阅读说明：本技术 基于多种磁相变合金的振动能量收集器 (Vibration energy collector based on multiple magnetic phase change alloys ) 是由 李超 龚元元 徐锋 王广龙 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于能量收集领域,特别为一种基于多种磁相变合金的振动能量收集器,包括：Heusler型合金和MnCoSi基合金分别垂直固定在下层磁轭的两端,永磁体固定在下层磁轭的中间；永磁体上端设置缓冲层,Heusler型合金、MnCoSi基合金和缓冲层的上部设置上层磁轭,在上下层磁轭位于两个永磁体之间的范围中缠绕上线圈,线圈两端连接整流电路和电容器。本发明的振动能量收集器采用Heusler型合金和MnCoSi基合金作为器件的核心部件,利用Heusler型合金和MnCoSi基合金的磁性对应力敏感性,实现弱磁/铁磁态和反铁磁/铁磁态的切换,同时利用磁轭实现在完整磁路中磁力线的传输,使器件中的漏磁现象得到避免,并且有效的增加磁通量的变化,提高能量转换效率。(The invention belongs to the field of energy collection, and particularly relates to a vibration energy collector based on multiple magnetic phase change alloys, which comprises: the Heusler type alloy and the MnCoSi base alloy are respectively and vertically fixed at two ends of the lower magnetic yoke, and the permanent magnet is fixed in the middle of the lower magnetic yoke; the upper end of the permanent magnet is provided with a buffer layer, the upper parts of the Heusler type alloy, the MnCoSi base alloy and the buffer layer are provided with an upper magnetic yoke, the upper and lower magnetic yokes are wound with a coil in the range between the two permanent magnets, and two ends of the coil are connected with a rectifying circuit and a capacitor. The vibration energy collector adopts the Heusler alloy and the MnCoSi-based alloy as core components of the device, realizes the switching between the weak magnetic state/ferromagnetic state and the antiferromagnetic state/ferromagnetic state by utilizing the sensitivity of magnetism of the Heusler alloy and the MnCoSi-based alloy to stress, and simultaneously realizes the transmission of magnetic lines of force in a complete magnetic circuit by utilizing the magnet yoke, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon in the device is avoided, the change of magnetic flux is effectively increased, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.)

1. A vibration energy collector based on multiple magnetic phase change alloys is characterized in that the collector comprises an upper magnetic yoke (1), a Heusler type alloy (2), a coil (3), a buffer layer (4), a permanent magnet (5), a MnCoSi-based alloy (6) and a lower magnetic yoke (7);

the Heusler type alloy (2) and the MnCoSi base alloy (6) are respectively and vertically fixed at two ends of the lower magnetic yoke (7), and the permanent magnet (5) is vertically fixed at the middle position of the lower magnetic yoke (7);

the buffer layer (4) is arranged at the upper end of the permanent magnet (5), and the sum of the heights of the buffer layer (4) and the permanent magnet (5) is less than the height of the Heusler alloy (2) and higher than the height of the MnCoSi-based alloy (6);

the upper layer magnetic yoke (1) and the lower layer magnetic yoke (7) are wound with coils (3), and two ends of each coil are connected with the rectifying circuit and the capacitor;

the upper parts of the Heusler type alloy (2), the MnCoSi based alloy (6) and the buffer layer (4) are connected with the upper-layer magnetic yoke (1), the Heusler type alloy (2) and the MnCoSi based alloy (6) are respectively positioned at two ends of the upper-layer magnetic yoke (1), and the buffer layer (4) is positioned in the middle of the upper-layer magnetic yoke (1).

2. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the buffer layer (4) is formed by uniformly mixing iron powder and silicon rubber, and the buffer layer (4) is adhered to the upper section of the permanent magnet (5).

3. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 2 wherein said silicone rubber is DC184 silicone rubber.

4. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the sum of the heights of the buffer layer (4) and the permanent magnet (5) is 2-10mm smaller than the height of the Heusler-type alloy (2) and 2-10mm higher than the height of the MnCoSi-based alloy (6).

5. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the Heusler-type alloy (2) is a weak magnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloy which undergoes a ferromagnetic to weak magnetic phase change when pressure is increased, and the MnCoSi-based alloy (6) is an antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloy which undergoes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase change when tension is increased.

6. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower yokes (1, 7) are of soft magnetic alloy.

7. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil (3) is a single layer coil.

8. A vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet (5) is of neodymium iron boron material.

9. A method of energy harvesting using a vibration energy harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

(1) the Heusler type alloy (2) has ferromagnetism, magnetic induction lines are emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet (5) and return to the S pole of the permanent magnet (5) through the buffer layer (4), the upper layer magnetic yoke (1), the Heusler type alloy (2) and the lower layer magnetic yoke (7);

(2) when external pressure acts on the left side of the upper-layer magnetic yoke (1), partial pressure is transmitted to the Heusler-type alloy (2), the Heusler-type alloy (2) is induced to generate ferromagnetic-weak magnetic phase change, meanwhile, the MnCoSi-based alloy (6) is subjected to tension, the MnCoSi-based alloy (6) is induced to generate antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change, magnetic flux in the coil (3) is changed, and further current is generated;

(3) when the pressure is removed, the Heusler alloy (2) is changed from a weak magnetic state to a ferromagnetic state, the MnCoSi-based alloy (6) is changed from the ferromagnetic state to an antiferromagnetic state, the magnetic flux in the coil (3) is changed when the pressure exists, reverse current is generated, and the generated forward current and the generated reverse current realize the charging of the capacitor after passing through the rectifying circuit;

(4) by continuously applying/removing pressure, the vibrational energy is continuously converted to electrical energy and stored to power the sensor.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of energy collection, and particularly relates to a vibration energy collector based on multiple magnetic phase change alloys.

Background

With the progress of integrated circuit technology and Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, more and more low power consumption sensing devices are applied to various aspects of life, which greatly improves people's life, and how to provide energy for these widely distributed devices is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field at present. At present, the scientific community provides green energy widely existing in the natural environment, and the energy collectable in the environment mainly comprises solar energy and wind energy, but the energy is affected by a plurality of factors, and the energy conversion efficiency is extremely low. For example, light energy collection can only be performed during periods of relatively full sunlight, and it is almost difficult to collect energy at night or in rainy weather; wind energy cannot collect energy efficiently at lower wind levels. Compared to the above mentioned energy sources, the vibration energy is more general and stable. Such as an engine, a machine tool, walking and the like, can generate continuous and stable vibration energy during working and are rarely influenced by external factors, so that the vibration energy has wide development potential as an object for energy collection. The current vibration energy harvesting technology mainly comprises three types, namely piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type and electrostatic type, and the energy harvester can replace some traditional batteries to continuously supply power for the sensor.

Electromagnetic vibration energy collection mainly utilizes a Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and magnetic flux passing through a coil is changed through environmental vibration, so that the coil generates induced electromotive force, and the conversion from vibration mechanical energy to electric energy is realized. The electromagnetic type is simple to manufacture and stable in structure, so that the electromagnetic type is much earlier to research compared with other forms of energy collection.

Experts and scholars at home and abroad also obtain some research results in the direction: the design and electromagnetic characteristic simulation research of the miniature electromagnetic vibration energy collector, Xuanwu, Fangdongming and the like, school newspaper of fertilizer industry university, 31 st age, 518 th page 526, 2008' researchers research and manufacture the miniature electromagnetic vibration energy collector with coil vibration, which comprises a permanent magnet, a cantilever beam, a coil and the like. The circular copper coil is positioned on the cantilever beam, the permanent magnet is arranged right below the coil, and the cantilever beam can drive the plane where the circular copper coil is positioned to vibrate up and down after sensing external vibration. And simulating the optimized device structure parameters to obtain that the maximum output voltage of the device is 26mV and the maximum output power is 5.633 uW.

Meanwhile, researchers in "Energy resonant from the nonlinear Vibration of magnetic Vibration [ J ], Man B P, Sims N D, etc., Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,319(1): 515-. This structure comprises three cylindrical permanent magnet and a cylindrical shell, and two permanent magnets of the top and bottom are together fixed with cylindrical shell, can adjust the distance of two permanent magnets through the screw thread simultaneously in needs, and middle permanent magnet can freely move, and two adjacent permanent magnet magnetic poles are the same and repel each other, and magnetic induction coil is placed in the outside of cylinder. The device can collect vibration energy, the magnets move back and forth to form resonance through mutual repulsion of magnetic poles, magnetic flux in the coil is changed to generate induced electromotive force, and collection of the energy is completed. The device is placed in a backpack to collect vibration energy of a human body under the walking condition, and the electric quantity which can be output can reach 300uW-2.5 mW.

Recently, there are researches on "Analysis of an in-plane electrochemical energy harvester with integrated magnetic array [ J ], Meng di Han et al, Sensors & Actuators, A. physical, 2014", researchers have plated CoNiMnP with a thickness of 10 μm as the permanent magnet and mass block of a micro electromagnetic vibration energy harvester and have made coils by using an electro-coppering process, thus realizing a vibration energy harvesting device based on MEMS devices. The length, width and height of the device are respectively 16mm, 8mm and 0.53 mm. Under the vibration excitation of 1g acceleration and 48Hz, the output power is 11.06n W.

Structure and principle through to above-mentioned three kinds of electromagnetic vibration energy ware summarize, thereby can all discover to take place relative motion through magnet and coil and realize that magnetic flux changes the production electric energy in the coil, the magnetic induction line that produces at relative motion's in-process magnet can not all pass through the coil, make the device have the magnetic leakage phenomenon, especially magnetic leakage makes the magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic circuit reduce under the low frequency, energy conversion efficiency is not high, then the induced electromotive force who produces is lower, electric energy conversion efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vibration energy collector based on multi-magnetic phase change alloy.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a vibration energy collector based on multiple magnetic phase change alloys comprises an upper magnetic yoke, a Heusler type alloy, a coil, a buffer layer, a permanent magnet, a MnCoSi base alloy and a lower magnetic yoke;

the Heusler type alloy, the MnCoSi base alloy and the permanent magnet are respectively and vertically fixed at two ends and in the middle of the lower magnetic yoke;

the upper end of the permanent magnet is provided with a buffer layer, and the sum of the heights of the buffer layer and the permanent magnet is less than the height of the Heusler alloy and higher than the height of the MnCoSi-based alloy;

the upper magnetic yoke and the lower magnetic yoke are wound with coils, and two ends of each coil are connected with a rectifying circuit and a capacitor;

an upper magnetic yoke is arranged on the upper parts of the Heusler type alloy, the MnCoSi based alloy and the buffer layer, and the upper ends of the Heusler type alloy, the MnCoSi based alloy and the buffer layer are respectively positioned at the two ends and the middle part of the upper magnetic yoke, so that the collector forms a complete device.

Further, the buffer layer is formed by uniformly mixing iron powder and silicon rubber, and the buffer layer is bonded on the upper section of the permanent magnet.

Further, the silicone rubber is DC184 silicone rubber.

Further, the sum of the heights of the buffer layer and the permanent magnet is 2-10mm smaller than the height of the magnetic phase change alloy material.

Further, Heusler-type alloys are weak magnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloys that undergo a ferromagnetic to weak magnetic phase change when pressure is increased, and MnCoSi-based alloys are antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloys that undergo an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase change when tension is increased.

Further, many magnetic phase change alloy materials are Heusler type alloys and MnCoSi based alloys.

Further, the upper layer magnetic yoke and the lower layer magnetic yoke are made of soft magnetic alloy.

Further, the coil is a single layer coil.

Further, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron materials.

A method for collecting energy by using the vibration energy collector comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the magnetic phase change alloy material has ferromagnetism, magnetic induction lines are emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet and return to the S pole of the permanent magnet through the buffer layer, the upper magnetic yoke, the Heusler type alloy, the MnCoSi base alloy and the lower magnetic yoke;

(2) when external pressure acts on the left side of the upper-layer magnetic yoke, partial pressure is transmitted to the Heusler-type alloy to induce the Heusler-type alloy to generate ferromagnetic-weak magnetic phase change, meanwhile, the MnCoSi-based alloy is subjected to tension to induce the MnCoSi-based alloy to generate antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change, and magnetic flux in the coil is changed to generate current;

(3) when the pressure is removed, the Heusler alloy is changed from a weak magnetic state to a ferromagnetic state, the MnCoSi-based alloy is changed from the ferromagnetic state to an antiferromagnetic state, the magnetic flux in the coil is changed when the pressure exists, reverse current is generated, and the generated forward current and the generated reverse current realize the charging of the capacitor after passing through the rectifying circuit;

(4) by continuously applying/removing pressure, the vibrational energy is continuously converted to electrical energy and stored to power the sensor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) the device is a complete device prepared from a magnet yoke, a coil, various magnetic phase change alloy materials, iron powder, silicon rubber and a permanent magnet, a Heusler type alloy and a MnCoSi base alloy are used as core components of the device, the switching between a weak magnetic state/ferromagnetic state and an antiferromagnetic state/ferromagnetic state is realized by utilizing the sensitivity of the magnetism of the magnetic phase change alloy to stress and tension, and meanwhile, the transmission of magnetic lines of force in a complete magnetic circuit is realized by utilizing the magnet yoke, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon in the device is avoided, the variable quantity of magnetic flux is effectively increased, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

(2) The height of the solidified buffer layer and the permanent magnet in the device is slightly lower than that of (2mm-10mm) Heusler type alloy, and slightly higher than that of (2mm-10mm) MnCoSi base alloy, so that stress generated in the vibration process can effectively act on the magnetic phase change alloy, the magnetic conversion rate of the magnetic phase change alloy is accelerated, and energy conversion is better realized.

(3) The buffer layer in the device is prepared from iron powder and silicon rubber, so that the buffer layer plays a role in buffering when the device is stressed, protects the permanent magnet and ensures that the device can normally work for a long time. On the other hand, the iron powder in the buffer layer is utilized to realize better transmission of magnetic lines of force, and the transmission loss of the magnetic lines of force is reduced.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester based on various magnetic phase change alloys.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a vibration energy harvester based on a variety of magnetic phase change alloys.

Wherein, the magnet comprises 1-an upper layer magnet yoke, 2-Heusler type alloy, 3-a coil, 4-a buffer layer, 5-a permanent magnet, 6-MnCoSi base alloy and 7-a lower layer magnet yoke.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a vibration energy collector based on a magnetic phase change alloy, which is prepared from an upper-layer magnetic yoke 1, a lower-layer magnetic yoke 7, a coil 3, Heusler type alloy 2, a MnCoSi-based alloy 6, iron powder, silicon rubber and a permanent magnet 5.

The preparation process of the vibration energy collector comprises the following steps: firstly, the Heusler type alloy 2 and the MnCoSi base alloy 6 are respectively vertically fixed at two ends of a lower magnetic yoke, and the two permanent magnets 5 are fixed in the middle of the lower magnetic yoke; then uniformly mixing the liquid A and the liquid B which form the silicon rubber in a corresponding mass ratio to obtain liquid, mixing iron powder into the liquid, waiting until natural cooling and solidification to obtain a corresponding buffer layer 4, then adhering the buffer layer 4 and the permanent magnet 5 to the upper section of the permanent magnet 5, wherein the height of the solidified buffer layer 4+ the permanent magnet 5 is slightly lower than that of the Heusler-type alloy 2 and slightly higher than that of the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 (2mm-10mm), finally arranging an upper magnetic yoke on the upper parts of the Heusler-type alloy 2, the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 and the two buffer layers 4, wherein the upper ends of the Heusler-type alloy 2, the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 and the two buffer layers 4 are respectively positioned at the two ends and the middle of the upper magnetic yoke, winding an upper coil 3 in the range that the upper magnetic yoke and the lower magnetic yoke are positioned between the two permanent magnets, and connecting the two ends of the coil 3.

Heusler type alloy 2 is a weak magnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloy that undergoes a ferromagnetic to weak magnetic phase change when pressure is increased, and MnCoSi based alloy 6 is an antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloy that undergoes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase change when tension is increased. The magnetic phase change alloy material 3 is a weak magnetic-ferromagnetic phase change alloy which can generate magnetic phase change from ferromagnetic to weak magnetic when the pressure is increased, and the two magnetic phase change alloys have excellent mechanical properties.

The upper magnetic yoke 1 and the lower magnetic yoke 7 are preferably made of soft magnetic alloy, the preparation of the soft magnetic alloy is mature, the soft magnetic alloy can be conveniently obtained, and meanwhile, the magnetic circuit has excellent magnetic line transmission performance and prevents magnetic leakage.

The coil 3 is preferably a single-layer coil, and the single-layer coil has the advantages of simple process, high utilization rate, no interphase breakdown fault of a single-layer structure and the like.

The permanent magnet 5 is preferably made of neodymium iron boron materials, and the neodymium iron boron materials are prepared by a mature preparation process, so that commercialization is realized, and the materials are convenient and easy to obtain.

The silicon rubber is preferably DC184 silicon rubber, has a mature preparation process, is commercialized, is convenient and easy to obtain, has good elasticity, and reduces the damage to the permanent magnet when a device is stressed.

As shown in fig. 2, the working principle of the vibration energy harvester of the present invention is:

initially, the Heusler-type alloy 2 and the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 have ferromagnetism, the device forms a complete magnetic circuit, and a magnetic induction line is emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet 6, passes through the iron powder/silicon rubber mixture, the upper-layer yoke 1, the Heusler-type alloy 2, the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 and the lower-layer yoke 4, and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet;

when external pressure acts on the left side of the upper-layer magnetic yoke 1, partial pressure is transmitted to the Heusler-type alloy 2 to induce the Heusler-type alloy to generate ferromagnetic-weak magnetic phase change, meanwhile, the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 is pulled to induce the MnCoSi-based alloy to generate antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase change, and magnetic flux in the coil is changed to generate current;

when the pressure is removed, the Heusler alloy 2 is changed from a weak magnetic state to a ferromagnetic state, the MnCoSi-based alloy 6 is changed from the ferromagnetic state to an antiferromagnetic state, the magnetic flux in the coil is changed when the pressure exists, reverse current is generated, and the generated forward current and the generated reverse current realize the charging of the capacitor after passing through the rectifying circuit;

by continuously applying/removing pressure, the vibrational energy can be continuously converted into electrical energy and stored for convenient power supply to devices such as sensors.

The invention can continuously convert the vibration energy into the electric energy, is beneficial to the utilization and development of new energy and protects the environment.