Friction stir welding equipment and process
阅读说明:本技术 一种搅拌摩擦焊设备及工艺 (Friction stir welding equipment and process ) 是由 张莹 李谷南 阙涛 于 2019-11-14 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明提供了一种搅拌摩擦焊设备及工艺,所述搅拌摩擦焊设备包括控制系统、工作台、焊接架、搅拌头和图像采集装置,待焊接工件固定在所述工作台上,所述焊接架位于所述工作台的上方,所述搅拌头安装在所述焊接架的底部,所述图像采集装置位于所述焊接架的底部,所述控制系统根据图像采集装置采集的当前待焊接工件的图像信息判断焊接缝的位置、并根据预设焊接轨迹计算补偿误差后控制所述焊接架带动所述搅拌头进行焊接。本发明的搅拌摩擦焊设备采用图像采集装置与控制系统配合,对实际焊接轨迹进行补偿计算,有效保证焊接位置精确,确保焊接后的气密性和强度;同时通过对工作台的改进,保证设备连续焊接,提高焊接效率。(The invention provides friction stir welding equipment and a friction stir welding process, wherein the friction stir welding equipment comprises a control system, a workbench, a welding frame, a stirring head and an image acquisition device, a workpiece to be welded is fixed on the workbench, the welding frame is positioned above the workbench, the stirring head is installed at the bottom of the welding frame, the image acquisition device is positioned at the bottom of the welding frame, the control system judges the position of a welding seam according to image information of the current workpiece to be welded, which is acquired by the image acquisition device, calculates a compensation error according to a preset welding track, and then controls the welding frame to drive the stirring head to weld. The friction stir welding equipment adopts the image acquisition device to be matched with the control system, carries out compensation calculation on the actual welding track, effectively ensures the accuracy of the welding position and ensures the air tightness and strength after welding; meanwhile, through the improvement of the workbench, the continuous welding of the equipment is ensured, and the welding efficiency is improved.)
1. A friction stir welding device is characterized by comprising a control system (1), a workbench (2), a welding frame (3), a stirring head (4) and an image acquisition device (5), wherein a workpiece to be welded is fixed on the workbench (2), the welding frame (3) is positioned above the workbench (2), the stirring head (4) is arranged at the bottom of the welding frame (3), the image acquisition device (5) is positioned at the bottom of the welding frame (3) and is in signal connection with the control system (1), the control system (1) judges the position of a welding seam according to the image information of the current workpiece to be welded, which is acquired by the image acquisition device (5), calculates a compensation error according to a preset welding track, and then controls the welding frame (3) to drive the stirring head (4) to weld.
2. The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the work table (2) comprises at least two sets of stations (21), each set of stations (21) being provided with a plurality of positioning devices (22), the positioning devices (22) being in signal connection with the control system (1).
3. The friction stir welding apparatus of claim 2 wherein said positioning device (22) comprises a clamping member (221) and an inductive switch (222), said inductive switch (222) being secured to an end of said clamping member (221) in signal communication with said clamping member (221) and said control system (1).
4. The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the work table (2) is provided with a rotating base (6), the rotating base (6) being in signal connection with the control system (1).
5. A friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the table (2) is provided with a sliding rail (7).
6. A friction stir welding process, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
preassembling a workpiece to be welded, and adjusting the position of the workbench (2) to enable the workpiece to be welded to be positioned below the stirring head (4);
starting an image acquisition device (5), acquiring image information of a current workpiece to be welded and sending the image information to a control system (1);
and after the control system (1) acquires the image information, calculating a compensation error according to the selected preset welding track, determining an actual welding track, and controlling the stirring head (4) to operate according to the actual welding track.
7. The friction stir welding process of claim 6, wherein the friction stir welding process further comprises:
and the control system (1) controls all clamping pieces (221) on the workbench (2) to recover to the original position after the stirring head (4) finishes running according to the actual welding track.
8. The friction stir welding process according to claim 6, wherein the operation of the stir head (4) according to the actual welding trajectory further comprises:
when a sensing switch (222) positioned at the end of one clamping piece (221) senses a position signal of the stirring head (4), the clamping piece (221) is controlled to be withdrawn.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to friction stir welding equipment and a friction stir welding process.
Background
Friction stir welding, as a new solid phase welding method that is rapidly developed, is becoming a hot spot welding method worldwide and is gradually becoming the leading welding method for light alloy metals. There are some difficult problems to overcome in the existing friction stir welding and its products, including:
on one hand, the existing friction stir welding process adopts tool positioning, and tool precision and workpiece clamping errors cannot ensure that a welding seam of a workpiece and a welding track are completely overlapped, so that a cold joint phenomenon easily occurs at a welding part, and the compactness and the connection strength of the welding seam are poor, so that the sealing performance and the strength performance of the welded workpiece cannot reach the standard easily;
on the other hand, the existing friction stir welding process adopts a single-tool single-time workpiece loading and unloading process to carry out welding processing, continuous production cannot be realized, welding equipment is in an empty running state when the workpiece is loaded and unloaded, the utilization rate and the production efficiency of the equipment are low, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the problems described above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction stir welding apparatus and process that solves any of the above problems. Specifically, the invention provides friction stir welding equipment and a friction stir welding process capable of ensuring the air tightness and welding strength of a welding seam.
According to a first aspect of the invention, the friction stir welding equipment comprises a control system, a workbench, a welding frame, a stirring head and an image acquisition device, wherein a workpiece to be welded is fixed on the workbench, the welding frame is positioned above the workbench, the stirring head is installed at the bottom of the welding frame, the image acquisition device is positioned at the bottom of the welding frame and is in signal connection with the control system, and the control system judges the position of a welding seam according to image information of the current workpiece to be welded, acquired by the image acquisition device, calculates a compensation error according to a preset welding track and then controls the welding frame to drive the stirring head to weld.
The workbench comprises at least two groups of stations, each group of stations is provided with a plurality of positioning devices, and the positioning devices are in signal connection with the control system.
The positioning device comprises a clamping piece and an inductive switch, wherein the inductive switch is fixed at the end part of the clamping piece and is in signal connection with the clamping piece and the control system.
And the bottom of the workbench is provided with a rotating base, and the rotating base is in signal connection with the control system.
A positioning cylinder is arranged on one side of the rotating base and is in signal connection with the control system, and the running direction of the positioning cylinder is perpendicular to the rotating direction of the rotating base; the two ends of the bottom of the workbench are provided with positioning sleeves, the output end of the positioning cylinder is provided with a positioning pin, and the central axis direction of the positioning pin is parallel to the running direction of the positioning cylinder; under the working state, the central axis of the positioning pin is superposed with the central axis of the positioning sleeve.
Wherein, the bottom of workstation is provided with the slip track.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a friction stir welding process comprising the steps of:
preassembling a workpiece to be welded, and adjusting the position of a workbench to enable the workpiece to be welded to be positioned below the stirring head;
starting an image acquisition device, acquiring image information of a current workpiece to be welded and sending the image information to a control system;
and after the control system acquires the image information, calculating a compensation error according to the selected preset welding track, determining an actual welding track, and controlling the stirring head to operate according to the actual welding track.
Wherein the friction stir welding process further comprises:
and the control system controls all clamping pieces on the workbench to recover to the original positions after the stirring head is controlled to run according to the actual welding track.
Wherein, the stirring head still includes according to in the actual welding orbit operation process:
and when the position signal of the stirring head is sensed by the sensing switch positioned at the end part of one clamping piece, the clamping piece is controlled to be withdrawn.
The friction stir welding equipment adopts the image acquisition device to be matched with the control system, carries out compensation calculation on the actual welding track, effectively ensures the accuracy of the welding position and ensures the air tightness and strength after welding; meanwhile, through the improvement of the workbench, the continuous welding of the equipment is ensured, the welding efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Other characteristic features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to indicate like elements. The drawings in the following description are directed to some, but not all embodiments of the invention. For a person skilled in the art, other figures can be derived from these figures without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural view of a friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary control system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary configuration of the work table;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a side view of a rotating base of the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a flow chart of the friction stir welding process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
On one hand, the multi-station workbench is designed, so that the condition of empty operation of equipment is avoided, continuous production is ensured, and the welding efficiency is improved; on the other hand, the image acquisition device is adopted to acquire the image information of the current workpiece to be welded, the control system determines the welding seam track to be welded according to the image information, the preset welding track is combined to perform position error compensation calculation, and the welding head is controlled to weld according to the calculation result, so that the welding error is effectively avoided, the accurate welding is realized, and the air tightness and the strength performance of the welded product are ensured. In addition, an inductive switch is arranged at the end part of each clamping piece for positioning the workpiece to be welded, and the corresponding clamping piece is controlled to clamp and withdraw through the position of the inductive stirring head, so that the clamping piece is effectively prevented from interfering the welding process, the positioning and clamping effect of the workpiece to be welded can be effectively guaranteed, and the welding quality is further guaranteed.
The friction stir welding apparatus and process according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a specific embodiment of the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the friction stir welding apparatus includes a
Pre-storing welding tracks of a plurality of workpieces in a
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a module structure of the
Referring back to fig. 1, in the friction welding apparatus of the present invention, the
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the working table 2 in a specific embodiment, and referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, two sets of
Referring back to fig. 1, in order to facilitate switching between
Fig. 4 shows a schematic side view of a rotating base in a particular embodiment of the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention, taking 2
When the
Illustratively, the rotating
In addition, in order to adapt to welding of different products and adjust the position of the
The present invention also provides a friction stir welding process adapted to the friction stir welding apparatus, fig. 5 shows an implementation flow chart of the friction stir welding process of the present invention, and referring to fig. 5, the friction stir welding process includes the following steps:
preassembling a workpiece to be welded, and adjusting the position of the
starting an
after the
In addition, the friction stir welding process further comprises:
after the
Specifically, the stirring head 4, under the control of the
when the position signal of the stirring head 4 is sensed by the
When the friction stir welding equipment and the friction stir welding process are adopted to weld products, the airtightness and the strength performance of the welded workpieces can be effectively ensured. Table 1 shows the comparison of air tightness and strength test data between randomly selected 20 groups of products welded according to the present invention and products welded according to the conventional technique. Wherein, the air tightness requirement of the product is that the pressure reduction value should be less than 0.15KPa within the test time, and the air tightness test condition is as follows: the air pressure in the product reaches above 320KPa, the balance is 15s, then the air is inflated for 15s, the balance is 15s, and the test time is 60 s. The strength test of the product adopts a blasting test method, the blasting test requires a pressure test of more than 1.5MPa, and the welding parameters of the product during processing are the same: the rotating speed is 1500s/min, the feeding speed is 250mm/min, and the arc position feeding speed is 150 mm/min.
TABLE 1 air tightness and strength test data comparison table
The traditional friction stir welding technology can not ensure that the actual welding track is completely overlapped with the welding seam of the workpiece, so that the phenomenon of insufficient welding is easy to occur at the welding part, and the sealing property and the strength performance of the workpiece can not be ensured. The friction stir welding equipment and the friction stir welding process realize the compensation and the correction of the welding track by combining the image acquisition device with the control system, ensure that the actual welding track is completely superposed with the welding seam of the workpiece, ensure the compactness and the strength requirement of the welding seam and realize the effect of zero defect at the welding part of the workpiece. In addition, compared with the defects that a single tool in the prior art is clamped and welded and cannot be continuously produced, the design of multiple stations and the design of the rotary base are adopted in the scheme, the equipment space is fully utilized, the idle running waiting time of the equipment is avoided, the continuous welding is realized, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.
The above-described aspects may be implemented individually or in various combinations, and such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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