阅读说明：本技术 一种超重环境条件火灾行为与燃烧特征研究综合实验装置 (Comprehensive experimental device for research on fire behavior and combustion characteristics under overweight environmental conditions ) 是由 王强 闫瑾 朱耘瑞 李�浩 唐飞 石琴 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超重环境条件火灾行为与燃烧特征研究综合实验装置,包括高精度离心搭载平台、耐压实验载荷舱室、载荷舱气氛调节系统和燃烧实验装置,其中通过高精度离心搭载平台可以实现1-30g范围内不同水平连续变化的超重环境；耐压实验载荷舱室用于搭载燃烧实验装置；载荷舱气氛调节系统通过气源接口与耐压实验载荷舱室内部连接,实现气压和气氛的调节；燃烧实验装置则用于布置实验所需的设备,并通过高速摄像机、热电偶和烟气分析传感器等实现燃烧行为图像的记录,火焰温度的测量和燃烧产物浓度的测量。该装置不仅能够用于研究气体燃料的燃烧行为,也可以搭载固体和液体燃烧行为研究实验系统,研究不同类型燃料在超重环境下的燃烧行为。(The invention discloses a comprehensive experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environment condition, which comprises a high-precision centrifugal carrying platform, a pressure-resistant experimental load cabin, a load cabin atmosphere adjusting system and a combustion experimental device, wherein the overweight environment with different levels changing continuously in the range of 1-30g can be realized through the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform; the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin is used for carrying a combustion experiment device; the load cabin atmosphere adjusting system is connected with the inside of the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin through an air source interface to realize the adjustment of air pressure and atmosphere; the combustion experiment device is used for arranging equipment required by the experiment, and recording combustion behavior images, measuring flame temperature and measuring the concentration of combustion products through a high-speed camera, a thermocouple, a flue gas analysis sensor and the like. The device not only can be used for studying the combustion behavior of gas fuel, but also can carry on solid and liquid combustion behavior research experiment system, study the combustion behavior of different types of fuel under overweight environment.)

1. The utility model provides an overweight environmental condition conflagration action and burning characteristic research integrated experiment device which characterized in that: the device comprises a high-precision centrifugal carrying platform part, a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin part, a load cabin atmosphere adjusting system part and a combustion experiment device part;

the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform part (1) is used for providing an overweight environment and comprises a high-precision numerical control motor (2), a large-load high-precision centrifugal rack (3), series counter weights (4) with different sizes, a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin (5), an upper fixed bearing (6), a lower fixed bearing (6), a transmission chain and a gear (7), wherein the generated overweight environment is 1-30g and is used for providing the overweight environment required by experimental research of combustion behaviors in the lift-off stage of a simulated spacecraft; the large-load high-precision centrifugal rack (3) is made of high-strength stainless steel and can bear an experiment chamber and a balance weight under a large-load condition;

the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform part (1) is fixed between an upper ceiling and a lower ceiling by an upper fixed bearing (6) and a lower fixed bearing (6), and the high-precision numerical control motor (2) drives the centrifugal rack to rotate through a transmission chain and a gear (7) to drive the balance weight (4) and the experiment cabin (5);

the high-precision numerical control motor (2) is controlled by a control and data acquisition computer (9) through a PLC (8), the required motor rotating speed can be input through the control and data acquisition computer (9), and an instruction is transmitted to a frequency converter through the PLC (8), so that the control of the rotating speed of the high-precision numerical control motor (2) is realized;

the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin (5) is used for carrying a combustion experiment device (10), an openable door is reserved on one surface of the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin, the wall surface of the cabin is made of stainless steel, and signal, power supply and air supply interfaces are reserved on the cabin wall;

the load cabin atmosphere adjusting system (11) is connected with the inside of the experiment cabin through an air source interface, before an experiment, a control and data acquisition computer (9) sets an air pressure value according to the experiment requirement, an instruction is sent to the PLC (8), and the PLC (8) controls the vacuum pump/pressurizing pump (12), so that the pressure in the cabin is controlled, and the adjustable range of the pressure is 0.3-3 atm; in addition, if the gas components in the cabin need to be changed, the cabin is firstly pumped to a certain vacuum degree through a vacuum pump (12), then the flow of a mass flow meter (13) is controlled by a PLC (8), and N is charged according to the experimental requirements₂、O₂And CO₂Gas to achieve the purpose of changing gas atmosphere; before inflation, the air source is respectively inflated by N₂、O₂And CO₂A gas cylinder (14) is provided, a pressure reducing valve (15) and a mass flowmeter (13) are connected through a pipeline to control the gas flow, the gas is mixed in a mixing chamber (16) according to the proportion, and then the gas is conveyed into a pressure-resistant experiment load chamber (5) through a pipeline; pressure and gas concentration sensors are arranged in the chamber, the pressure and the gas concentration of each component in the chamber are monitored, and the working gas is used as the working gasAfter the pressure and the atmosphere meet the experimental requirements, disconnecting the atmosphere adjusting system (11), the vacuum pump/booster pump (12) and the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin (5), evacuating, and sealing the experimental cabin;

the combustion experiment device (10) is arranged inside a pressure-resistant experiment load chamber (5) and comprises: the device comprises a fuel gas bottle (17), a pressure reducing valve (18), a fuel mass flow meter (19), a burner (20), an igniter (21), a thermocouple (22), a high-speed camera (23), an online monitoring lens (24), a flue gas analysis sensor (25) and illumination LED (light emitting diode) light (26); the devices are fixed in the cabin in three layers, wherein two groups of fuel gas cylinders (17) and pressure reducing valves (18) are fixed at the bottommost layer, a fuel mass flow meter (19) is fixed at the middle layer, and the other devices are all arranged at the topmost layer;

the flue gas analysis sensor (25) is positioned at the top of the cabin and right above the fire source and is used for detecting NOx, CO and CO of combustion products₂The concentration of (c); the thermocouples (22) are used for measuring the flame temperature, are arranged on a central axis above a nozzle of the combustor (20), and are vertically arranged at equal intervals; the online monitoring lens (24) is used for monitoring the flame state in the experimental process in real time; the three parts are all connected with a wireless data transceiver (27) and can transmit data to a control and data acquisition computer (9) in real time;

the igniter (21) is controlled by a lower stepping motor (28), before an experiment, the electric heating wire of the igniter (21) is rotated to the upper part of the combustor (20), a direct current power supply supplies power to the electric heating wire, and after the electric heating wire is ignited, the stepping motor moves the electric heating wire out of the nozzle position.

2. The integrated experimental device for research on fire behavior and combustion characteristics under overweight environmental conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental device achieves overweight through centrifugation.

3. The integrated experimental device for research on fire behavior and combustion characteristics under overweight environmental conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental device realizes different levels of overweight environment by changing the rotation speed of a numerical control motor.

4. The integrated experimental device for fire behavior and combustion characteristic research under overweight environmental conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental device not only can carry out experimental research on gas fire under overweight environment, but also can change the experimental system (10) to carry out experimental research on combustion behavior of solid and liquid fuels under overweight environment.

5. The integrated experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under the overweight environmental condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental device not only can shoot flame images and measure flame temperature and combustion product concentration, but also can be provided with some miniaturized flow field display and laser diagnosis equipment to realize measurement of flow field and free radicals such as OH and CH.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of manned aerospace fire safety, in particular to a comprehensive experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environment condition.

Background

Space science and technology is one of the key development directions in China, and is rapidly developed in recent years. However, compared with the space technology developed at a high speed in China, the space technology of China still has a great gap with the international advanced level in the aspect of spacecraft fireproof technology. Since a spacecraft fire can seriously threaten the safety of the astronauts and the spacecraft, the fire is regarded as one of important problems which must be solved in space exploration, particularly manned space technology.

For manned space vehicles, the moment of lift-off is most dangerous (overweight). At this stage, the aircraft works in severe environments such as high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration and the like, and fire accidents are easy to happen. The American challenger spacecrafts and Russian alliance airships have fire accidents in the stage of lift-off and even cause serious consequences of machine destruction and death. Therefore, the fire safety under the overweight condition in the lift-off stage of the spacecraft is also crucial to the development of the aerospace technology. Certain preliminary studies have been carried out in developed countries such as meiri, and it is found that the overweight environment has significant influence on fire and burning behavior. However, the related research on the method is still insufficient in China. Based on the experimental device, the invention provides the experimental device for the fire behavior and the combustion characteristics in the overweight environment, which is used for researching the fire behavior and the combustion characteristics in the overweight environment in the lift-off stage of the spacecraft and providing scientific theoretical support for the development of the fire prevention technology of the spacecraft.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a comprehensive experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environmental condition, which is used for researching fire dynamics behavior characteristics under a complex overweight environment in a spacecraft lift-off stage, provides scientific theoretical support for spacecraft fire prevention, and is beneficial to developing a spacecraft fire prevention and control technology.

The technical solution of the invention for realizing the above purpose is as follows: a comprehensive experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environment condition comprises a high-precision centrifugal carrying platform, a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin, a load cabin atmosphere adjusting system and a combustion experimental device, wherein the experimental system is carried in the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin and is used for carrying out combustion behavior research experiments of different types of fuels (solid, gas and liquid) under the overweight environment;

the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform part comprises a high-precision numerical control motor, a large-load high-precision centrifugal rack, series of counter weights with different sizes, a pressure-resistant experimental load cabin, upper and lower fixed bearings, a transmission chain and gears, and can generate 1-30g of supergravity environment for providing a supergravity environment required by experimental research on combustion behaviors of a simulated spacecraft in an ascent stage; the large-load high-precision centrifugal rack is made of high-strength stainless steel and can bear a pressure-resistant experimental load cabin and counterweights with different sizes under the large-load condition;

the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform part is fixed between an upper ceiling and a lower ceiling by an upper fixed bearing and a lower fixed bearing, and a high-precision numerical control motor drives a centrifugal rack to rotate through a gear and a transmission chain to drive a balance weight and a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin to do centrifugal motion;

the high-precision numerical control motor is controlled by a computer through a PLC (programmable logic controller), the required motor rotating speed can be input through the computer, and the command is transmitted to the frequency converter through the PLC, so that the control of the motor rotating speed is realized;

the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin is used for carrying a combustion experimental device, wherein an openable door is reserved on one surface of the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin, the wall surface of the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin is made of stainless steel, and a signal interface, a power supply interface and a gas supply interface are reserved on the cabin wall;

and the load cabin atmosphere adjusting system is connected with the inside of the experiment cabin through an air source interface. Before the experiment, setting an air pressure value by a computer according to the experiment requirement, sending an instruction to a PLC (programmable logic controller), and controlling a vacuum pump/a pressurizing pump by the PLC so as to control the pressure in the cabin, wherein the adjustable range of the pressure is 0.3-3 atm; in addition, if the gas composition in the chamber needs to be changed, the chamber is firstly pumped to a certain vacuum degree by a vacuum pump, and then the flow of the flow meter is controlled by the PLCAmount of N is charged according to experimental requirements₂、O₂And CO₂Gas to achieve the purpose of changing gas atmosphere; before inflation, the air source is respectively inflated by N₂、O₂And CO₂The gas is supplied by a steel cylinder, is controlled by connecting a pressure reducing valve and a mass flowmeter through a stainless steel pressure-resistant pipeline, is mixed in a mixing chamber according to a proportion, and is conveyed into a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin through a pipeline; pressure and gas concentration sensors are arranged in the chamber, and the pressure in the chamber and the concentration of each component gas are monitored. When the air pressure and the atmosphere meet the experimental requirements, disconnecting the atmosphere adjusting system, the vacuum pump/booster pump and the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin, then evacuating, and sealing the experimental cabin;

the combustion experimental device is arranged in the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin and comprises a fuel gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a mass flow meter, a combustor, an igniter, a thermocouple, a high-speed camera, an online monitoring lens, a flue gas analysis sensor and illuminating LED (light-emitting diode) light; the devices are fixed in the cabin in three layers, wherein two groups of fuel gas cylinders and pressure reducing valves are fixed at the bottommost layer, the mass flow meter is fixed at the middle layer, and the other devices are all arranged at the topmost layer.

The flue gas analysis sensor is positioned at the top of the cabin and right above the fire source and used for detecting NOx, CO and CO of combustion products₂The concentration of (c); the thermocouples are used for measuring the flame temperature, are arranged on the flame central axis and are vertically arranged at equal intervals; the online monitoring lens is used for monitoring the flame state in the experimental process in real time; the three parts are connected with a wireless data transceiver and can transmit data to a data acquisition computer in real time;

the igniter is controlled by a stepping motor remotely controlled by a computer. Before the experiment, the electric heating wire of the igniter is rotated to the upper part of the nozzle of the burner, the electric heating wire is powered by a direct current power supply, and after fuel is ignited, the electric heating wire is moved out of the nozzle by the stepping motor.

Furthermore, the experimental device achieves the purpose of overweight in a centrifugal mode.

Furthermore, the experimental device realizes different levels of overweight environments by changing the rotating speed of the numerical control motor.

Furthermore, the experimental device not only can be used for carrying out gas fire experimental research in an overweight environment, but also can be used for changing an experimental system, so that the experimental device can be used for carrying out combustion behavior experimental research of solid and liquid fuels in the overweight environment.

Furthermore, the experimental device not only can shoot flame images and measure flame temperature and combustion product concentration, but also can be provided with some miniaturized flow field display and laser diagnosis equipment to realize measurement of flow fields and free radicals such as OH and CH in combustion.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:

1. the experimental device can realize the research of fire behavior and combustion characteristics in an overweight environment, the gravity range is continuously adjustable within the range of 1-30g, and the experimental research of the aerospace fire behavior is realized;

2. the experimental device can change the air pressure and atmosphere of the pressure-resistant experimental load cabin by using the atmosphere adjusting system, and realizes the research on the evolution rule of fire and combustion behaviors in the atmosphere environments of different aircrafts and spacecrafts;

3. the experimental device can be used for researching the combustion behavior of gas fuel, and can also be used for carrying a solid and liquid combustion behavior research experimental system, so that the research on the fire and combustion behavior mechanisms of different types of fuels can be carried out;

4. the experimental device can realize the research on the relation between the fire and combustion key characteristic parameters such as flame temperature, combustion products, a combustion flow field, flame macroscopic form, flame stability, material fire spread, flammability and the like and the gravity environment through the organic combination of all subsystems, and provides scientific theoretical support for aerospace fire prevention and control;

drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive experimental apparatus for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environmental condition according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system of the integrated experimental apparatus for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under an overweight environmental condition;

in the above drawings, 1 is a high-precision centrifugal carrying platform; 2, a high-precision numerical control motor; 3 is a large-load high-precision centrifugal frame; 4, series of counter weights with different sizes are arranged; 5 is a pressure-resistant experimental load cabin; 6 is an upper fixed bearing and a lower fixed bearing; 7 is a transmission chain and a gear; 8 is a PLC; 9 is a control and data acquisition computer; 10 is a combustion experimental device; 11 is a load compartment atmosphere adjusting system; 12 is a vacuum pump/booster pump; 13 is a mass flow meter; 14 is filled into N₂、O₂And CO₂A cylinder of gas; 15 is a pressure reducing valve; 16 is a mixing chamber; 17 is a fuel gas cylinder; 18 is a fuel gas cylinder pressure reducing valve; 19 is a fuel mass flow meter; 20 is a burner; 21 is an igniter; 22 is a thermocouple; 23 is a high-speed camera; 24 is an online monitoring lens; 25 is a flue gas analysis sensor; 26 is lighting LED light; 27 is a wireless data transceiver; reference numeral 28 denotes a stepping motor.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the comprehensive experimental device for researching fire behavior and combustion characteristics under the overweight environmental condition comprises a high-precision centrifugal carrying platform, a pressure-resistant experimental load cabin, a load cabin atmosphere adjusting system and a combustion experimental device.

The high-precision centrifugal carrying platform 1 consists of a high-precision numerical control motor 2, a large-load high-precision centrifugal rack 3, series counterweights 4 with different sizes, a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin 5, an upper fixed bearing 6, a lower fixed bearing 6, a transmission chain and a gear 7, and can generate 1-30g of continuously adjustable supergravity environment through centrifugal motion; the large-load high-precision centrifugal rack 3 is made of high-strength stainless steel and can bear an experiment chamber and a balance weight under a large-load condition; the high-precision centrifugal carrying platform 1 is fixed between an upper ceiling and a lower ceiling by an upper fixed bearing 6 and a lower fixed bearing 6, and is driven to rotate by a high-precision numerical control motor 2 through a transmission chain and a gear 7 to drive a balance weight 4 and a pressure-resistant experiment load cabin 5 to do centrifugal motion; the high-precision numerical control motor 2 is controlled by a control and data acquisition computer 9 through a PLC8, the required motor rotating speed can be input through the computer, and an instruction is transmitted to a frequency converter through a PLC8, so that the control of the motor rotating speed is realized;

the pressure-resistant experiment load cabin 5 is a stainless steel closed cabin, one surface of which is provided with an openable door, and the cabin wall of which is provided with a signal interface, a power supply interface and a gas source interface for carrying a combustion experiment device 10;

the load cabin atmosphere adjusting system 11 consists of an air source supply subsystem and a pressure adjusting pump. The gas supply subsystem includes a charge N₂、O₂And CO₂A cylinder 14 of gas, a pressure reducing valve 15, a mass flow meter 13 and a mixing chamber 16, which are connected by a stainless steel pressure resistant steel pipe; before the experiment begins, the control and data acquisition computer 9 sets the air pressure value according to the experiment requirement, sends an instruction to the PLC8, and controls the vacuum pump/booster pump 12 by the PLC, thereby controlling the pressure in the cabin, wherein the adjustable range of the pressure is 0.3-3 atm; in addition, if the gas composition in the chamber needs to be changed, the vacuum pump 12 is used for pumping the pressure-resistant experiment load chamber 5 to a certain vacuum degree, then the PLC8 is used for controlling the flow of the mass flow meter 13, and N is filled according to the experiment requirement₂、O₂And CO₂Gas to achieve the purpose of changing gas atmosphere; before inflation, the air source is respectively inflated by N₂、O₂And CO₂A gas cylinder 14 is provided, is controlled by connecting a pressure reducing valve 15 and a mass flow meter 13 through pipelines, is mixed in a mixing chamber 16 according to the proportion, and is conveyed into the pressure-resistant experiment load chamber 5 through a pipeline; pressure and gas concentration sensors are arranged in the chamber, and the pressure in the chamber and the concentration of each component gas are monitored. When the air pressure and the atmosphere meet the experimental requirements, disconnecting the load compartment atmosphere adjusting system 11, the vacuum pump/booster pump 12 and the pressure-resistant experimental load compartment 5, evacuating, and sealing the experimental compartment;

referring to fig. 2, the combustion experimental device 10 is arranged inside the pressure-resistant experimental load chamber 5 and comprises a fuel supply subsystem and a matched measurement and control subsystem. The fuel supply subsystem is composed of a fuel gas bottle 17, a fuel gas bottle pressure reducing valve 18, a fuel mass flow meter 19, a burner 20, an igniter 21 and the like, wherein the fuel gas bottle 17, the pressure reducing valve 18, the fuel mass flow meter 19 and the burner 20 are connected through a pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe to supply gas fuel; the igniter 21 is controlled by its lower stepping motor 28; before the experiment, the following components are addedThe electric heating wire of the igniter 21 rotates to the upper part of the nozzle of the burner 20, a direct current power supply supplies power to the electric heating wire, and after the electric heating wire is ignited, the electric heating wire is moved out of the nozzle by the stepping motor; the matched measurement and control subsystem consists of a thermocouple 22, a high-speed camera 23, an online monitoring lens 24, a flue gas analysis sensor 25 and an illumination LED lamp 26; the thermocouples 22 are used for measuring the flame temperature, are arranged on the central axis above the nozzles of the combustor 20 and are vertically arranged at equal intervals; a flue gas analysis sensor 25 is arranged at the top of the cabin, in a position directly above the fire source, for detecting the combustion products NOx, CO and CO₂The concentration of (c); the high-speed camera 23 is used for recording flame images in the experimental process; the online monitoring lens 24 is used for monitoring the flame state in the experimental process in real time; an illumination LED lamp 26 for providing illumination; the thermocouple 22, the online monitoring lens 24 and the flue gas analysis sensor 25 are connected with the wireless data transceiver 27, and can transmit data to the data acquisition computer 9 in real time; the devices are fixed in the cabin in three layers, wherein two groups of fuel gas bottles 17 and pressure reducing valves 18 are fixed at the bottommost layer, a fuel mass flow meter 19 is fixed at the middle layer, and the other devices are all arranged at the topmost layer;

finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.