阅读说明：本技术 一种鉴定水稻节水特性的试验方法和判定方法 (Test method and judgment method for identifying water-saving property of rice ) 是由 毕俊国 谭金松 张安宁 王飞名 刘毅 刘国兰 余新桥 罗利军 于 2019-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及到一套灌溉量梯度试验处理、节水性系数的计算和节水性的评价方法,具体方法包括在具有防降水的移动装置下进行盆栽试验,包含步骤有：a、催芽后将种子按6株/盆,直播于盆栽中,待出苗至3叶1心期,设置水分100％、90％、80％、70％和60％梯度处理,以100％灌溉处理为对照；b、100％的灌溉量依据精确定量栽培灌溉模式的要求,采用滴灌进行精确灌溉,并计算灌溉的时间,其余处理则分别较对照的灌溉时间减少10％、20％、30％、和40％；c、根据对照土壤的湿度变化,决定是否进行灌溉,直至水稻成熟；d、根据不同灌溉梯度下的产量的变化,计算每个梯度下相对于对照产量的比值,综合灌溉量的降低幅度,评价水稻的节水性,有益技术效果获得高强节水性。(The invention relates to a set of irrigation quantity gradient test processing, water conservation coefficient calculation and water conservation evaluation method, which particularly comprises the following steps of carrying out a pot experiment under a mobile device with rainfall prevention, and comprises the following steps: a. after germination accelerating, directly sowing seeds in a pot plant according to 6 plants/pot, and after seedling emergence reaches 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, setting gradient treatment of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of water, and taking 100% irrigation treatment as a control; b. the irrigation quantity of 100 percent is accurately irrigated by adopting drip irrigation according to the requirement of an accurate quantitative cultivation irrigation mode, the irrigation time is calculated, and the rest treatment is respectively reduced by 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent and 40 percent compared with the control irrigation time; c. determining whether to irrigate according to the humidity change of the contrast soil until the rice is mature; d. according to the change of the yield under different irrigation gradients, the ratio of the yield under each gradient relative to the reference yield is calculated, the reduction range of the irrigation quantity is integrated, the water conservation of the rice is evaluated, and the high-strength water conservation is obtained by the beneficial technical effect.)

1. A test method for identifying water-saving characteristics of rice is characterized in that a pot experiment is carried out under a mobile device with rainfall prevention; the test method of the pot culture comprises the following steps:

a. after germination accelerating, directly sowing seeds in a pot plant according to 6 plants/pot, and after seedling emergence reaches 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, setting gradient treatment of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of water, and taking 100% irrigation treatment as a control;

b. the irrigation quantity of 100 percent is accurately irrigated by adopting drip irrigation according to the requirement of an accurate quantitative cultivation irrigation mode, the irrigation time is calculated, and the rest treatment is respectively reduced by 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent and 40 percent compared with the control irrigation time;

c. determining whether to irrigate according to the humidity change of the contrast soil until the rice is mature;

d. according to the change of the yield under different irrigation gradients, calculating the ratio of the yield under each gradient relative to the reference yield, integrating the reduction range of the irrigation quantity and evaluating the water conservation of the rice.

2. A method for determining water-saving characteristics of rice, comprising:

when the yield relative coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water saving grade is 5 grade, and the water saving performance is evaluated to be extremely weak;

when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9 and the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water saving grade is 4 grade, and the water saving performance is evaluated to be weak;

when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, and the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water-saving grade is 3 grade, and the water-saving performance is evaluated as water saving;

when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, and the relative yield coefficient under 60% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water-saving grade is 2 grade, and the water-saving evaluation is that the water-saving performance is high;

when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 60% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the water-saving grade is 1 grade, and the water-saving evaluation is high-strength water saving.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water-saving agriculture, in particular to a set of irrigation quantity gradient test processing, water-saving coefficient calculation and water-saving evaluation method.

Background

With the rapid development of the world population, industry, economy and society, the global water resource shortage is increasingly increased. The per capita water resource occupancy of China is only 2400m²1/4, ranked 109 th, which is the average occupied amount of people in the world, and is listed as one of 13 water-poor countries by the united nations. The utilization rate of water resources is increased, the waste of the water resources is reduced, and the method has great significance for relieving the shortage of the water resources in China.

As the contradiction between water supply and demand becomes more and more acute, the great pressure and contradiction faced by agriculture in China must be gradually transferred to agricultural water supply. Obviously, because of the shortage of water resources in China, the method is almost impossible to greatly increase the agricultural water supply in China. The method solves the fundamental outlet of the water resource crisis, develops agriculture high-efficiency water conservation greatly, improves the utilization rate of agricultural water in a large range and the yield of agricultural products with single net water consumption in fields step by step, and obtains the maximum production efficiency with the minimum water input. The rice is a big household of agricultural water, and the water consumption of the traditional rice cultivation method mostly adopts a mode of large water and fertilizer, which accounts for about 70 percent of the total agricultural water consumption of China and about 50 percent of the total water consumption, reduces the irrigation water consumption in the rice production process, and has great significance for saving water resources.

Drought resistance and water conservation are two concepts that are linked and differentiated. Drought resistance is the ability of a crop to resist drought; while water conservation is the ability of crops to reduce water consumption. Drought resistance is related to the osmotic adjustment capability, transpiration water consumption, root water absorption capability and growth period of crops; the water conservation is mainly related to the water consumption of transpiration. Research shows that drought resistance and water conservation of winter wheat are not directly related. The upland rice variety with strong drought resistance has lower yield potential, and the water utilization efficiency of the upland rice variety with strong drought resistance is lower on the contrary under the condition of the same irrigation quantity, so that the water conservation can not be embodied. The method for judging the water conservation of crops is different from the method for judging the drought resistance.

The water conservation refers to the utilization and development of the physiological and genetic potential of organisms, more output can be obtained under the same water supply condition (Shiyuanchun, 2005), drought-resistant varieties do not necessarily save water, water-saving varieties do not necessarily resist drought, and normal growth and development can be ensured and good yield can be obtained under the water shortage condition. For rice, while maintaining normal growth and development of plants, certain characteristics of efficient water utilization are required to achieve high yield and high water utilization efficiency (Zhang Zheng, 2003). The method for determining water conservation mostly adopts a method for determining transpiration water consumption, but the rice water consumption is mainly determined by a transpiration meter, the currently mainly used transpiration meter in China is mainly in a weighing type and is expensive in manufacturing cost, in addition, the measurement precision is influenced by various factors such as wind power, vibration, environment temperature, null shift, creep characteristic and the like, and the determination of water conservation has uncertainty. And the water conservation of the variety can not be judged well only by 1-2 water gradients which are judged by adopting the water utilization efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the water conservation of rice, which is simple and convenient to operate and accurate in measurement. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

a. designing a drip irrigation system under the condition of facilities with movable rain-proof sheds;

b. after germination accelerating, directly sowing seeds in a pot plant according to 6 plants/pot, and after seedling emergence reaches 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, setting gradient treatment of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of water, and taking 100% irrigation treatment as a control;

c. and (3) carrying out accurate irrigation by adopting drip irrigation according to the requirement of an accurate quantitative cultivation irrigation mode on the irrigation quantity of 100 percent, and calculating the irrigation time. The rest of the treatments are respectively reduced by 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% compared with the irrigation time of the control;

d. determining whether to irrigate according to the humidity change of the contrast soil until the rice is mature;

e. according to the change of the yield under different irrigation gradients, calculating the ratio of the yield under each gradient relative to the reference yield, synthesizing the reduction amplitude of the irrigation quantity, and evaluating the water conservation of the rice;

f，

a method for judging water-saving characteristics of rice provides the following technical scheme: when the yield relative coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water saving grade is 5 grade, and the water saving performance is evaluated to be extremely weak; when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9 and the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water saving grade is 4 grade, and the water saving performance is evaluated to be weak; when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, and the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water-saving grade is 3 grade, and the water-saving performance is evaluated as water saving; when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation quantity is more than or equal to 0.9, and the relative yield coefficient under 60% irrigation quantity is less than 0.9, the water-saving grade is 2 grade, and the water-saving evaluation is that the water-saving performance is high; when the relative yield coefficient under 90% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 80% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 70% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the relative yield coefficient under 60% irrigation is more than or equal to 0.9, the water-saving grade is 1 grade, and the water-saving evaluation is high-strength water saving.

The method is based on that in a movable rain-proof shed, interference of rainfall is eliminated, 6 irrigation gradients are set, the rice plants in the device are irrigated according to a mode of accurate rice cultivation irrigation by the maximum irrigation gradient, and the gradient setting is gradually decreased according to 10%.

The beneficial technical effects obtained are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 Rice Water conservation rating and evaluation thereof

Drawings

FIGS. 1-1, 1-2 show the behavior of different rice varieties in the field.

Detailed Description