficient: selecting the same model machine of the residual current protection circuit breaker, inputting 4 given current values I1, I2, I3 and I4 In a current delay test bench of the residual current protection circuit breaker, testing corresponding ADC sampling values A1, A2, A3 and A4, calculating ratio coefficients K1, K2, K3 and K4 according to a formula (1), calculating corresponding 4 difference values C1, C2, C3 and C4 under the condition of given rated current In according to a formula (2), using the difference values as corresponding linear compensation coefficients, and inputting compensation coefficients C1, C2, C3 and C4 and the 4 given current ADC sampling values A1, A2, A3 and A4 as constants into microprocessing, and burning:

C＝Kn-K (2)

in the formula, C is a compensation coefficient under a given current condition, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and K is a ratio coefficient under a given current;

and the production rated current is calibrated: during batch production, firstly, prototype rated current calibration is carried out on each residual current protection circuit breaker, and the ratio coefficient Kn of each residual current protection circuit breaker under rated current is calculated;

after the rated current of the prototype is calibrated, the residual current protection circuit breaker inputs the current, the ADC samples the current sampling value A in real time, the current sampling value A is compared with An, A1, A2, A3 and A4, and the ratio coefficient K of the current is calculated according to a formula (3);

K＝Kn-C (3)；

in the formula, K is a ratio coefficient of the current, Kn is a ratio coefficient under a given rated current condition, and C is a compensation coefficient of the current, wherein when A is less than or equal to A1, C is 0; c is C1 when A1< A ≦ A2; c is C2 when A2< A ≦ A3; c is C3 when A3< A ≦ A4; C-C4 when a4< a;

then calculating the current actual current value through the current sampling value A and a formula (4);

I＝A×8192÷K (4)

in the formula, I is the current value, a is the current sampling value, and K is the current ratio coefficient.

The I1 is 5In, the I2 is 8In, the I3 is 10In, the I4 is 12In, and In is the rated current.

The current detection and protection range of the residual current protection circuit breaker is generally between 0.2In and 16In, wherein In is rated current.

According to input and output test data of a current transformer of the residual current protection circuit breaker, the input and output characteristics of the current transformer begin to present nonlinearity when more than 5In is input, and because the current short delay and instantaneous protection set values of the residual current protection circuit breaker are generally 5In and 8In respectively, engineering factors such as small calculated amount, simple microprocessor software algorithm and the like are comprehensively considered, the scheme adopts 5 data characteristic points (In, I1, I2, I3 and I4, wherein I1 is 5In, I2 is 8In, I3 is 10In and I4 is 12In) to perform piecewise linear fitting.

In the formula, K is a ratio coefficient under a given current condition, a is a corresponding microprocessor software ADC sampling value under the given current condition, and I is an input given current value. According to actual circuit parameters and characteristic parameters of the current transformer, the value obtained by A/I under the given rated current condition is about 0.3, in order to ensure the calculation precision of the K value without floating point operation of microprocessor software, the value A is shifted to the left by 13 bits, namely the value A is multiplied by a constant 8192 and then divided by I, and the 3-4 bit validity of the quotient obtained by A/I after the decimal point is ensured.

As shown in fig. 1, taking the residual current protection circuit breaker chassis current 250A as an example, in a batch of products to be produced, one of the products is randomly selected to perform a piecewise linear fitting experiment. Firstly, calibrating the rated current of a prototype, calibrating the current under the condition of setting the rated current to be 250A, and calculating a ratio coefficient Kn by microprocessor software. Then model machine compensation coefficient calculation, inputting 4 given current values, manually calculating corresponding ratio coefficient and compensation coefficient, wherein specific test data are shown in table 1, manually inputting the compensation coefficient and the current sampling values of the 4 given current values into a FLASH area table corresponding to a microprocessor software source code, programming the recompiled program into the batch of products to be produced, and then starting batch production test. And finally, rated current calibration is produced, during batch production, rated current calibration is firstly carried out on each residual current protection circuit breaker, then routine inspection production tests of long delay, short delay and instantaneous characteristics are carried out according to product test standards, real-time current values are displayed through liquid crystals or protective tripping operation current values displayed on the liquid crystals are compared and analyzed with actual given current values of a test bench, the current precision of protective tripping operation is more than +/-10%, and the product standard requirements are met.

TABLE 1 piecewise linear fit test data

The current data acquisition system design technology based on piecewise linear fitting solves the problem of inaccurate current data acquisition caused by the nonlinearity of the current transformer in the full working current range, effectively reduces the cost of a hardware circuit and the current transformer, and can well meet the current measurement and protection precision requirements.

The 5-point segmentation linear fitting algorithm suitable for engineering application is provided, the program code is simple, the production operation is easy, and the efficiency is high.

The power supply redundancy design of the self-generating power supply has the advantages that the load current is induced by the current transformer to output the secondary side current, the current is converted by the self-generating power supply circuit to output stable voltage, and the stable voltage is used as a standby power supply to supply power to a system, so that the product reliability is greatly improved.

According to the technical scheme, circuit element building is not needed, the cost is low, debugging, verification and production are more convenient, and higher precision is easier to achieve; because the adopted microprocessor carries out software segmentation, the segmentation can be more meticulously realized, and the realization is more convenient and flexible.