阅读说明：本技术 一种生活垃圾及餐厨垃圾生物发酵制肥方法 (Method for preparing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage ) 是由 孙然 于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生活垃圾及餐厨垃圾生物发酵制肥方法,具体包括以下步骤：(1)分拣,得到有机固体废弃物；(2)挤压,得到有机物基料；(3)破碎,得到粒径小于2cm的有机物粉料；(4)将有机物粉料、锯末和糠麸充分搅拌混合,然后加水,得到含水量为40～50wt％的发酵基质；(5)加入微生物制剂,搅拌均匀,发酵,灭菌,干燥,即得。本发明制得的有机肥含水率15％～20％,易装卸运输保存,全部可实现资源化利用,让传统制肥工艺工业化、自动化、高效化；同时,使废弃物能得到有效解决、合理利用,能有效减少浪费,实现废弃物的再次利用、资源的循环发展。(The invention discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) sorting to obtain organic solid waste; (2) extruding to obtain an organic base material; (3) crushing to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size of less than 2 cm; (4) fully stirring and mixing the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%; (5) adding microbial preparation, stirring, fermenting, sterilizing, and drying. The water content of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is 15-20%, the organic fertilizer is easy to load, unload, transport and store, and can be completely recycled, so that the traditional fertilizer preparation process is industrialized, automated and efficient; meanwhile, the waste can be effectively solved and reasonably utilized, the waste can be effectively reduced, and the reutilization of the waste and the cyclic development of resources are realized.)

1. A method for preparing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste, inorganic solid waste and oily wastewater;

(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;

(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;

(4) mixing: mixing the organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), sawdust and bran, fully stirring, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%;

(5) fermentation: and (4) adding a microbial preparation into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting, sterilizing and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran is 60-80: 20-25: 15-20.

3. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the fermentation substrate is 1: 5000-10000.

4. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus lactis, salt-tolerant bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a mass ratio of 1.0-1.2: 0.8-1.0: 0.6-0.8.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the viable count of the microbial preparation is 2 x 10⁸～5×10⁸CFU/g。

6. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the fermentation conditions are as follows: the stirring speed is 100-150 rpm, the ventilation amount is 300-500 vvm, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the time is 8-12 h.

7. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the sterilization temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 30-45 min;

the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 15-20 min.

8. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: sorting the inorganic solid wastes obtained in the step (1) again, performing waste plastic treatment on the obtained plastic wastes, performing brick making treatment on the masonry wastes, and performing heat energy conversion treatment on the fiber wastes.

9. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: and (3) mixing the oily wastewater obtained in the step (1) and the oily wastewater obtained in the step (2), performing oil-water separation, performing sewage treatment on the generated wastewater to reach the standard, discharging, and performing resource recovery on the generated waste oil to prepare the biodiesel.

10. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: and (3) cooling and deodorizing the waste gas generated in the extrusion process in the step (2) to reach the standard, and then discharging.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage.

Background

With the increasing economic growth of our country, the living standard of residents is remarkably improved, the catering industry has become a very important component for the economic development and the basic demand of the daily life of the masses, and meanwhile, the yield of domestic garbage and kitchen garbage is increased day by day. The catering structure in China is complex, and if the kitchen waste generated every day cannot be effectively treated in time, the kitchen waste not only brings huge risks to livestock and poultry breeding, but also causes a large amount of illegal cooking oil to return to a dining table, pollutes the environment and seriously affects the food safety and the body health. In order to create a good living environment, the disposal of the domestic garbage and the kitchen garbage must be paid high attention, so that the establishment of harmless treatment and resource utilization projects of the domestic garbage and the kitchen garbage is a necessary way for garbage disposal.

At present, domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mainly have the following treatment modes:

smash direct vent, be about to domestic waste and kitchen garbage smash the back again through municipal pipe network discharge, however, this kind of treatment mode will consume a large amount of clean water resources, and a large amount of discarded grease of production both blockked up municipal pipe network and sewer pipe easily, still can increase the processing load and the processing degree of difficulty of sewage simultaneously, increase the propagation etc. of disease.

The landfill treatment is to send the household garbage, the kitchen garbage and the common waste into a landfill site for landfill treatment, and although the treatment mode is simple and easy to operate, a large amount of organic substances in the garbage can be decomposed, the influence on the environment is small, the leakage can occur, the influence on surface water and underground water is caused, and the selection of the landfill soil is more and more difficult.

And (3) feed treatment, namely, after the measures of dewatering, heating, desalting, sterilizing and the like are carried out on the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, finally, a protein feed substance meeting the sanitary standard is generated. The treatment mode improves the use value of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, reserves nutrient substances in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the maximum extent, but has potential risk of short circuit of food chains.

The common methods for energy treatment include an incineration method, a fermentation method and a thermal decomposition method, but the efficiency of converting the incineration method into heat energy is low, auxiliary fuel needs to be added during combustion, so that the investment is large, and the treatment of the incineration tail gas is also a difficult problem; the fermentation method does not well utilize the protein in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, so that certain waste is caused, and the improvement of the process is needed; the thermal decomposition method has less research in the present stage, the technology is not mature, and the application has certain limitation.

Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer treatment method has the advantages that the fertilizer treatment method is widely applied and mainly comprises aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion, but the treatment method has large occupied area and long treatment period, the pollution generated in the treatment process can cause secondary pollution to the environment, the efficiency is more under the control condition, the fertilizer output quality is poor, and the output cost is high.

Therefore, how to develop an environment-friendly and pollution-free method for preparing fertilizer by recycling household garbage and kitchen garbage is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste, inorganic solid waste and oily wastewater;

(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;

(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;

(4) mixing: mixing the organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), sawdust and bran, fully stirring, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%;

(5) fermentation: and (4) adding a microbial preparation into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting, sterilizing and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Further, in the step (1), the organic solid waste is leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea leaves and the like, and the inorganic solid waste is plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like.

Further, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran is 60-80: 20-25: 15-20.

Further, in the step (5), the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the fermentation substrate is 1: 5000-10000.

Further, in the step (5), the microbial preparation is prepared by mixing bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus lactis, bacillus halodurans and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the mass ratio of 1.0-1.2: 0.8-1.0: 0.6-0.8.

Further, the microbial preparation has viable count of 2 × 10⁸～5×10⁸CFU/g。

Further, in the step (5), the fermentation conditions are as follows: the stirring speed is 100-150 rpm, the ventilation amount is 300-500 vvm, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the time is 8-12 hours.

Further, in the step (5), the sterilization temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 30-45 min; the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 15-20 min.

Further, the method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage further comprises the following steps:

sorting the inorganic solid wastes obtained in the step (1) again, performing waste plastic treatment on the generated plastic wastes, performing brick making treatment on the masonry wastes, and performing heat energy conversion treatment on the fiber wastes;

mixing the oily wastewater obtained in the step (1) and the oily wastewater obtained in the step (2), performing oil-water separation, performing sewage treatment on the generated wastewater to reach the standard, discharging, and performing resource recovery on the generated waste oil to prepare biodiesel;

and (3) cooling and deodorizing the waste gas generated in the extrusion process in the step (2) to reach the standard, and then discharging.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, solid-liquid separation, crushing, salt reduction, lipid reduction and other treatment are carried out on the organic solid wastes in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, so that organic matter powder for fermentation is obtained; then adding efficient microbial agents, fermenting the organic base materials into soil organic fertilizer raw materials, sterilizing and drying at high temperature after fermentation, wherein the water content of the prepared organic fertilizer is 15-20%, the organic fertilizer is easy to transport, transport and store, and can be completely recycled, so that the industrialization, automation and high efficiency of the traditional fertilizer preparation process are realized, and the 'waste is turned into wealth' is really realized;

2. the inorganic solid waste is sorted again and treated respectively, the oily wastewater is subjected to oil-water separation and resource recovery and sewage treatment respectively, the waste gas is cooled and deodorized, the waste gas treatment process is finished under vacuum, steam and odor in the waste gas are condensed, zero emission of odor is realized, no odor is generated, no disturbance to people is caused, no odor is generated outdoors through technical innovation, zero emission of waste gas is realized, and no pollution is really realized;

3. according to the invention, the waste in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage is finally solidified into the organic fertilizer, the waste gas and the waste water reach the discharge standard, and the waste oil is used as the biodiesel, so that the waste can be effectively solved and reasonably utilized, the waste can be effectively reduced, and the reutilization of the waste and the cyclic development of resources can be realized; meanwhile, the pollution of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the environment and the secondary pollution caused by secondary transportation can be reduced, the harm of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the health and safety of people can be effectively avoided, the food safety and health are guaranteed, the environmental pollution is prevented, and the resources are saved;

4. the fertilizer preparation method of the invention has the advantages of small occupied area of the used equipment, no influence on the life of surrounding residents, capability of being located in canteens of enterprises and public institutions, large-scale commercial districts and residential districts, small occupied area, small investment and low operation cost.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.