Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure
阅读说明:本技术 一种大尺度刚柔一体结构的平流层飞艇 (Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure ) 是由 陈务军 胡建辉 赵兵 杨钧 徐建东 汤令辰 于 2019-10-10 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种大尺度刚柔一体结构的平流层飞艇,包括由张拉整体主龙骨撑起的外囊体,和所述外囊体内部的多个密封的内囊体。所述张拉整体主龙骨包括多个并排放置的加劲环,及顺序连接各个加劲环中心的毂轴的两端后、通贯所述平流层飞艇长度方向的多个中芯轴桁架,当温度或光照变化时,所述张拉整体主龙骨承受来自于外囊体的负压,使外囊体体积变化很小,平流层飞艇仍可相对稳定地悬浮于平流层中。本发明的平流层飞艇,通过设置固定形状的张拉整体主龙骨,限制了所述外囊体的外形,基本保证了所述外囊体的体积及浮力稳定,故可实现长期驻空飞行,内部压力控制简单和姿态稳定、能耗低,升空和返航可控性优,为平流层飞艇走向工业化应用奠定基础。(The invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship which comprises an outer bag body and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies, wherein the outer bag body is supported by a tensioning integral main keel, and the plurality of sealed inner bag bodies are arranged in the outer bag body. The integral main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings which are arranged side by side and a plurality of central mandrel trusses which are sequentially connected with the two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship. According to the stratospheric airship, the appearance of the outer bag body is limited by arranging the fixed-shape tensioning integral main keel, the volume and the buoyancy stability of the outer bag body are basically ensured, so that long-term sky-staying flight can be realized, the internal pressure control is simple, the posture is stable, the energy consumption is low, the lift-off and return flight controllability is excellent, and a foundation is laid for the industrial application of the stratospheric airship.)
1. A large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship is characterized by comprising a sealed outer airbag body and a plurality of sealed inner airbag bodies arranged in the outer airbag body;
the outer bag body is formed by wrapping a rigid tensioning integral main keel by a flexible low-air-permeability film material, and air is filled in the outer bag body;
the inner bag body is made of an ultra-light low-strength film, helium is filled in the inner bag body, and a helium valve is arranged at the top of the outer bag body of the inner bag body;
the integral tensioning main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a group of central mandrel trusses, wherein the central mandrel trusses are sequentially connected and fixed at two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship after being connected;
the stiffening ring comprises an outer ring for supporting the outer bag body, the outer ring comprises at least two sub-rings which are connected and expanded by a group of triangular trusses which are separately arranged along the circumferential direction, and each triangular truss comprises two outer chord nodes which are abutted outwards and expand the two sub-rings and one inner chord node which is far away from the outer bag body; the inner chord node is separately connected with two ends of the hub shaft through two radial pull rods.
2. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, further comprising an environmental control system for regulating the air pressure inside the outer bladder to maintain the air pressure inside the outer bladder between a set negative pressure limit and a set positive pressure limit;
the environment control system comprises an environment control controller, and a group of normally closed air valves arranged at the bottom of the outer bag body and a group of blowers arranged on the outer bag body are respectively controlled to be opened and closed under the difference of internal pressure and external pressure;
when the positive pressure in the outer capsule body is higher than the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls to open the air valve and exhaust air outwards under the positive pressure;
a blowing port of the air blower is provided with a normally closed check vane, when the negative pressure in the outer bag body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the ring control controller controls the air blower to work, the air blower blows to open the check vane, the air is inflated into the outer bag body, and the negative pressure is reduced;
the negative pressure limit value is not more than a negative pressure value corresponding to a compression limit of the integral tensioning main keel, and the positive pressure limit value is not more than a positive pressure value corresponding to a tension limit of the outer bag body;
the air pressure in the outer capsule body is positive pressure when being higher than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body, and the air pressure in the outer capsule body is negative pressure when being lower than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body.
3. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, further comprising a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship, the propulsion system including at least one tail thrust controlled by a propulsion controller; the tail is fixed on the outer surface of an outer bag body of the tail area of the stratospheric airship and is opposite to the end part of the central spindle truss.
4. The stratospheric airship of claim 3, wherein the propulsion system further comprises at least one lateral thrust controlled by the propulsion controller, the lateral thrust being fixed on the outer surface of the outer bladder in bilateral symmetry, facing the outer ring.
5. The stratospheric airship of any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising an energy source system for providing energy, and a pod for holding a load; the energy system comprises a solar energy collecting plate covering at least part of the upper surface of the stratospheric airship, the solar energy collecting plate is electrically connected with a storage battery for supplying power to the stratospheric airship, and the storage battery is placed in the nacelle.
6. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, wherein adjacent two of the stiffening rings are interconnected by a set of longitudinal tie bars that diverge in a direction perpendicular to the circumferential direction, the longitudinal tie bars fixedly connecting a pair of outer chord nodes on the adjacent two stiffening rings that are directly opposite to each other.
7. The stratospheric airship of claim 6, further comprising a stretching secondary keel arranged in the head area of the airship and connected to a pair of outer chord nodes which are opposite to each other on two adjacent stiffening rings, wherein the stretching secondary keel comprises a stretching outer pull rod and a stretching inner pull rod which are stretched by at least one hollow web-shaped stay rod, and the longitudinal pull rods connected to the same pair of outer chord nodes sequentially pass through the stay rods.
8. The stratospheric airship according to claim 7, wherein the tension outer tie rods and the tension inner tie rods are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, and the number of the stay rods is set according to the length of the section of the tension secondary keel and is not less than 3.
9. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, wherein the outer capsule body is further provided with at least two pairs of tail wings which are arranged on the outer surfaces of two opposite sides of the tail area and are opposite to each other, the tail wings are inflatable tail wings, and the four tail wings are arranged in an X shape.
10. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, further comprising at least one retractable air cushion disposed at a bottom of the stratospheric airship opposite the stiffening ring.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of floating aircrafts, in particular to a stratospheric airship with a large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure.
Background
Stratosphere, also called stratosphere, the second stratum of the earth's atmosphere from bottom to top, above the troposphere, below the middle stratum, i.e. about 10-50 km above sea level, warm on the top and cold on the bottom, and an average atmospheric density of about 88.9g/m3The atmosphere in the stratosphere flows horizontally, the air rarely rolls up and down, and the air flow is relatively stable, so that most aircrafts fly in the stratosphere.
The stratospheric airship is a low-dynamic aircraft which is used for long-term parking in the near space of the stratosphere by utilizing static buoyancy and combining propulsion and comprehensive environment control, flight control, energy source and other systems, has wide military and civil application potential, and is a strategic space resource development platform and a key research and development field of China. However, at present, the method is still in the stages of key technology attack, bottleneck technology breakthrough and integrated technology verification worldwide, and no mature industrial-grade application product exists.
Since the stratosphere has a thin air density of only about the sea level 1/14 and a very small buoyancy, a blimp made of a lightweight material is generally used at home and abroad for the purpose of weight reduction. However, the stratosphere alternates day and night to cause the temperature of the airship to alternate, so that buoyancy change, pressure change and mass center change are generated, and the airship is unstable in a standing-in-air state. Meanwhile, the air compression is difficult due to the thin gas, so that a special air blower with low flow and high pressure head is needed for a pressure maintaining air blower, the energy consumption is high, the efficiency is low, and the manufacturing cost is high; and the rarefied air requires large blade diameter, low speed and heavy weight of the high-altitude propeller, so that the thrust efficiency is low. In addition, more energy is consumed to maintain the state of the airship system, which also increases the overall weight of the airship system. The total weight of the stratospheric airship system is not light. Moreover, the airship system requires long-term parking, height keeping and buoyancy maintaining, and the existing technology cannot be effectively solved. Technologists in this field are still conducting various explorations at home and abroad.
The Chinese patent application 'a bionic stratospheric airship' (CN108706091A) and 'a stratospheric airship buoyancy and pressure cooperative control method' (CN108725734A) provides a novel airship configuration and layout according to the appearance principle of a monk jellyfish, a gas-liquid reversibly-regulated working medium is filled in a thermal regulation air bag, the working medium is converted between a liquid state and a gas state through a thermal circulation device, and the method of pressure and buoyancy cooperative control is adopted, so that long-term control over pressure and buoyancy is realized, but the problem of mass center regulation is not solved.
Chinese patent "a stratospheric airship including a hydrogen regulating device" (CN106394855A) maintains buoyancy and pressure by releasing hydrogen storage ballast, supplementing helium loss, and realizes circulation by combining hydrogen and oxygen electrochemical reaction of fuel cell, but has many technical difficulties and hydrogen is not yet used for airship at present.
The scheme has high feasibility, but the influence of an ammonia working medium on a floating center and an airship mass center and the control problem of the floating center and the airship mass center are not effectively solved.
The chinese patent "rigid structural system of large airship" (cn201521080600.x) proposes an airship of rigid structural system, comprising a prestressed structural system and a flexible outer capsule structure. The prestress structure system consists of a central core shaft, prestress stiffening rings and longitudinal connecting rods. However, the prestressed stiffening rings of the structure have low rigidity and poor stability, and a through long central spindle penetrates through the head and the tail of the airship capsule body and respectively penetrates through the central tubes of a plurality of prestressed stiffening rings, so that the central spindle is subjected to a large bending action force, is easy to destabilize, has low bearing capacity, is inconvenient to install and is difficult to form integral feasible pretension; the flexible outer capsule structure and the prestress structure system are difficult to cooperatively bear force, and the overall structure efficiency is low.
The Chinese patent application 'hard stratospheric airship with a novel structure' (CN108725741A) provides a hard stratospheric airship, wherein a plurality of outer bag body frames consisting of stiffening rings and rod pieces are arranged outside outer bag bodies, the inner bag bodies are divided into cabin inner bag bodies which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the airship, helium is stored, and air is stored in the bag bodies between the outer bag bodies and the inner bag bodies.
The Chinese patent application 'a large-scale semi-rigid structure airship' (CN201910275705.7) adopts a structure that an integral keel and a pre-tension bag body of a tension-compression self-balancing system are integrated to cooperatively bear force, and the pre-tension bag body has the characteristics of integral shape keeping under zero pressure, integral rigidity under low pressure and high bearing shape. However, the whole capsule body is not negative pressure and can approach zero pressure, and part of the capsule body (spherical head or low-resistance streamline shape) can not keep the shape and rigidity under low pressure or zero pressure, and meanwhile, the invention only aims at the structural system of the airship and does not relate to the improvement of the whole characteristics of the airship.
Namely, the long-term staying-in-air viability of the stratospheric airship in the prior art is still not well solved, and the long-term staying-in-air viability of the stratospheric airship becomes an obstacle to industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be further improved and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a large scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, so as to improve the long-term standing-in viability of the stratospheric airship.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a large-scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, which comprises a sealed outer bag body and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies arranged in the outer bag body; the outer bag body is formed by wrapping a rigid tensioning integral main keel by a flexible low-air-permeability film material, and air is filled in the outer bag body; the inner bag body is made of an ultra-light low-strength film, helium is filled in the inner bag body, and a helium valve is arranged at the top of the outer bag body of the inner bag body; the integral tensioning main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a group of central mandrel trusses, wherein the central mandrel trusses are sequentially connected and fixed at two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship after being connected; the stiffening ring comprises an outer ring for supporting the outer bag body, the outer ring comprises at least two sub-rings which are connected and expanded by a group of triangular trusses which are separately arranged along the circumferential direction, and each triangular truss comprises two outer chord nodes which are abutted outwards and expand the two sub-rings and one inner chord node which is far away from the outer bag body; the inner chord node is separately connected with two ends of the hub shaft through two radial pull rods.
Preferably, the inner bladder annularly surrounds the central core truss.
Preferably, the device further comprises an environmental control system for adjusting the air pressure inside the outer capsule body so as to maintain the air pressure inside the outer capsule body between a set negative pressure limit value and a set positive pressure limit value; the environment control system comprises an environment control controller, and a group of normally closed air valves arranged at the bottom of the outer bag body and a group of blowers arranged on the outer bag body are respectively controlled to be opened and closed under the difference of internal pressure and external pressure; when the positive pressure in the outer capsule body is higher than the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls to open the air valve and exhaust air outwards under the positive pressure; a blowing port of the air blower is provided with a normally closed check vane, when the negative pressure in the outer bag body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the ring control controller controls the air blower to work, the air blower blows to open the check vane, the air is inflated into the outer bag body, and the negative pressure is reduced; the negative pressure limit value is not more than a negative pressure value corresponding to a compression limit of the integral tensioning main keel, and the positive pressure limit value is not more than a positive pressure value corresponding to a tension limit of the outer bag body; the air pressure in the outer capsule body is positive pressure when being higher than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body, and the air pressure in the outer capsule body is negative pressure when being lower than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body.
More preferably, the air valve and the blower are provided in plurality.
More preferably, the air blower comprises a high-altitude air blower and a low-altitude air blower, and the operation is controlled by the environment-controlled controller according to the suspension height of the stratospheric airship.
Preferably, a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship is further included, the propulsion system including at least one tail thrust controlled by a propulsion controller; the tail is fixed on the outer surface of an outer bag body of the tail area of the stratospheric airship and is opposite to the end part of the central spindle truss.
More preferably, the propulsion system further comprises at least one lateral thruster controlled by the propulsion controller, the lateral thruster being fixed on the outer surface of the outer bladder in a bilateral symmetry manner, facing the outer ring.
Further preferably, the side pushing and the tail pushing adopt a high-altitude motor to drive a high-altitude paddle.
Preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises an energy source system for providing energy, and a pod for placing a load.
More preferably, the energy system comprises a solar energy collecting plate covering at least part of the upper surface of the stratospheric airship, and the solar energy collecting plate is electrically connected with a storage battery for supplying power to the stratospheric airship.
Further preferably, the battery powers the environmental control system and/or the propulsion system.
Further preferably, the battery is placed in the pod.
Preferably, two adjacent stiffening rings are connected with each other through a group of longitudinal pull rods which are vertical to the circumferential direction and are scattered, and the longitudinal pull rods are fixedly connected with a pair of outer chord nodes which are arranged on the two adjacent stiffening rings and are opposite to the two adjacent stiffening rings.
More preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises a stretching secondary keel which is arranged in the head area of the airship and connected to a pair of outer chord nodes which are arranged on two adjacent stiffening rings and are opposite to each other, the stretching secondary keel comprises a stretching outer pull rod and a stretching inner pull rod which are stretched by at least one hollow web-shaped stay bar, and the longitudinal pull rods connected to the same pair of outer chord nodes sequentially penetrate through the stay bars.
Further preferably, the string stretching outer pull rod is attached to the inner surface of the outer bag body.
Further preferably, the string stretching outer pull rod and the string stretching inner pull rod are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, and the number of the stay rods is set according to the length of the segments of the string stretching secondary keel and is not less than 3.
Preferably, the outer bag body is also provided with at least two pairs of tail wings which are arranged on the outer surfaces of two opposite sides of the tail area in a facing and separated mode, the tail wings are inflatable tail wings, and the four tail wings are in an X-shaped layout.
Preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises at least one retractable air cushion, and the air cushion is arranged at the bottom of the stratospheric airship and is right opposite to the stiffening ring.
More preferably, the number of the air cushions is more than 4, and the air cushions are dispersedly and symmetrically arranged on the bottom belly of the stratospheric airship.
More preferably, the air cushion is folded in the cruise stage of the stratospheric airship, and is inflated to the design pressure when the airship returns to the ground and lands at a certain height.
Further preferably, the certain height is 1 km.
The invention also discloses a working method of the stratospheric airship, wherein the stratospheric airship resides in a stratosphere: when the air pressure in the outer bag body exceeds the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls the outer bag body to deflate outwards through the air valve; and when the air pressure in the outer capsule body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls the high-altitude blower to inflate the inner part of the outer capsule body.
The invention further discloses a working method of the stratospheric airship, wherein when the stratospheric airship is in return flight and landing: when the height is higher than 10km, the environmental controller controls the outer bag body to be at a set negative pressure limit value, and the high-altitude blower is started to blow air to control the weight and landing speed of the stratospheric airship; and at the height lower than 10km, the environmental controller controls the outer bag body to be at a set lower positive pressure limit value, and the low-altitude blower is started to blow air to control the weight and landing speed of the stratospheric airship.
The technical effects are as follows: the invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship, which comprises an outer bag body supported by a tensioned integral main keel and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies arranged in the outer bag body, wherein the tensioned integral main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a plurality of central core shaft trusses which are sequentially connected with two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the airship. According to the stratospheric airship, the appearance of the outer bag body is limited by arranging the fixed-shape tensioning integral main keel, the volume and the buoyancy stability of the outer bag body are basically ensured, a complex control system is reduced, and the energy required by parking is reduced, so that long-term parking flight can be realized, the internal pressure control is simple, the posture is stable, the energy consumption is low, the lifting and returning controllability is excellent, and a foundation is laid for the industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top down cross-sectional view of the structural system of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the skeletal structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a stiffening ring structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an environmental control system layout of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a propulsion system layout view of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tensioned chord cross keel of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the invention;
in the figure, 101, a whole main keel is tensioned, 102, a string secondary keel, 103, an outer bladder, 104, an inner bladder, 105, an empennage, 106, a nacelle, 107, an air cushion, 10101, a stiffening ring, 10102 central core shaft truss, 10103 longitudinal pull rods, 1010101, a triangular truss, 1010102, a hub shaft, 1010103, radial pull rods, 1010104, an outer ring, 10201, a string outer pull rod, 10202, a string inner pull rod, 10203, a stay rod, 201, a high altitude blower, 202, a low altitude blower, 203, an air valve, 204, a helium valve, 205, a differential pressure meter, 206, an annular control controller, 301, lateral pushing, 302, tail pushing and 401 are arranged, and a solar panel.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
The invention discloses a large-scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, wherein the sectional view in the vertical direction of the integrated structure is shown in figure 1, and the large-scale stratospheric airship comprises a sealed
The tensioned integral
Inside the
The specific structure of the integral tensioning
Specifically, the
That is, two outer chord nodes of the three vertexes of the
At the center, the
Therefore, the force applied by the
In a better embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, two adjacent stiffening rings 10101 are further connected to each other by a set of longitudinal tie bars 10103 distributed perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and the longitudinal tie bars 10203 are fixedly connected to a pair of outer chord nodes on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101, which are opposite to each other, so as to form the skeleton of the stratospheric airship more accurately and further support the
When the temperature of the stratosphere decreases, or when there is no direct sunlight, for example, at night, the air temperature inside the
Specifically, in one embodiment, the blowers, specifically including the
When the temperature of the stratosphere rises or sunlight is directly irradiated on the stratosphere airship in the daytime, the temperature of the air inside the
Specifically, the working method of the stratospheric airship comprises the following steps:
during the stratospheric docking phase, when the air pressure in the
In the return flight landing stage, at the high altitude stratosphere, the
When the air pressure in the
In order to ensure the maneuvering flight capability, a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship is further arranged on the stratospheric airship, and as shown in fig. 5 in particular, the propulsion system includes at least one
In a further preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that the stagnation time of the stratospheric airship is sufficiently long, the stratospheric airship also carries an energy system, for example a renewable energy source, in particular a solar cell system. As shown in fig. 5, the
As shown in fig. 2, a
Furthermore, preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the tail region is further provided with two pairs of four inflatable tail wings without
In a more preferred embodiment, in the airship head area of the stratospheric airship, a reinforcing structure is further provided, specifically: on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101 in the head area, a string
As shown in fig. 6 in particular, the tensioned string
Moreover, the
Considering that the stratospheric airship is to return to the ground, to prevent a hard landing, an inflatable
In order to ensure the pneumatic performance of the stratospheric airship, the
In conclusion, the invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship, which comprises an
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.