阅读说明：本技术 一种压力性损伤模型建立装置 (Pressure damage model building device ) 是由 韦义萍 兰园淞 高文 廖海涛 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种压力性损伤模型建立装置,包括支撑框架、施压装置、大鼠固定装置,支撑框架包括支撑脚板、支撑横板,支撑横板架设在两组支撑脚板顶端；施压装置设于支撑横板上；大鼠固定装置设于支撑横板下方；施压装置包括压杆、配重装置,压杆下端设有压块,配重装置设于压杆上端；大鼠固定装置包括底板、头部固定装置、腿部固定装置,头部固定装置、腿部固定装置分别对应大鼠四肢展开时的头部和四肢。本发明可用于建立大鼠化疗压力性损伤模型,对具有化疗体质的大鼠实施压力实验,判断在化疗体质下大鼠是否更易产生压力性损伤。(The invention discloses a pressure injury model building device which comprises a supporting frame, a pressing device and a rat fixing device, wherein the supporting frame comprises supporting foot plates and supporting transverse plates, and the supporting transverse plates are erected at the top ends of two groups of supporting foot plates; the pressing device is arranged on the supporting transverse plate; the rat fixing device is arranged below the supporting transverse plate; the pressing device comprises a pressing rod and a counterweight device, a pressing block is arranged at the lower end of the pressing rod, and the counterweight device is arranged at the upper end of the pressing rod; the rat fixing device comprises a bottom plate, a head fixing device and a leg fixing device, wherein the head fixing device and the leg fixing device respectively correspond to the head and the limbs of the rat when the limbs of the rat are unfolded. The invention can be used for establishing a rat chemotherapy pressure injury model, carrying out a pressure experiment on a rat with a chemotherapy constitution, and judging whether the rat is more likely to generate pressure injury under the chemotherapy constitution.)

1. The utility model provides a pressure nature damage model building device, includes braced frame, pressure device, rat fixing device which characterized in that: the supporting frame comprises supporting foot plates (1) and supporting transverse plates (2), two groups of the supporting foot plates (1) are vertically arranged at intervals, and the supporting transverse plates (2) are horizontally erected at the top ends of the two groups of the supporting foot plates (1); a slotted hole I (3) is formed in the supporting transverse plate (2), and the pressing device is arranged on the supporting transverse plate (2) through the slotted hole I (3); the rat fixing device is arranged below the supporting transverse plate (2) corresponding to the pressing device;

the pressing device comprises a pressing rod (4) and a counterweight device, the pressing rod (4) is vertically arranged in the slotted hole I (3), the pressing rod (4) can move up and down in the slotted hole I (3), a pressing block (5) is arranged at the lower end of the pressing rod (4), and the counterweight device is arranged at the upper end of the pressing rod (4);

rat fixing device include bottom plate (6), head fixing device, shank fixing device, bottom plate (6) level set up, head fixing device locate the preceding middle part of bottom plate (3), shank fixing device be equipped with 4 groups, be located the well rear portion of bottom plate (6), head fixing device, shank fixing device correspond head and four limbs when rat four limbs expand respectively.

2. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the leg fixing device comprises a mounting column (7), a torsion middle shaft (8), a clamping plate I (9), a clamping plate II (10), a handle I (11), a handle II (12) and a torsion spring (13);

two groups of mounting columns (7) are vertically arranged, the torsion middle shaft (8) is horizontally arranged between the two groups of mounting columns (7), and two ends of the torsion middle shaft (8) are respectively fixedly connected with the two groups of mounting columns (7); the clamp plates I (9) and II (10) are semi-annular structures with the same shape and size, the annular concave surfaces of the clamp plates I (9) and II (10) are oppositely arranged, and the front ends of the clamp plates I (9) and II (10) can be combined to form a closed annular structure; the handle I (11) is connected with the rear end of the clamping plate I (9), and the handle II (12) is connected with the rear end of the clamping plate II (10); two lugs I (14) are axially arranged at the joint of the handle I (11) and the clamping plate I (9) at intervals, and the lugs I (14) extend towards the clamping plate II (10); two lugs II (15) are axially arranged at the joint of the handle II (12) and the clamping plate II (10) at intervals, and the lugs II (15) extend towards the direction of the clamping plate I (9); the two lugs I (14) are respectively provided with an installation hole I which is axially overlapped; the two lugs II (15) are respectively provided with an installation hole II which is axially overlapped; the lugs I (14) and the lugs II (15) are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the mounting holes I and II are axially overlapped; the torsion middle shaft (8) penetrates through the mounting hole I and the mounting hole II to connect the clamping plate I (9) and the clamping plate II (10); torsion spring (13) still overlap on torsion axis (8), two torsion ends of torsion spring (13) contact with handle I (11), handle II (12) respectively, give handle I (11), handle II (12) outside pressure under natural state for the upper end contact of splint I (9), splint II (10) is in the same place.

3. The electroencephalogram discoid electrode wire drag reduction fixing device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the inner sides of the ring surfaces of the clamping plates I (9) and the clamping plates II (10) are provided with anti-skidding cushion layers (16), and anti-skidding lines are arranged on the surfaces of the anti-skidding cushion layers (16) at intervals.

4. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the head fixing device comprises a fixing pile (17), a clamping pile (18) and a fixing belt (19), wherein the fixing pile (17) and the clamping pile (18) are vertically arranged on the bottom plate (6), a space is reserved between the fixing pile (17) and the clamping pile (18), and the space corresponds to the size of the head of a rat; the front side of card stake (18) be equipped with horizontal draw-in groove (20), the one end and spud pile (17) fixed connection of fixed band (19), the other end is equipped with fixture block (21), the width of draw-in groove (20) be greater than or equal to the thickness of fixed band (19), fixed band (19) can insert in draw-in groove (20), carry on spacingly through fixture block (21).

5. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the counterweight device comprises a container (22) and a filler (23), wherein the upper end of the container (22) is open, the lower end of the container is connected with the upper end of the pressure rod (4), and the filler (23) is filled in the container (22).

6. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the slotted hole I (3) comprises a sliding groove (26) and a through hole (27), the sliding groove (26) is an arc-shaped groove which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the supporting transverse plate (2), and the convex surface of the arc-shaped groove faces forwards; the through holes (27) are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding chute (26) and are communicated with the sliding chute (26), and the positions of the two through holes (27) respectively correspond to the positions of two thighs when the four limbs of a rat are unfolded; the width of the sliding groove (26) is larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the pressure rod (6), and the aperture of the through hole (27) is larger than the outer diameter of the pressure rod (6).

7. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: still include limiting plate (24), limiting plate (24) level locate the below that supports diaphragm (2), be equipped with slotted hole II (25) on limiting plate (24), the shape, size and the position of slotted hole II (25) corresponding with slotted hole I (3), depression bar (4) pass slotted hole I (3), slotted hole II (25) simultaneously.

8. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the pressing block (5) is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the pressing block, and the pressing block is electrically connected with the pressing machine.

9. The pressure injury model building apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the slotted hole I (3), the slotted hole II (24), the pressure device and the rat fixing device are longitudinally provided with a plurality of groups along the supporting transverse plate (2).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a pressure injury model establishing device.

Background

Pressure Injure (PI) is a common clinical complication, which is a common care problem in hospitals and nursing institutions for the aged, and the occurrence of pressure injury has been considered as one of the key indicators for evaluating the quality of care for many years. The occurrence of the pressure injury causes a plurality of problems, which can prolong and aggravate the original disease course, increase the economic burden of the patient, and cause the general infection and even the amputation of the limb of the patient with serious pressure injury. According to the related literature, the incidence rate of the bedsore of the German inpatients is 11.1 percent, the incidence rate of the Netherlands is 10.1 percent, the incidence rate of the British is 10.3 percent, and the incidence rate of the United states is 9.5 to 15.4 percent. Treatment for stress injuries in the united states is expected to cost $ 50-80 million each year, with an average $ 1.22 million medical costs per hospitalized patient due to the extended course of the disease caused by stress injuries to the skin, and among 114,380 deaths with stress injuries to the skin as one of the causes of death during 1990-2001 in the united states, the key cause of death in 18.7% of the deaths is stress injury infection of the skin. Therefore, prevention and treatment of stress injuries have been regarded as important.

In general, pressure injury is likely to occur in a site subjected to high pressure, and pressure injury is likely to occur in a patient with thin subcutaneous fat or malnutrition. There are 3 mechanical factors causing the pressure injury, i.e., pressure, friction, shear force, in which the pressure is considered as a main factor causing the pressure injury. Pressure can cause capillary pressure change, which causes the obstruction of blood flow tissue perfusion and the easy occurrence of ulcer after local skin ischemia. For the pressure injury, the diagnosis standard is most commonly staged diagnosis, the staged typing of the pressure injury is various, and the most common four-stage typing is established by European pressure injury professional committee (EPUAP), namely, grade I is erythema which can not turn white due to complete finger pressure of the skin and is difficult to be distinguished from surrounding tissues; grade II is the epidermis or dermis is damaged, but does not penetrate the dermis layer, and the clinical manifestations are abrasion, blister or induration; grade III, the epidermis or dermis is completely damaged, penetrates into subcutaneous tissues but does not penetrate fascia and muscular layers, and is clinically shown as deep ulcer without damaging adjacent tissues; grade IV is a mass of tissue necrosis which can affect muscles and bones with or without full-thickness skin defects; clinically non-staging pressure injury and suspicious deep tissue injury are also increasing today. From the above stages, it can be seen that when the above judgment is made for a patient, the patient has already suffered from more or less soft tissue injury, but the judgment criteria, subjectivity and hysteresis, are large, and lack early diagnosis and prediction index. The prevention of the skin pressure injury is the key point of nursing, and effective and more targeted preventive measures can be taken only by correctly analyzing the causes and the mechanisms of the skin pressure injury. Research on the causes and mechanisms of stress-induced skin injuries is a popular issue of care, and has positive significance in the prevention and treatment of stress injuries.

For the research on the establishment of the pressure injury animal model, rats have soft tissues, particularly skin tissues, similar to those of human beings, and are the first choice animals for preparing the pressure injury model. The pressure injury model research using rats as experimental objects has made a certain progress, and the most classical model is an ischemia-reperfusion injury model. It has been shown that a satisfactory model is obtained when the pressure applied to the skin of rats is 9kPa, but that a model is obtained with a pressure of 13.4-34.5 kPa. Peirce et al selected SD rats, and multiple ischemia-reperfusion cycles were performed by subcutaneously implanting iron pieces and applying magnetic attraction, and pressure injury models were prepared 2-5 days later. However, the method needs to implant the iron sheet under the skin of the rat in advance, which can cause certain damage to the skin and soft tissues of the rat, so that the damage caused by the pressure damage model has certain interference, and the damage cannot be verified due to the pressure device or the wound caused by the implanted magnetic sheet. The establishment and study of these models was limited to normal healthy rats.

Chemotherapy is an important means for treating tumors and cancers, and clinically used anti-tumor chemical drugs have toxic and side effects of different degrees, and kill tumor cells and cells of normal tissues at the same time. Clinical observation also shows that most chemotherapy patients generally have the conditions of weight loss, subcutaneous fat thinning, malnutrition, low immunity, hypoproteinemia, general skin edema, general inflammation, even cachexia and the like, and the factors are closely related to the occurrence of the pressure injury and are listed as high-risk factors for inducing the occurrence of the pressure injury.

For reasons limited to the subject and hospital care, there is currently no detailed report on the incidence of pressure injury in chemotherapy patients, but more and more people are aware that chemotherapy patients are more susceptible to pressure injury than other general patients. Once chemotherapy patients suffer from pressure injury, generally, the pressure injury is over II degree or III stage, the occurrence time is short and difficult to predict, the wounds are not healed for a long time, and the severity of the pressure injury is higher than that of common patients, which are very troublesome for clinical nursing staff to nurse the chemotherapy patients. Therefore, how to prevent and reduce the incidence of the pressure injury of the chemotherapy patients becomes the key point of research, and because the chemotherapy patients have special constitutions, more influencing factors, unknown pressure injury generating mechanism, and how to correlate various influencing factors and influence of the influencing factors on the pressure injury need to be proved by experiments.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a pressure injury model establishing device, which firstly simulates a clinical chemotherapy mode to carry out chemotherapy on a rat so as to simulate a chemotherapy constitution similar to that of a patient subjected to clinical chemotherapy, and then carries out a pressure experiment on the rat so as to judge whether the rat is more prone to pressure injury under the chemotherapy constitution. By establishing a rat chemotherapy pressure injury model, a foundation is laid for researching susceptibility of pressure injury under chemotherapy constitution, influence factors of pressure injury and generation mechanism.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the pressure injury model building device comprises a supporting frame, a pressing device and a rat fixing device, wherein the supporting frame comprises supporting foot plates and supporting transverse plates, the two groups of supporting foot plates are vertically arranged at intervals, and the supporting transverse plates are horizontally erected at the top ends of the two groups of supporting foot plates; the supporting transverse plate is provided with a slotted hole I, and the pressing device is arranged on the supporting transverse plate through the slotted hole I; the rat fixing device is arranged below the supporting transverse plate corresponding to the pressing device;

the pressing device comprises a pressing rod and a counterweight device, the pressing rod is vertically arranged in the slotted hole I and can move up and down in the slotted hole I, a pressing block is arranged at the lower end of the pressing rod, and the counterweight device is arranged at the upper end of the pressing rod;

rat fixing device include bottom plate, head fixing device, shank fixing device, the bottom plate level set up, head fixing device locate the preceding middle part of bottom plate, shank fixing device be equipped with the group, be located the well rear portion of bottom plate, head fixing device, shank fixing device correspond head and four limbs when rat four limbs expand respectively.

Furthermore, the leg fixing device comprises a mounting column, a torsion middle shaft, a clamping plate I, a clamping plate II, a handle I, a handle II and a torsion spring; the two groups of mounting columns are vertically arranged, the torsion middle shaft is horizontally arranged between the two groups of mounting columns, and two ends of the torsion middle shaft are respectively fixedly connected with the two groups of mounting columns; the clamping plates I and II are semi-annular structures with the same shape and size, the annular concave surfaces of the clamping plates I and II are oppositely arranged, and the front ends of the clamping plates I and II can be combined to form a closed annular structure; the handle I is connected with the rear end of the clamping plate I, and the handle II is connected with the rear end of the clamping plate II; two lugs I are arranged at the joint of the handle I and the clamping plate I at intervals along the axial direction, and extend towards the clamping plate II; two lugs II are axially arranged at the joint of the handle II and the clamping plate II at intervals, and extend towards the clamping plate I; the two lugs I are respectively provided with an installation hole I which is axially overlapped; the two lugs II are respectively provided with an installation hole II which is axially overlapped; the lugs I and the lugs II are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the mounting holes I and the mounting holes II are axially overlapped; the torsion middle shaft penetrates through the mounting hole I and the mounting hole II to connect the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II; the torsion middle shaft is further sleeved with a torsion spring, two torsion ends of the torsion spring are respectively contacted with the handle I and the handle II, and outward pressure is applied to the handle I and the handle II in a natural state, so that the upper ends of the clamping plate I and the clamping plate II are contacted together.

Furthermore, the inner sides of the ring surfaces of the clamping plates I and the clamping plates II are provided with anti-skidding cushion layers, and anti-skidding lines are arranged on the surfaces of the anti-skidding cushion layers at intervals.

Further, the head fixing device comprises a fixing pile, a clamping pile and a fixing belt, wherein the fixing pile and the clamping pile are vertically arranged on the bottom plate, a space is reserved between the fixing pile and the clamping pile, and the space corresponds to the size of the head of a rat; the front side of card stake be equipped with horizontal draw-in groove, the one end and the spud pile fixed connection of fixed band, the other end is equipped with the fixture block, the width of draw-in groove be greater than or equal to the thickness of fixed band, the fixed band can insert in the draw-in groove, carry on spacingly through the fixture block.

Furthermore, the counterweight device comprises a container and filler, the upper end of the container is open, the lower end of the container is connected with the upper end of the pressure rod, and the filler is filled in the container.

Furthermore, the slotted hole I comprises a sliding groove and a through hole, the sliding groove is an arc-shaped groove which is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the supporting transverse plate, and the convex surface of the arc-shaped groove faces forwards; the through holes are respectively arranged at two ends of the sliding chute and are communicated with the sliding chute, and the positions of the two through holes respectively correspond to the positions of two thighs when the four limbs of the rat are unfolded; the width of the sliding groove is larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the pressing rod, and the aperture of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the pressing rod.

The limiting plate is horizontally arranged below the supporting transverse plate, a slotted hole II is formed in the limiting plate, the shape, size and position of the slotted hole II correspond to those of the slotted hole I, and the pressing rod penetrates through the slotted hole I and the slotted hole II simultaneously.

And the pressing block is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the pressing block, and the pressing block is electrically connected with the pressing machine.

Furthermore, a plurality of groups of the slotted holes I, the slotted holes II, the pressure applying devices and the rat fixing devices are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the supporting transverse plate.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, through ingenious design, the rat fixing device and the supporting frame are separated, the bottom plate can be pulled out or pushed in, rats can be fixed independently, interference is reduced, the operation is convenient, each rat corresponds to one group of rat fixing device and pressure applying device, data can be controlled independently, and when the condition of the rat is unstable, the group of rats can be pulled out independently for adjustment without influencing the continuation of experiments of other groups of rats.

The head fixing device and the leg fixing device are respectively designed on the rat fixing device, the leg fixing device adopts a clamping mode, the head fixing device adopts a restraining belt mode to respectively fix the leg and the head of the rat, the fixing effect is good, and compared with a mode of binding the four limbs of the rat by a restraining belt in the prior art, the fixing mode is simple, rapid, firm and reliable, the movement of the rat can be well limited, and the stability of an experiment cannot be damaged due to struggling of the rat.

The rat leg muscle is thick, so that a pressure application test is facilitated, the central hole of the pressure application device can face the back leg of the rat due to the design of the slotted hole I and the slotted hole II, the pressure application device can be switched from one leg of the rat to the other leg of the rat due to the design of the sliding groove, the arc-shaped design of the sliding groove adapts to rats with different sizes, and the universality is improved.

The pressure applying device can increase and decrease pressure by increasing and decreasing fillers, and the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure, so that pressure data can be read, and the pressure applying device is simple in structure, convenient to install and low in cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rat immobilization device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the leg attachment apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the inventive cartridge;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rat fixing device of the present invention in use;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the support frame of the present invention;

the numbers and names in the figure are as follows:

1-supporting a foot plate; 2-supporting the transverse plate; 3-slotted hole I; 4-a pressure bar; 5-briquetting; 6-a bottom plate; 7-mounting a column; 8-torsion middle shaft; 9-Splint I; 10-splint II; 11-handle I; 12-handle II; 13-a torsion spring; 14-lug I; 15-lug II; 16-a non-slip mat layer; 17-fixing piles, 18-clamping piles and 19-fixing belts; 20-a card slot; 21-a fixture block; 22-a container; 23-a filler; 24-a limiting plate; 25-slot II; 26-a chute; 27-through hole.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.