阅读说明：本技术 用于金属基材的多层面漆 (Multi-layer topcoat for metal substrates ) 是由 J.赫内 C.施瓦格尔 于 2018-05-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本文中描述了用于制备多层面漆的涂料系统、经多层面漆涂布的基材以及将多层面漆涂覆到基材的方法。一种用于制备多层面漆的涂料系统包括基础涂料组分和透明涂料组分,所述透明涂料组分包含具有颜色强度的非耐光着色剂颗粒。所述着色剂颗粒的所述颜色强度在暴露于光时降低。(Described herein are coating systems for preparing a multi-layer topcoat, substrates coated with the multi-layer topcoat, and methods of applying the multi-layer topcoat to a substrate. A coating system for preparing a multi-layer topcoat includes a base coating component and a clear coating component that includes non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity. The color intensity of the colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light.)

1. A substrate coated with a multi-layer topcoat, comprising:

a substrate;

a base coating adhered to the substrate; and

a clear coating comprising non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity, wherein

The color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light.

2. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of claim 1, wherein the color intensity of the non-light-fast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 10% when exposed to light as compared to an original color intensity of the non-light-fast colorant particles.

3. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the color intensity of the non-light-fast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 75% when exposed to light as compared to an original color intensity of the non-light-fast colorant particles.

4. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles are substantially colorless upon exposure to light.

5. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles comprise at least one of a dye or a pigment.

6. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles comprise at least one olefin group.

7. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the substrate comprises an aluminum substrate.

8. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of claim 7, wherein the aluminum substrate comprises a roof panel or a coil.

9. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the base coat layer comprises a pigment, dye, or printed pattern.

10. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the clear coat layer is adhered to the base coat layer.

11. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 1-10, further comprising a third layer.

12. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of claim 11, wherein the third layer comprises a pigment, dye, or print coating.

13. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of claim 12, wherein the print coating comprises a wood grain effect, an aeruginosa effect, or an animal grain effect.

14. The multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the third layer is adhered to the base coat and the clear coat layer is adhered to the third layer.

15. A coated metal substrate comprising:

a metal substrate, wherein the metal substrate is a coil or a roofing panel;

a white base layer adhered to the metal substrate; and

a coating comprising a pigment that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 400nm to about 700nm and is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700nm,

wherein the coating is adhered to the white base layer.

16. The coated metal substrate of claim 15, wherein the metal substrate comprises a surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm.

17. The coated metal substrate of claim 15 or 16, wherein the coating exhibits a black color.

18. The coated metal substrate of any one of claims 15-17, wherein the coated metal substrate has a solar reflectance index of at least 50.

19. The coated metal substrate of claim 18, wherein the solar reflectance index is at least 75.

20. The coated metal substrate of any one of claims 15-19, wherein the coated metal substrate has a final temperature at least 15 ℃ lower than a control coated metal substrate after one hour exposure, wherein the control coated metal substrate comprises a metal substrate and a coating comprising a carbon black pigment.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of coatings, materials science, materials chemistry, metallurgy, aluminum alloys, steel and related fields. More specifically, the present disclosure provides novel multi-layer topcoats for metal substrates that can be used in a variety of applications including, for example, architectural applications and coil coatings.

Background

Non-ferrous metal products are widely used in the construction industry. For example, aluminum materials provide various aesthetic options for roofing and other materials in the residential construction industry.

Disclosure of Invention

Embodiments covered by the present invention are defined by the claims, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various aspects of the invention and introduces some concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter alone. The subject matter should be understood with reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification, any or all of the drawings, and each claim.

Described herein are substrates coated with a multi-layer topcoat, coating systems for preparing the multi-layer topcoat, and methods of applying the multi-layer topcoat to a substrate. A substrate coated with a multilayer topcoat comprising: a substrate; a base coating adhered to the substrate; and a clear coating comprising non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity, wherein the color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light. The color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles can be reduced by at least about 10% when exposed to light as compared to the original color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles (e.g., by at least about 50%, at least about 75%, or at least about 90% when exposed to light as compared to the original color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles). Optionally, the non-light fast colorant particles are substantially colorless after exposure to light. The non-light fast colorant particles may comprise dyes, pigments, additives or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the non-light fast colorant particles comprise at least one olefinic group.

The substrate may comprise a metal substrate, such as an aluminum substrate or a steel substrate. Optionally, the aluminum substrate comprises a roof panel or coil. The base coat may comprise a pigment or a dye. Optionally, the base coat comprises a printed pattern. Optionally, the clear coat layer can be adhered to the base coat layer.

In some examples, the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate may comprise a third layer. The third layer may optionally comprise a pigment or dye. Optionally, the third layer comprises a printing coating (e.g., a coating having a wood grain effect, a verdigris effect, or an animal grain effect). In some examples, the third layer can be adhered to the base coat, and the clear coat can be adhered to the third layer.

Also provided is a coating system, optionally for preparing a multi-layer topcoat as described herein. A coating system as described herein includes a base coating component and a clear coating component that includes non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity. The color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light. Optionally, the concentration of the non-light fast colorant particles in the clear coating component is from about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.%.

Also described herein are methods of applying a multi-layer topcoat to a surface of a substrate. A method of applying a multi-layer topcoat to a surface of a substrate comprising: applying a base coating component to a surface of a substrate; drying the base coating component to form a base coating layer; applying a clear coating composition; and drying the clear coating composition to form a clear coating layer. The clear coating component may optionally include non-light fast colorant particles having color intensity. Optionally, the base coating may have a thickness of about 3 μm to about 25 μm. Optionally, the thickness of the clear coat layer can be from about 3 μm to about 50 μm. The method may further comprise the steps of: applying a third coating component and drying the third coating component to form a third coating layer. The steps of applying the third coating component and drying the third component may be performed after the step of drying the base coating and before the step of applying the clear coating. Optionally, the third coating component comprises a printing coating component.

Further described herein are coated metal substrates comprising a metal substrate, a base layer, and a coating layer comprising a pigment. The metal substrate may be a coil or a roof panel. The pigment absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 400nm to about 700nm and is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm. In some cases, the base layer may be adhered to the metal substrate. The coating may then be adhered to the base layer. In some cases, the coating may adhere to the metal substrate. The metal substrate may optionally comprise an aluminum or steel substrate. Optionally, the metal substrate comprises a surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm.

The coating may exhibit a black color. In some examples, the pigment in the coating is an organic black pigment, such as perylene black. The coated metal substrate can have a solar reflectance index of at least 50 (e.g., at least 75). The final temperature of the coated metal substrate can be at least 15 ℃ lower than a control coated metal substrate, wherein the control coated metal substrate comprises a metal substrate and a coating comprising a carbon black pigment. The final temperature is measured after about one hour of exposure to sunlight. Optionally, the final temperature is at least 20 ℃ lower or at least 25 ℃ lower than the control coated metal substrate.

Other objects, aspects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description of non-limiting examples and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1A shows the color change of an aluminum sample after exposure to ultraviolet a (uva) and ultraviolet b (uvb) light for 500 hours, 750 hours, and 1000 hours. Figure 1B shows the color change from the zinc color to the old zinc color of the sample.

Fig. 2 shows the color change after 505 hours or 1000 hours of exposure to UVB light for aluminum samples coated with a color changing topcoat comprising a polyester resin (VP100) in the clear coat and a polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF) in the clear coat.

Fig. 3 shows pictures of a standard sample with a white base coat (left panel) and a temperature controlled coated metal substrate with a white base coat (right panel) after one hour of exposure to sunlight.

Fig. 4 shows a picture of a standard sample (left panel) and a temperature controlled coated metal substrate with a white base coat (right panel) after one hour of exposure to sunlight.

Fig. 5 shows pictures of a temperature controlled coated metal substrate with a white base coating (left panel) and a temperature controlled coated metal substrate with a grey base coating (right panel) after one hour of exposure to sunlight.

Fig. 6 shows a picture of a temperature controlled coated metal substrate with various temperature controlled coatings after one hour of exposure to sunlight.

Detailed Description

Provided herein are substrates coated with a multi-layer topcoat, coating systems for preparing the multi-layer topcoat, and methods of applying the multi-layer topcoat to a substrate. The coating systems and topcoats described herein provide a color shifting effect to a substrate coated with the topcoat. In instances where the colored clearcoat (which may be the outermost layer in a multi-layer topcoat) contains non-lightfast colorant particles, upon exposure to light, the colorant particles will decompose and reduce color intensity. This reduction in color intensity can result in a colorless or substantially colorless outermost layer, which in turn exposes the color of the underlying layer (e.g., the color of the base or third layer). As used herein, the term "substantially colorless" means that less than 10% (e.g., less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, or less than 0.01%) of the original color intensity is retained. The color intensity and the change in color intensity can be measured using, for example, a spectrophotometer or colorimeter. Color intensity may be evaluated using the International Commission on Illumination (i.e., International Commission on Illumination, Commission interface de l' clairage or CIE) coordinate system.

Substrates suitable for coating with the topcoats described herein include metal substrates (e.g., aluminum or steel substrates). As used herein, a substrate is considered coated when a topcoat component is in contact with at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. Optionally, the entire surface of the substrate can be coated with a topcoat component as described herein. Optionally, more than one surface of the substrate may be coated with a topcoat component as described herein. Suitable substrates include substrates in the automotive industry (e.g., automotive panels), can industry (e.g., can tops), construction industry (e.g., roof panels), or any other suitable industry.

Definition and description

As used herein, the terms "invention," "the invention," "this invention," and "the invention" are intended to refer broadly to all subject matter of the present patent application and the claims that follow. Statements containing these terms should be understood as not limiting the subject matter described herein or as not limiting the meaning or scope of the following patent claims.

In this specification, reference is made to alloys identified by the aluminium industry name (such as "series" or "3 xxx"). To understand The numerical designation system most commonly used for naming and identifying Aluminum and its Alloys, please see "International Alloy Designations and chemical composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys" or "Registration records of Aluminum Association Alloy Designations and chemical composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in cast and Ingot Form" (Registration records of Aluminum Association Alloy Designations and chemical composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in The Form of Castings and ingots), "both of which are published by The Aluminum Association (The Aluminum Association).

As used herein, the meaning of "a", "an" and "the" includes singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

All ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated range of "1 to 10" should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more, e.g., 1 to 6.1, and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 5.5 to 10.

Coating system and coated substrate

Described herein are coating systems useful for preparing coatings and multi-layer topcoats on substrates. In some examples, the coating system may include non-light fast colorant particles in the outermost layer, and may thus produce a color changing finish. In other examples, the coating system may include a selectively absorptive pigment, and may thus produce a temperature controlled coating. The color-shifting topcoat and temperature-controlled coating and substrates coated with such topcoats are further described below.

Color-changing topcoat and coated substrates

The color shifting topcoat can be prepared from a coating system that includes a base coating component and a clear coating component. The base coating component may include any component typically used in base coating compositions, including polymers such as acrylic polymers or polyesters. Optionally, the base coating component may include one or more crosslinkers. The base coating component may also include a pigment or dye. The base coating component may further include a carrier, such as an aqueous or solvent-based carrier.

The clear coating component includes non-light fast colorant particles having a first color intensity. As used herein, non-light fast colorant particles refer to unstable colorant particles that decompose upon exposure to light, resulting in a loss of color. The color intensity of the colorant particles may decrease upon exposure to light, thereby producing a second color intensity. Optionally, the light is ultraviolet light or radiation, such as ultraviolet light or radiation included in sunlight.

The clear coating component may also include one or more polymers, such as acrylic polymers or polyesters. Optionally, the clear coating component may include one or more crosslinkers. The clear coating component may also include a pigment or dye. The clear coating component may include a carrier, such as an aqueous or solvent-based carrier. The concentration of the non-light fast colorant particles in the clear coating component can be from about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, based on the weight of the clear coating component. For example, the concentration of the non-light fast colorant particles can be about 0.05 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.%. The concentration may optionally be about 0.01 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 13 wt.%, about 13.5 wt.%, about 13 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5wt, About 17.0 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 18.0 wt.%, about 18.5 wt.%, about 19.0 wt.%, about 19.5 wt.%, about 20.0 wt.%, about 20.5 wt.%, about 21.0 wt.%, about 21.5 wt.%, about 22.0 wt.%, about 22.5 wt.%, about 23.0 wt.%, about 23.5 wt.%, about 24.0 wt.%, about 24.5 wt.%, about 25.0 wt.%, about 25.5 wt.%, about 26.0 wt.%, about 26.5 wt.%, about 27.0 wt.%, about 27.5 wt.%, about 28.0 wt.%, about 28.5 wt.%, about 29.0 wt.%, about 29.5 wt.%, or about 30.0 wt.%.

The coating system can be applied to a substrate to form a substrate coated with a multi-layer topcoat. In some examples, a substrate coated with a multilayer topcoat includes a substrate, a base coat, and a clear coat.

The base coat is prepared from the base coat components described herein. In particular, the base coating may include a pigment or a dye. For example, the base coating can include metal oxides (e.g., titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and iron oxide), carbon black, organic pigments and dyes, metal flake pigments, filler pigments, and silica. Optionally, the base coat may include a printed pattern.

The clearcoat layer can be adhered to the basecoat layer such that the clearcoat layer is the outermost layer of the topcoat (i.e., the layer where the topcoat is exposed to the environment). The clearcoat layer is prepared from a clearcoat component and includes non-light-fast colorant particles. The non-light fast colorant particles have a color intensity, wherein the color intensity of the colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light. The color intensity of the colorant particles may be reduced by an extent of at least 10% compared to the original color intensity of the colorant particles. For example, the color intensity of the colorant particles can be reduced by at least 50% (e.g., at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%) as compared to the original color intensity of the colorant particles. Optionally, the colorant particles are substantially colorless after exposure to light.

The non-light fast colorant particles may include dyes, pigments, and/or additives. Suitable dyes include, but are not limited to, organic dyes (e.g., anthraquinone dyes, anthracene dyes, azo dyes, pyrazolone dyes, and quinone dyes). Suitable pigments include, for example, bismuth oxychloride, carmine, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, kaolin, ultramarine violet 3519, ultramarine blue, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, silica, manganese violet, talc, mica, and titanium dioxide, among others. Additives suitable for use as non-light fast colorant particles include, but are not limited to, Ultraviolet (UV) absorbers and protectants. Optionally, the colorant particle includes at least one olefinic group (i.e., at least one double bond). Without being bound by theory, the colorant particles include double bonds that are cleaved by light and oxygen, which results in a loss of color of the dye.

The dried clear coating comprises from about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of the non-light fast colorant particles. For example, the concentration of the non-light fast colorant particles in the dried clear coating can be from about 0.05 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, from about 0.1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, from about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or from about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.%. The concentration may optionally be about 0.01 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 13 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 6.14 wt.%, about 6, About 17.0 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 18.0 wt.%, about 18.5 wt.%, about 19.0 wt.%, about 19.5 wt.%, about 20.0 wt.%, about 20.5 wt.%, about 21.0 wt.%, about 21.5 wt.%, about 22.0 wt.%, about 22.5 wt.%, about 23.0 wt.%, about 23.5 wt.%, about 24.0 wt.%, about 24.5 wt.%, about 25.0 wt.%, about 25.5 wt.%, about 26.0 wt.%, about 26.5 wt.%, about 27.0 wt.%, about 27.5 wt.%, about 28.0 wt.%, about 28.5 wt.%, about 29.0 wt.%, about 29.5 wt.%, or about 30.0 wt.%. The amount of colorant particles in the clear coat can be adjusted to achieve the desired effect in the product. By selecting a target amount of non-light fast colorant particles in the clear coat, the effect of a color shifting topcoat can be achieved. As the particles lose color, the underlying topcoat layer may become visible during the transition until the particles lose substantially all of the color, and then the topcoat layer underlying the clearcoat may be primarily visible.

The Color of one or more surfaces of the product can be quantified by colorimetric measurements using "CIE-LAB" Color scales, as described in "Hunter L, a, b Versus CIE 1976L a b (Hunter L, a, b Versus CIE 1976L a b)", Application Notes (applications Notes), "Color Insight Color (Insight on Color), vol 13, No. 2 (2008). The CIE-LAB color scale is based on the opponent theory, which assumes that receptors in the human eye perceive color as a pair of opponent colors: dark-light ("L value"), red-green ("a value"), and yellow-blue ("b value").

The L value refers to the lightness or the depth of the color of the surface of the product. A value of 100 indicates the lightest color, and a value of 0 indicates the darkest color. The value a refers to the redness or greenness of the surface of the product. The a value refers to the redness of the product surface, and the a value refers to the greenness of the product surface. The b value refers to the yellowness or blueness of the surface of the product. Positive b values refer to the yellowness of the surface of the product, while negative b values refer to the blueness of the surface of the product.

For example, upon initial use, the topcoat can mimic the appearance of new metallic copper, and then change appearance to a green topcoat upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. As shown in fig. 1A and described in terms of CIE-LAB values below, the original topcoat of the aluminum samples was brown/copper in color. The original topcoat (i.e., brown/copper colored topcoat) for the aluminum sample had an L value of 36.15, an a value of 19.38, and a b value of 15.01. After 500 hours of exposure to uv B radiation, the sample color changed from brown/copper to a mottled green copper green. After 1000 hours of exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, the brown/copper color was no longer visible; only the green base layer with the printed layer of verdigris is visible. After 1000 hours of exposure to uv B radiation, the L value was changed to 64.06, the a value was changed to-12.60, and the B value was changed to 0.27. a change from positive to negative indicates a change from having a red hue to having a green hue, thereby mimicking the oxidation of copper.

In another example, the topcoat can mimic the appearance of new metallic zinc when first applied, and then change in appearance to old zinc when exposed to ultraviolet radiation (i.e., weathered zinc, which has an appearance similar to zinc that has been exposed to light for a period of time). As shown in fig. 1B, the sample color has changed to the old zinc appearance after a period of exposure to light.

In some examples, the topcoat may comprise multiple layers. For example, the topcoat may be a 2-layer system, where the colored base coat is the first layer. When the colorant particles in the clear coat lose their color, the colored base coat becomes visible.

In other examples, the topcoat may be a 3-layer system. In other words, a substrate coated with a multi-layer topcoat may optionally include a third layer. The third layer may include a pigment or dye. Optionally, the third layer may include a print coating. The printing coating may include, for example, a wood grain effect, a verdigris effect, or an animal grain effect. The third layer may be adhered to the base coat. Optionally, a third layer is adjacent to both the base coat (on one side) and the clear coat (on the other side). In other words, the third layer may be sandwiched between the base coating layer and the clear coating layer. In some examples, the colored base coat can be the layer in contact with the substrate, the clear coat can be the outermost layer, and a third layer can be present between the base coat and the clear coat. Optionally, the third layer may be partially covered with a colored base coat. When the colorant particles in the clear coat lose their color, the visible portions of the second and first layers may become visible. In further examples, the topcoat can be 4 or more layers.

The polymers used in the clearcoat may affect the color change effect of the topcoat. The UV absorbance of the polymer in the resin system may be matched to the topcoat to achieve a desired color change rate in the topcoat. In some examples, the clear coat may use a polyester resin system. In some examples, the clear coat may include a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin system.

The topcoat may be used to coat a substrate. Optionally, the substrate comprises a metal substrate, such as an aluminum substrate or a steel substrate. For example, the topcoat may be applied to a roof panel, coil, or other suitable aluminum or steel product. Optionally, the aluminum substrate comprises a 1xxx series aluminum alloy, a 2xxx series aluminum alloy, a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, a 4xxx series aluminum alloy, a 5xxx series aluminum alloy, a 6xxx series aluminum alloy, a 7xxx series aluminum alloy, or an 8xxx series aluminum alloy.

1 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA1050, AA1060, AA1070, AA1100A, AA1200A, AA1300, AA1110, AA1120, AA1230A, AA1235, AA1435, AA1145, AA1345, AA1445, AA1150, AA1350A, AA1450, AA1370, AA1275, AA1185, AA1285, 138AA 1385, AA1188, AA1190, AA1290, AA1193, AA1198, and AA 1199.

2 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA2001, a2002, AA2004, AA2005, AA2006, AA2007A, AA2007B, AA2008, AA2009, AA2010, AA2011A, AA2111A, AA2111B, AA2012, AA2013, AA2014A, AA2214, AA2015, AA2016, AA2017, AA 201A, AA2117, AA2018, AA2218, AA2618A, AA2219, AA2319, AA2419, AA2519, AA 2022021, AA2022, AA2023, AA2024, AA 202A, AA2124, AA2224, AA 203203203203A, AA 2032322032324, AA2034, AA2524, AA2624, AA2824, AA 285, AA2026, AA2097, AA2098, AA 2032032098, AA2099, AA2098, AA2099, AA 2096, AA2099, AA 2096, AA2099, AA 2096, AA 2032032032032032032032032032032036, AA2099, AA2098, AA2099, AA2094, AA2099, AA 2096, AA2098, AA2099, AA 2098.

3xxx series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA3002, AA3102, AA3003, AA3103A, AA3103B, AA3203, AA3403, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005A, AA3105A, AA3105B, AA3007, AA3107, AA3207, AA7 3207A, AA3307, AA3009, AA3010, AA3110, AA3011, AA3012A, AA3013, AA3014, AA3015, AA3016, AA3017, AA3019, AA3020, AA3021, AA3025, AA3026, AA3030, AA3130, and AA 3065.

4 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA4004, AA4104, AA4006, AA4007, AA4008, AA4009, AA4010, AA4013, AA4014, AA4015A, AA4115, AA4016, AA4017, AA4018, AA4019, AA4020, AA4021, AA4026, AA4032, AA4043A, AA4143, AA4343, AA4643, AA4943, AA4044, AA4045, AA4145A, AA4046, AA4047A, and AA 4147.

5 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA5005A, AA5205, AA5305, AA5505, AA5605, AA5006, AA5106, AA5010, AA5110A, AA5210, AA5310, AA5016, AA5017, AA5018A, AA5019, AA5119, AA 51A, AA5021, AA5022, AA5023, AA5024, AA5026, AA5027, AA5028, AA5040, AA5140, AA5041, AA5042, AA5043, AA5049, AA5149, AA5249, AA5349, AA5449, AA 54A, AA5050, AA 505A, AA5050C, AA5150, AA 525554, AA 515554, AA 525554, 515554, AA 525554, AA 515554, AA 525583, AA 515554, AA 525554, AA 515554, AA 525583, AA 515554, AA 515583, AA 515554, AA 515583, AA 515554, AA 515583, AA5 AA 515554, AA 515583, AA 515554, AA 515583, AA.

6 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA6101A, AA6101B, AA6201A, AA6401, AA6501, AA6002, AA6003, AA6103, AA6005, AA 600A, AA6005B, AA6005C, AA6105, AA6205, AA6305, AA6006, AA6106, AA6206, AA6306, AA6008, AA6009, AA6010, AA6110A, AA1, AA6111, AA6012, AA A, AA6013, AA6113, AA 634, AA6015, AA6016, AA 601A, AA6116, AA6018, AA6019, AA6020, AA6021, AA6022, 6023, AA6024, AA6025, AA6026, AA6016, AA 601A, AA 6060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060606060.

Suitable 7 xxx-series aluminum alloys for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA7019, AA7020, AA7021, AA7039, AA7072, AA7075, AA7085, AA7108A, AA7015, AA7017, AA7018, AA7019A, AA7024, AA7025, AA7028, AA7030, AA7031, AA7035A, AA7046A, AA7003, AA7004, AA7005, AA7009, AA7010, AA7011, AA7012, AA7014, AA7016, AA7116, AA7122, AA7023, AA7026, AA7029, AA7229, AA7032, AA7033, AA7034, AA7036, AA7136, AA7037, AA7040, AA7140, AA7041, AA7056, AA7049, AA7068, AA7075, AA7049, AA7075, AA7049, AA7075, AA7049, AA 7075.

8 xxx-series aluminum alloys suitable for use as aluminum substrates include, for example, AA8005, AA8006, AA8007, AA8008, AA8010, AA8011A, AA8111, AA8211, AA8112, AA8014, AA8015, AA8016, AA8017, AA8018, AA8019, AA8021A, AA8021B, AA8022, AA8023, AA8024, AA8025, AA8026, AA8030, AA8130, AA8040, AA8050, AA8150, AA8076, AA80 8076A, AA8176, AA8077, AA8079, AA8090, AA8091, and AA 8093.

Temperature-controlled coating and coated substrate

Temperature-controlled coatings can be prepared from coating systems that include pigments. Pigments used in coating systems absorb electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of about 400nm to about 700nm (e.g., about 450nm to about 650 nm). For example, the pigment absorbs electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) having a wavelength of about 400nm, about 450nm, about 500nm, about 550nm, about 600nm, about 650nm, or about 700 nm. The pigment is also transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm. For example, the pigment is transparent to electromagnetic radiation (e.g., near infrared radiation) having wavelengths greater than about 700nm to about 2500 nm. The concentration of pigment in the coating system may be about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.%. For example, the concentration of pigment in the coating system may be about 0.05 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.%. The concentration may optionally be about 0.01 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 13 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 6.14 wt.%, about 6, About 17.0 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 18.0 wt.%, about 18.5 wt.%, about 19.0 wt.%, about 19.5 wt.%, about 20.0 wt.%, about 20.5 wt.%, about 21.0 wt.%, about 21.5 wt.%, about 22.0 wt.%, about 22.5 wt.%, about 23.0 wt.%, about 23.5 wt.%, about 24.0 wt.%, about 24.5 wt.%, about 25.0 wt.%, about 25.5 wt.%, about 26.0 wt.%, about 26.5 wt.%, about 27.0 wt.%, about 27.5 wt.%, about 28.0 wt.%, about 28.5 wt.%, about 29.0 wt.%, about 29.5 wt.%, or about 30.0 wt.%.

The coating system can be applied to a metal substrate to form a coated metal substrate. In some examples, the coated metal substrate includes a metal substrate and a coating. In some examples, the coated metal substrate includes a metal substrate, a white base layer, and a coating layer.

The metal substrate may be made of aluminum (e.g., an aluminum alloy as described above) or steel. In some examples, the metal substrate may be in the form of a coil or a roof panel. In some examples, the metal substrate may have a smooth surface. In other examples, the metal substrate may have a corrugated surface. The metal substrate may include at least one surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm.

The white base layer is adhered to the metal substrate, and the coating layer is adhered to the white base layer. The coating is prepared from the coating system described above. Specifically, the coating includes a pigment that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 400nm to about 700nm and is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700nm, as described above. The pigment may be, for example, an organic black pigment, such as perylene black. The coating may additionally include other pigments, dyes, and suitable additives (e.g., absorbers).

The dried coating comprises from about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of the pigment. For example, the concentration of pigment in the dried coating can be about 0.05 wt.% to about 25 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.%. The concentration may optionally be about 0.01 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.%, about 0.2 wt.%, about 0.3 wt.%, about 0.4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.6 wt.%, about 0.7 wt.%, about 0.8 wt.%, about 0.9 wt.%, about 1.0 wt.%, about 1.5 wt.%, about 2.0 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 3.0 wt.%, about 3.5 wt.%, about 4.0 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 5.0 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, about 6.0 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.5.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 0.14.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 13 wt.%, about 0.14 wt.%, about 6.5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.%, about 6.14 wt.%, about 6, About 17.0 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 18.0 wt.%, about 18.5 wt.%, about 19.0 wt.%, about 19.5 wt.%, about 20.0 wt.%, about 20.5 wt.%, about 21.0 wt.%, about 21.5 wt.%, about 22.0 wt.%, about 22.5 wt.%, about 23.0 wt.%, about 23.5 wt.%, about 24.0 wt.%, about 24.5 wt.%, about 25.0 wt.%, about 25.5 wt.%, about 26.0 wt.%, about 26.5 wt.%, about 27.0 wt.%, about 27.5 wt.%, about 28.0 wt.%, about 28.5 wt.%, about 29.0 wt.%, about 29.5 wt.%, or about 30.0 wt.%.

When the coating layer is applied to the base layer, the coating layer may exhibit a black or dark color. As used herein, dark color refers to a color having a lightness L of less than 40 when measured according to the following parameters: CIE-LAB, light source: d65, observer: 10 °, geometry: specular reflection is excluded at 45 °/0 °. As described herein, the coated metal substrate including the base layer and the coating layer has a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) similar to that of a white pigment. For example, the coated metal substrate has an SRI of at least about 50 (e.g., at least about 51, at least about 52, at least about 53, at least about 54, at least about 55, at least about 56, at least about 57, at least about 58, at least about 59, at least about 60, at least about 61, at least about 62, at least about 63, at least about 64, at least about 65, at least about 66, at least about 67, at least about 68, at least about 69, at least about 70, at least about 71, at least about 72, at least about 73, at least about 74, at least about 75, at least about 76, at least about 77, at least about 78, at least about 79, at least about 80, at least about 81, at least about 82, at least about 83, at least about 84, or at least about 85). As such, the coated metal substrate exhibits a temperature after exposure to sunlight similar to that exhibited by a white pigment coated metal substrate and much lower than that exhibited by a carbon black pigment coated metal substrate. The metal substrate coated with the carbon black pigment is referred to herein as a control coated metal substrate. For example, the final temperature of the coated metal substrates described herein may be at least 15 ℃ lower than the control coated metal substrate after both substrates have been exposed to sunlight for about one hour. The final temperature may be at least 20 ℃ or at least 25 ℃ lower than the control coated metal substrate.

Method for applying a top coat

Also described herein are methods for applying a color-changing topcoat to a metal substrate (e.g., an aluminum or steel substrate). In some examples, a method comprises applying a base coating component to a surface of a substrate. The base coating component may be applied using any technique, including dipping and/or spraying. The base coating component can be dried to form the base coating. The thickness of the base coat is about 3 μm to about 25 μm (e.g., about 5 μm to about 20 μm or about 10 μm to about 15 μm). In some examples, the thickness of the base coating can be about 3 μm, about 4 μm, about 5 μm, about 6 μm, about 7 μm, about 8 μm, about 9 μm, about 10 μm, about 11 μm, about 12 μm, about 13 μm, about 14 μm, about 15 μm, about 16 μm, about 17 μm, about 18 μm, about 19 μm, about 20 μm, about 21 μm, about 22 μm, about 23 μm, about 24 μm, or about 25 μm.

In some examples, the clear coating component may then be applied to the base coating component or the intermediate layer. The clear coating component may include non-light fast colorant particles in a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture. The clear coat component can then be dried to form a clear coat layer. The thickness of the clear coat layer can be about 3 μm to about 50 μm (e.g., about 5 μm to about 40 μm or about 10 μm to about 30 μm). In some examples, the thickness of the clear coating can be about 3 μm, about 4 μm, about 5 μm, about 6 μm, about 7 μm, about 8 μm, about 9 μm, about 10 μm, about 11 μm, about 12 μm, about 13 μm, about 14 μm, about 15 μm, about 16 μm, about 17 μm, about 18 μm, about 19 μm, about 20 μm, about 21 μm, about 22 μm, about 23 μm, about 24 μm, about 25 μm, about 26 μm, about 27 μm, about 28 μm, about 29 μm, about 30 μm, about 31 μm, about 32 μm, about 33 μm, about 34 μm, about 35 μm, about 36 μm, about 37 μm, about 38 μm, about 39 μm, about 40 μm, about 41 μm, about 42 μm, about 43 μm, about 44 μm, about 45 μm, about 46 μm, about 47 μm, about 48 μm, about 49 μm or about 50 μm.

Optionally, the method may include applying a third coating component and drying the third coating component to form a third layer. The steps of applying the third coating component and drying the third coating component may be performed after the step of drying the base coating and before the step of applying the clear coating. Optionally, the third coating component comprises a printing coating component. The thickness of the print coat can be about 0.5 μm to about 30 μm (e.g., about 1 μm to about 25 μm or about 10 μm to about 15 μm). In some examples, the thickness of the printed coating can be about 0.5 μm, about 1 μm, about 2 μm, about 3 μm, about 4 μm, about 5 μm, about 6 μm, about 7 μm, about 8 μm, about 9 μm, about 10 μm, about 11 μm, about 12 μm, about 13 μm, about 14 μm, about 15 μm, about 16 μm, about 17 μm, about 18 μm, about 19 μm, about 20 μm, about 21 μm, about 22 μm, about 23 μm, about 24 μm, about 25 μm, about 26 μm, about 27 μm, about 28 μm, about 29 μm, or about 30 μm.

Further described herein is a method for applying a temperature controlled coating to a metal substrate (e.g., an aluminum or steel substrate). In some examples, the method comprises applying a white base layer to a surface of a substrate. The white base layer may be applied using any technique, including dip coating and/or spray coating. The white base layer may be dried to form a base coating. The thickness of the white base layer is about 3 μm to about 25 μm (e.g., about 5 μm to about 20 μm or about 10 μm to about 15 μm). In some examples, the thickness of the white base layer can be about 3 μm, about 4 μm, about 5 μm, about 6 μm, about 7 μm, about 8 μm, about 9 μm, about 10 μm, about 11 μm, about 12 μm, about 13 μm, about 14 μm, about 15 μm, about 16 μm, about 17 μm, about 18 μm, about 19 μm, about 20 μm, about 21 μm, about 22 μm, about 23 μm, about 24 μm, or about 25 μm.

In some examples, the coating composition may then be applied to the white base layer. As described above, the coating composition may include pigment particles that absorb electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of about 400nm to about 700nm and are transparent to electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths greater than about 700 nm. The pigment particles may be in a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture. The coating composition may then be dried to form a coating. The thickness of the coating can be about 3 μm to about 50 μm (e.g., about 5 μm to about 40 μm or about 10 μm to about 30 μm). In some examples, the thickness of the coating can be about 3 μm, about 4 μm, about 5 μm, about 6 μm, about 7 μm, about 8 μm, about 9 μm, about 10 μm, about 11 μm, about 12 μm, about 13 μm, about 14 μm, about 15 μm, about 16 μm, about 17 μm, about 18 μm, about 19 μm, about 20 μm, about 21 μm, about 22 μm, about 23 μm, about 24 μm, about 25 μm, about 26 μm, about 27 μm, about 28 μm, about 29 μm, about 30 μm, about 31 μm, about 32 μm, about 33 μm, about 34 μm, about 35 μm, about 36 μm, about 37 μm, about 38 μm, about 39 μm, about 40 μm, about 41 μm, about 42 μm, about 43 μm, about 44 μm, about 45 μm, about 47 μm, about 48 μm, or about 49 μm.

The following description and examples will serve to further illustrate the invention without, however, constituting any limitation thereto. On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had to various embodiments, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, during the study described in the examples below, conventional procedures were followed. Some procedures are described below for illustrative purposes.

Description of the invention

Description 1 is a substrate coated with a multilayer topcoat comprising: a substrate; a base coating adhered to the substrate; and a clear coating comprising non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity, wherein the color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light.

Instruction 2 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein upon exposure to light, the color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 10% as compared to an original color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles.

Instruction 3 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein upon exposure to light, the color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 50% as compared to an original color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles.

Instruction 4 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein upon exposure to light, the color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 75% as compared to an original color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles.

Instruction 5 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein upon exposure to light, the color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles is reduced by at least about 90% as compared to an original color intensity of the non-lightfast colorant particles.

Description 6 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles are substantially colorless upon exposure to light.

Description 7 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles comprise at least one of a dye or a pigment.

Description 8 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the non-light-fast colorant particles comprise at least one olefin group.

Description 9 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any previous or subsequent description, wherein the substrate comprises a metal substrate.

Description 10 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate as described in any previous or subsequent description, wherein the metal substrate comprises an aluminum substrate.

Description 11 is a multi-layer topcoat coated substrate as described in any previous or subsequent description, wherein the aluminum substrate comprises a roof panel or coil.

Description 12 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the metal substrate comprises a steel substrate.

Description 13 is a substrate coated with a multi-layer topcoat, as described in any previous or subsequent description, wherein the base coat comprises a pigment or dye.

Description 14 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any previous or subsequent description, wherein the base coat comprises a printed pattern.

Description 15 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent description, wherein the clear coat layer is adhered to the base coat layer.

Description 16 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any previous or subsequent description, further comprising a third layer.

Instruction 17 is a substrate coated with the multi-layer topcoat, wherein the third layer comprises a pigment or dye, according to any previous or subsequent instruction.

Description 18 is a multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the third layer comprises a print coating.

Instruction 19 is the multi-layer topcoat coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein the print coating comprises a wood grain effect, a verdigris effect, or an animal grain effect.

Instruction 20 is the multi-layer topcoat-coated substrate of any previous or subsequent instruction, wherein the third layer is adhered to the base coat, and the clear coat layer is adhered to the third layer.

Description 21 is a coating system comprising: a base coating component; and a clear coating component comprising non-light fast colorant particles having a color intensity, wherein the color intensity of the non-light fast colorant particles decreases upon exposure to light.

Description 22 is the coating system of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the concentration of the non-light fast colorant particles in the clear coating component is about 0.01 wt.% to about 30 wt.%.

Description 23 is a method of applying a multi-layer topcoat to a surface of a substrate according to any of the preceding or subsequent descriptions, comprising: applying a base coating component to the substrate surface; drying the base coating component to form a base coating layer; applying a clear coating composition; and drying the clear coating composition to form a clear coating layer.

Description 24 is the method of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the clear coating component comprises non-light fast colorant particles having color intensity.

Description 25 is the method of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the base coating has a thickness of about 3 μm to about 25 μm.

Description 26 is the method of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the thickness of the clear coat layer is from about 3 μm to about 50 μm.

Description 27 is the method of any previous or subsequent description, further comprising applying a third coating component and drying the third coating component to form a third coating layer.

Description 28 is the method of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the steps of applying the third coating component and drying the third coating component are performed after the step of drying the base coating and before the step of applying the clear coating.

Description 29 is the method of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the third coating component comprises a printing coating component.

Description 30 is a coated metal substrate comprising: a metal substrate, wherein the metal substrate is a coil or a roofing panel; a white base layer adhered to the metal substrate; and a coating comprising a pigment that absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 400nm to about 700nm and is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700nm, wherein the coating is adhered to the white base layer.

Description 31 is a coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the metal substrate comprises an aluminum substrate or a steel substrate.

Description 32 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the metal substrate comprises a surface that reflects electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm.

Description 33 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the coating exhibits a black color.

Description 34 is the coated metal substrate of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the pigment is an organic black pigment.

Description 35 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the organic black pigment is a perylene black.

Description 36 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent description, wherein the coated metal substrate has a solar reflectance index of at least 50.

Description 37 is the coated metal substrate of any previous or subsequent description, wherein the solar reflectance index is at least 75.

Description 38 is the coated metal substrate of any preceding or subsequent description, wherein after one hour of exposure the coated metal substrate has a final temperature at least 15 ℃ lower than a control coated metal substrate, wherein the control coated metal substrate comprises a metal substrate and a coating comprising a carbon black pigment.

Instruction 39 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding or subsequent instruction, wherein the final temperature is at least 20 ℃ lower than the control coated metal substrate.

Description 40 is the coated metal substrate according to any preceding description, wherein the final temperature is at least 25 ℃ lower than the control coated metal substrate.

Examples of the invention

Example 1: exemplary colorants

Table 1 below lists exemplary non-light fast colorants tested.

TABLE 1

Example 2: color-changing finish paint

A metal substrate coated with the above-described color-changing coating system and including a polyester resin (VP100) or a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin in a clear coat layer was exposed to ultraviolet rays for 505 hours or 1000 hours. Polyester resins produce the desired results. However, PVDF resins have better Ultraviolet (UV) stability than polyester resins. As shown in fig. 2, PVDF slowly changes the color from brown-orange to copper-green. The PVDF sample had less color change after exposure to UV-B radiation than the VP100 sample in both the 505 and 1000 hour tests.

Example 3: temperature control coating

After one hour of exposure to sunlight, the temperature of the temperature controlled coated substrate with the white base coating was compared to the temperature of a control coated metal substrate (i.e., a standard pigment coated substrate with a white base coating). As shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, after one hour of exposure, the temperature controlled coated substrate exhibited a lower temperature than the standard coated metal substrate. In fig. 3, the final temperature of the coated metal substrate with the white base coat described herein was 27 ℃ lower than the control metal substrate sample with the white base coat after both substrates had been exposed to sunlight for one hour. The SRI of the temperature-controlled coated substrate was 72, while the SRI of the standard coated metal substrate was 0. In fig. 4, the final temperature of the coated metal substrates described herein with the white base coat was 26 ℃ lower than the control metal substrate sample after both substrates had been exposed to sunlight for one hour. The SRI of the temperature-controlled coated substrate was 68, while the SRI of the standard coated metal substrate was 0. In fig. 5, the final temperature of the coated metal substrate combined with the white base coating described herein (left) was 30.3 ℃ lower than the coated metal substrate combined with the gray base coating described herein (right) after both substrates had been exposed to sunlight for one hour. The combination of the white base coating and the temperature control coating described herein exhibited a significantly lower temperature after one hour of exposure.

Example 4: temperature control coating

After one hour of each exposure to sunlight, the temperature of the temperature controlled coated substrate with the various coatings applied to the white base coating was compared to the temperature of a control coated metal substrate (i.e., a standard pigment coated substrate with a white base coating). Fig. 6 illustrates a temperature-controlled coated substrate. Table 2 details the measured colorimetric values, reflectance values, and temperatures of the temperature-controlled coated substrate and the control coated metal substrate.

TABLE 2

The color of the temperature controlled coatings was quantified by colorimetric measurements using the CIE-LAB color scale, as described above and as described in "Hunter L, a, b vs CIE 1976L a b", application notes, color insights, volume 13, phase 2 (2008). The CIE-LAB color scale is based on the opponent theory, which assumes that receptors in the human eye perceive color as a pair of opponent colors: dark-light ("L value"), red-green ("a value"), and yellow-blue ("b value").

As mentioned above, the value of L refers to the lightness or darkness of the temperature control coating. A value of 100 for L indicates the lightest color and a value of 0 for L indicates the darkest color. As shown in table 2, the temperature-controlled coatings described herein exhibited L values of about 29 to about 39 as measured by the CIE-LAB color scale. Table 2 also shows that the L value of the control sample is about 27 as measured by the CIE-LAB color scale.

and the value a refers to the red or green degree of the temperature control coating. Positive a values refer to the redness of the temperature controlled coating, while negative a values refer to the greenness of the temperature controlled coating. As shown in table 2, the temperature control coatings described herein exhibited a values as a function of the perceived color of the temperature control coating, as measured by the CIE-LAB color scale. For example, a greener a value (e.g., -3.78) was measured for the bluish gray sample 1, and a redder a value (e.g., 1.27) was measured for the brown sample 6.

The b value refers to the yellowness or blueness of the temperature control coating. Positive b values refer to the yellowness of the temperature-controlled coating, while negative b values refer to the blueness of the temperature-controlled coating. As shown in table 2, the temperature control coatings described herein exhibited b values that varied with the perceived color of the temperature control coating, as measured by the CIE-LAB color scale. For example, blue gray sample 1 measured a more blue b value (e.g., -7.14), while gray brown sample 5 measured a more yellow b value (e.g., 1.46).

The R value refers to the reflectance of the temperature-controlled coating. A reflectance value (R value) of 1 represents 100% reflectance and an R value of 0 represents 100% absorbance. As shown in table 2, the control coated sample 8 exhibited a significantly lower reflectance (e.g., 0.058) compared to the temperature controlled coated sample with a reflectance in the range of 0.44 to 0.584.

As shown in table 2, after one hour of exposure, the temperature controlled coated substrate exhibited a lower temperature (e.g., 56 ℃ to 63.4 ℃) than a standard coated metal substrate (e.g., 82.1 ℃). The SRI of the temperature-controlled coated substrate is 50 to 70, while the SRI of the standard coated metal substrate is 1. Interestingly, the temperature controlled coated sample had the same color as the control sample (e.g., dark gray, see sample 4 and sample 8) and had a similar lightness of color (L;) and was more than 20 ℃ cooler than the control sample (sample 8) after one hour of exposure to sunlight.

Most notably, temperature-controlled coated samples provided lower temperatures after one hour of exposure to sunlight, regardless of lightness of color (L value) and color. As shown in table 2, regardless of a and/or b values, the temperature controlled coated samples exhibited improved SRI values and significantly lower temperatures after one hour of exposure to sunlight. Thus, deeper temperature control coatings (e.g., L x value <50) reflect solar radiation significantly to maintain lower substrate temperatures exposed to direct sunlight.

All patents, publications, and abstracts cited above are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Various embodiments of the present invention have been described to achieve various objects of the present invention. It should be recognized that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various modifications and adaptations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.