阅读说明：本技术 一种丸粒化种子及其制备方法和应用 (Pelleted seed and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 梅俊豪 陈晓枫 赵军 魏亚 宋培玲 李子钦 于 2019-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种丸粒化种子,所述丸粒化种子包括种子,在所述种子的外表面依次包覆丸粒化粉、杀虫剂、丸粒化粉,所述丸粒化粉中包括水杨酸。通过添加适量的杀虫剂与适量的丸粒化粉混合对种子进行包裹,使制备得到的丸粒化种子中,药剂的添加量适中,有利于在种子萌发和幼苗生长阶段消除虫害的影响；同时,通过添加适量重量的丸粒化粉进行包裹,使包裹得到的药剂紧实,不会脱落,能够进一步地防治各作物的虫害,并降低幼苗后期预防虫害的难度和次数。(The invention provides a pelleted seed which comprises a seed, wherein the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelleting powder, an insecticide and pelleting powder, and the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid. The seeds are wrapped by adding a proper amount of pesticide and mixing with a proper amount of pelleting powder, so that the prepared pelleting seeds have moderate addition of the pesticide, and the influence of insect pests is favorably eliminated in the seed germination and seedling growth stages; meanwhile, the coated powder with proper weight is added for coating, so that the coated medicament is compact and does not fall off, the insect damage of each crop can be further prevented and treated, and the difficulty and the times of preventing the insect damage in the later stage of the seedling are reduced.)

1. The pelleted seed is characterized by comprising a seed, wherein the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelleting powder, insecticide and pelleting powder, and the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid.

2. Pelleted seed according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of the added weight of seed, insecticide and pelleted powder is 1: (0.002-0.028): (1.5 to 7).

3. Pelletised seed according to claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises a binder, the ratio by weight of binder to the weight of pelletised powder being 1: (1.0-1.2).

4. Pelleted seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the insecticide is selected from one or more of dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, flonicamid, chlorantraniliprole, pyridaben, acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr or Bt; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the pelletized powder comprises growth stimulin, medium trace elements and other nutrient substances.

5. A pelleted seed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the formulation of the insecticide is bulk drug, emulsifiable concentrate, water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspension, seed treatment emulsion, suspended seed coating or seed treatment suspension.

6. Pelleted seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seed comprises rape seed, mustard seed, cabbage seed, cauliflower seed, broccoli seed, chinese cabbage seed, radish seed.

7. A method of preparing pelleted seeds comprising the steps of:

selecting seeds;

adding the pelleting powder into the seeds, standing for 30-90s, adding the pelleting powder again, standing, and repeating the operation for 4-26 times; adding the insecticide for mixing treatment 2-6 times before the operation is finished;

after all the pelletized powder is added, operating for 3-5 min; screening and drying to obtain the pelleted seeds.

8. A method of preparing pelleted seed as claimed in claim 7, in which the ratio of the weight of the pelleted powder to the weight of the seed at a single addition is (1-1.1): 4.

9. the method for preparing pelleted seeds of claim 7, wherein in the step of drying, the drying method is selected from the group consisting of placing in a room for natural air drying or placing at 30-50 ℃ for drying for 20-60 minutes for drying.

10. The application of the pelleted seeds is characterized in that the pelleted seeds are applied to controlling insect pests in the seedling stage of crops.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural chemistry, in particular to pelleted seeds and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Cruciferae is a main oil crop and vegetable crop in China, wherein the planting area of rape is more than 1 hundred million acres, and rapeseed oil accounts for more than 50% of the oil yield of the domestic oil crop and is the first source of domestic edible oil; the planting area of the cruciferous vegetables is close to half of the total planting area of the vegetables. Cruciferae seeds are generally small, the thousand seed weight is mostly 1-4g, the main planting modes are manual hole sowing, broadcast sowing, mechanical drilling and seedling transplanting, the problems of large seed consumption, labor consumption and the like exist, and the cruciferae seeds are difficult to adapt to the requirement of accurate quantitative sowing in modern agriculture.

The cruciferous crops are particularly easy to cause various insect pests, such as phyllotreta striolata larvae damaging root barks of seedlings of the cruciferous crops or biting and breaking root hairs to cause withering of the seedlings, and adult biting of cotyledons of the seedlings or biting of growth points to cause death of the whole plants, both of which can cause large-area ridge-lacking and seedling-breaking phenomena, thus seriously affecting the normal production of the cruciferous crops; and other pests mainly gnaw plant leaves to influence the commodity value of the cruciferous vegetables. The traditional pesticide spray for preventing and treating insect pests has a series of problems of short duration, multiple pesticide application times, large workload and the like, and the conventional seed coating has the defects of small drug loading, difficulty in long-time prevention and treatment, overhigh drug loading, easy generation of phytotoxicity, easy falling of a coating drug film, high risk to operators and the like. Moreover, the drug resistance of pests is enhanced and the control is increasingly difficult due to long-term single application of the pesticide, so that the situation that seedlings of cruciferous crops are damaged is increasingly severe.

At present, the method for preventing and controlling insect pests adopts a seed coating method, and the conventional seed coating causes the dosage to be increased and the medicament cannot be completely coated on the seeds due to the limited surface area of the seeds, thereby causing medicament waste and environmental pollution. In addition, the actual drug-loading rate of the seeds is limited due to the factors of low content of effective components of the seed treatment agent, easy falling of a drug film and the like, and the conventional seed coating can not well radically cure insect pests and has influence on the emergence rate of the seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pelleted seed, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the pelleted seed in the prior art is lack of special pest control.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a pelleted seed comprises a seed, wherein the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelleting powder, insecticide and pelleting powder, and the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid.

And, a method of preparing pelleted seeds comprising the steps of:

selecting seeds;

adding the pelleting powder into the seeds, standing for 30-90s, adding the pelleting powder again, standing, and repeating the operation for 4-26 times; adding the insecticide for mixing treatment 2-6 times before the operation is finished;

after all the pelletized powder is added, operating for 3-5 min; screening and drying to obtain the pelleted seeds.

And the application of the pelletized seed for preventing and controlling the insect pest of the crop in the seedling stage.

The pelleted seed provided by the invention comprises a seed, and the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelleting powder, an insecticide and pelleting powder, wherein the pelleting powder is used for coating the seed firstly, and is a plurality of nutritional components, so that the germination of the seed and the growth of a plant seedling can be promoted on one hand, the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid which is used as a growth hormone, and the expression of insecticidal protein in a plant body can be stimulated, and the germination of the seed and the growth of the seedling can be promoted; on the other hand, the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is isolated, so that the influence on the germination of the seeds after the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is avoided; coating the pelletized powder with pesticide, wherein the pesticide is added to mainly kill insect pests; and then the coated pelletized powder is coated, so that the coated pesticide can be tightly coated and cannot fall off, the coated pesticide can be better ensured to act on seeds, the insect damage of each crop is prevented and controlled, and the difficulty and the frequency of preventing the insect damage in the later stage of the seedling are reduced. The preparation method of the pelleted seed has simple process, and is characterized in that the pelleted powder is coated firstly and then the insecticide is coated and then the pelleted powder is coated, so that the insecticide is uniformly coated in the middle of the pelleted layer, the contact between the insecticide and the seed is avoided, the insecticide is guaranteed to be compact and not fall off, meanwhile, the insecticide is guaranteed not to be in contact with the seed, the insect damage can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the normal germination of the seed is not influenced. The method is convenient and practical and has wide application range.

The application of the pelleted seeds ensures that the seeds can germinate and reduces the difficulty and the frequency of preventing the insect pests at the later stage of the seedlings.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive step in connection with the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

The invention provides a pelleted seed, which comprises a seed, wherein the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelleting powder, pesticide and pelleting powder, and the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid; the pelleting powder comprises salicylic acid which is used as a growth hormone, and can stimulate the expression of insecticidal protein in a plant body and promote the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings; on the other hand, the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is isolated, so that the influence on the germination of the seeds after the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is avoided; coating the pelletized powder with pesticide, wherein the pesticide is added to mainly kill insect pests; and then the coated pelletized powder is coated, so that the coated pesticide can be tightly coated and cannot fall off, the coated pesticide can be better ensured to act on seeds, the insect damage of each crop is prevented and controlled, and the difficulty and the frequency of preventing the insect damage in the later stage of the seedling are reduced.

Specifically, the pelletized powder comprises salicylic acid; salicylic acid, as a growth hormone, can stimulate the expression of insecticidal proteins in plants, promote the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings, and promote the germination of seeds and the growth of plants.

Preferably, the pelleting powder comprises growth stimulin, medium trace elements and other nutrient substances, and the nutrient substances are beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth, so that seedlings are uniform and strong, and the quality of the seedlings is improved.

Preferably, the pesticide is one or more of dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, flonicamid, chlorantraniliprole, pyridaben, acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr or bacillus thuringiensis pesticides.

The pesticide is wrapped in the middle of the pelleting layer to avoid the contact of the pesticide and the seeds, so that the pelleting seeds are not stimulated by the pesticide, the insecticidal effect can be efficiently exerted in a low amount, and the seed germination and seedling growth can be promoted.

Preferably, the pelleted seed further comprises a binder, the binder being added primarily to allow the pelleted powder and insecticide to better bind to the seed for encapsulation; preferably, the ratio of the addition amount of the binder to the addition amount of the granulated powder is 1: (1.0-1.2); if the amount of the additive is too small or too large, the coating effect is affected, and the use of the pelletized seeds is affected. Further preferably, the binder is selected from sodium alginate.

Preferably, the ratio of the added weight of the seeds, the pesticide and the granulated powder is 1: (0.002-0.028): (1.5 to 7). If the addition amount of the insecticide is too small, a good insecticidal effect cannot be achieved, and the insecticidal effect can be influenced; if the addition amount of the insecticide is too large, the environment is polluted by waste, and the characteristics of soil are influenced by the addition of the excessive insecticide.

Further preferably, the ratio of the added weight of the seeds to the added weight of the insecticide is 1: (0.008-0.016). The selection of the pesticide with the additive amount can ensure that the pesticide has better pesticide effect, simultaneously can not influence the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings, and can not correspondingly influence the soil characteristics.

Preferably, the pesticide is in the form of original pesticide, missible oil, water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspending agent, seed treatment emulsion, suspension seed coating agent or seed treatment suspending agent. The pesticide is mainly coated by the pelletized powder, and further coated to obtain pelletized seeds; the insecticide of different dosage forms can be coated, and the action effect is not influenced.

Preferably, the seeds are crucifer crop seeds; preferably, the seeds include rape seeds, mustard seeds, cabbage seeds, cauliflower seeds, Brassica chinensis seeds, Chinese cabbage seeds, and radish seeds. In the growth process of cruciferous crops, pests are easy to breed, such as aphids (cabbage aphids are commonly called mealworms), cabbage caterpillars (cabbage butterfly larvae), cabbage aphids, phyllotreta striolata and the like, most of the pests can affect the crops in the seedling stage, and serious pests can cause the necrosis of the whole plant and affect the seeding. Therefore, the crucifer crop seeds are subjected to pelleting treatment, so that the seed germination and seedling growth can be promoted.

The pelletized seed provided by the invention is characterized in that the core material of the pelletized seed is the seed, and the outer surface of the seed is sequentially coated with pelletized powder, pesticide and pelletized powder, wherein the pelletized powder is firstly used for coating the seed, and the pelletized powder is multiple nutritional components, so that on one hand, the seed germination and the plant seedling growth can be promoted, wherein the pelletized powder comprises salicylic acid which is used as a growth hormone, and the pelletized seed can stimulate the expression of insecticidal protein in a plant body and can promote the seed germination and the seedling growth; on the other hand, the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is isolated, so that the influence on the germination of the seeds after the direct contact of the pesticide and the seeds is avoided; coating the pelletized powder with pesticide, wherein the pesticide is added to mainly kill insect pests; and then the coated pelletized powder is coated, so that the coated pesticide can be tightly coated and cannot fall off, the coated pesticide can be better ensured to act on seeds, the insect damage of each crop is prevented and controlled, and the difficulty and the frequency of preventing the insect damage in the later stage of the seedling are reduced. The above pelletized seeds were prepared by the following method.

Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the pelleted seed. The method comprises the following steps:

s01, selecting seeds;

s02, adding the pelleting powder into the seeds, standing for 30-90s, then adding the pelleting powder again, standing, and repeating the operation for 4-26 times; adding the insecticide for mixing treatment 2-6 times before the operation is finished;

s03, running for 3-5min after all the pelletized powder is added; screening and drying to obtain the pelleted seeds.

Specifically, in step S01, the seeds are selected from brassicaceae crop seeds, including rape seeds, mustard seeds, cabbage seeds, cauliflower seeds, cabbage seeds, chinese cabbage seeds, and radish seeds. Preferably, the seeds are of consistent size and are full.

Specifically, in the step S02, adding the granulated powder into the seeds, standing for 30 to 90 seconds, then adding the granulated powder again, standing, and repeating the above operations for 4 to 26 times; adding the insecticide for mixing treatment 2-6 times before the operation is finished.

Preferably, the pelletization machine used is of the type Niklas W.N.5-01, Germany. And putting the seeds into a started pelleting machine, adding pelleting powder, standing for 30-90s after the pelleting powder is completely adhered to the surface layer of the seeds.

Preferably, the ratio of the weight of the granulated powder added at a single time to the weight of the seeds is (1-1.1): 4. if the addition amount is excessive, the coating effect is poor and the coating is not uniform; if the addition amount is too small, the wrapping effect is poor and wrapping is incomplete.

Specifically, the insecticide is added and mixed 2 to 6 times before the end of the above operation. The insecticide is added in the later stage of pelleting to avoid direct contact between the insecticide and the seeds and reduce the possibility of generating phytotoxicity to the seeds. Meanwhile, the pesticide is added 2-6 times before the pelletization is finished, so that the pesticide can be wrapped tightly, and the pesticide is wrapped on the outer layer, so that the effect can be better exerted.

Preferably, the pelleted seed also comprises a binder, and the binder is mixed with the pelleted powder for addition in the preparation process, and further preferably, the addition mass ratio of the binder to the pelleted powder is 1: 1.

Specifically, in the step S03, after all the pelletized powder is added, the operation is performed for 3 to 5 min; screening and drying to obtain the pelleted seeds.

Preferably, the pelleted seeds are screened to remove residual powder that is not pelleted and reject pelleted seeds, resulting in acceptable pelleted seeds.

Preferably, in the drying step, the drying method is selected from natural air drying in a room or drying at 30-50 ℃ for 20-60 minutes.

Preferably, the prepared pelleted seeds are stored in a dry place or stored in a low-temperature freezer at 0-8 ℃ to ensure that the seeds do not germinate in advance.

The preparation method of the pelletized seed has simple process, and the pelletized seed is coated with the pelletized powder, then coated with the insecticide and then coated with the pelletized powder, so that the insecticide is ensured to be compact and not to fall off, and meanwhile, the insecticide is ensured not to contact with the seed to influence the germination of the seed. The method is convenient and practical and has wide application range.

The invention also provides application of the pelleted seeds in controlling insect pests in the seedling stage of crops. The application of the pelleted seeds ensures that the seeds can germinate and reduces the difficulty and the frequency of preventing the insect pests at the later stage of the seedlings.

The following further describes specific embodiments.