阅读说明：本技术 一种农业废弃物转化系统及其转化方法 (Agricultural waste conversion system and conversion method thereof ) 是由 高天键 万传继 曾令会 高天兴 关士博 于 2019-10-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种农业废弃物转化系统,包括沼气转化平台、有机肥转化平台和合作社,合作社用于全量化收集粪污和农业废弃物,且合作社还用于收集农膜和农药包装袋,沼气转化平台用于将养殖粪污、农村公厕粪污和农业有机废弃物转化为沼气、沼渣和沼液,有机肥转化平台用于将农作物秸秆、农产品加工废弃物、沼渣和沼液转化为有机肥,沼气通过沼气发电机组进行发电上网,合作社还进行沼液消纳。本发明通过成立合作社,建立集合式全方位的超大规模农业废弃物资源转化平台,有效利用农业废弃物规模化产出沼气和有机肥,所得收益可以有力支持转化平台的可持续运行,不但有效利用了废弃物产生经济效益,还变废为宝,避免环境污染、资源浪费等问题。(The invention discloses an agricultural waste conversion system which comprises a biogas conversion platform, an organic fertilizer conversion platform and a cooperative, wherein the cooperative is used for collecting manure and agricultural waste in a full-quantitative manner, the cooperative is also used for collecting agricultural films and pesticide packaging bags, the biogas conversion platform is used for converting cultivation manure, rural public toilet manure and agricultural organic waste into biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry, the organic fertilizer conversion platform is used for converting crop straws, agricultural product processing waste, biogas residues and biogas slurry into organic fertilizer, the biogas is used for generating electricity through a biogas generator set to surf the internet, and the cooperative also carries out biogas slurry absorption. According to the invention, through establishing a cooperative society, an integrated comprehensive ultra-large-scale agricultural waste resource conversion platform is established, the agricultural waste is effectively utilized to produce the biogas and the organic fertilizer on a large scale, the obtained income can powerfully support the sustainable operation of the conversion platform, the waste is effectively utilized to generate economic benefits, the waste is changed into valuable, and the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste and the like are avoided.)

1. The agricultural waste conversion system is characterized by comprising a biogas conversion platform, an organic fertilizer conversion platform and a cooperative, wherein the cooperative is used for collecting manure and agricultural waste in a full-quantitative manner, the cooperative is also used for collecting agricultural films and pesticide packaging bags, the agricultural waste comprises breeding manure, rural public toilet manure, crop straws, agricultural product processing waste and bacteria sticks, the biogas conversion platform is used for converting the breeding manure, the rural public toilet manure and the agricultural organic waste into biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry, the organic fertilizer conversion platform is used for converting the crop straws, the agricultural product processing waste, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry into the organic fertilizer, the biogas is used for power generation through a biogas generator set, and the cooperative also carries out biogas slurry digestion.

2. The method for converting agricultural wastes by adopting the agricultural waste conversion system of claim 1 is characterized by comprising a method for converting cultivation wastes, rural public toilet wastes and agricultural organic wastes into biogas by using a biogas conversion platform and a method for converting crop straws, agricultural product processing wastes, biogas residues and biogas slurry into organic fertilizers by using an organic fertilizer conversion platform;

the method for converting the culture excrement, the rural public toilet excrement and the agricultural organic waste into the biogas by the biogas conversion platform comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: collecting breeding excrement, rural public toilet excrement and agricultural organic waste, putting the collected breeding excrement, rural public toilet excrement and agricultural organic waste into a pretreatment tank, stirring and mixing the collected breeding excrement, rural public toilet excrement and agricultural organic waste with backflow biogas slurry, and blending and homogenizing the mixture to ensure that the mass concentration of solids in the raw materials is 6-10%;

(2) two-stage fermentation: mixing the homogenized raw materials in the step (1) with microbial fermentation bacteria, and sequentially performing primary fermentation and secondary fermentation at the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃ for 20-25 days to obtain a plurality of fermentation products;

(3) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product obtained in the step (2), purifying the separated biogas, and then feeding the purified biogas into a double-membrane gas holder, wherein biogas slurry and biogas residue are respectively stored in a storage pool;

(4) generating electricity by using methane: purifying the biogas obtained in the step (3), introducing the purified biogas into a generator set to generate electricity, and performing internet power supply.

3. The transformation method according to claim 2, wherein the microorganism fermentation bacteria in the step (2) are a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, candida tropicalis and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2: 3.

4. The conversion process of claim 2, wherein the dual membrane gas cabinet pressure in step (3) is 4 kPa.

5. The method of converting an agricultural waste conversion system according to claim 2, wherein the heat of the cooling water and the exhaust gas of the power generating unit heats the raw material in the fermentation tank when the biogas power generation is performed in the step (4).

6. The conversion method of claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer conversion platform is a method for converting crop straws, agricultural product processing wastes and biogas residues and biogas slurry into organic fertilizer, and comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: crushing crop straws and agricultural product processing wastes into powder or segment-shaped scraps, and mixing and stirring the scraps, biogas residues, culture manure and fermentation strains to obtain a raw material mixture;

(2) aerobic composting: piling the raw material mixture obtained in the step (1) into a long strip-shaped strip pile, ventilating and fermenting at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ for 10-15 days, and turning over the pile once every 2-3 days;

(3) aging treatment: aging and stacking the mixture fermented in the step (2) at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, continuing for 10-12 days, and performing secondary fermentation;

(4) metering and packaging: and (4) screening out impurities in the mixture aged in the step (3) to obtain a solid organic fertilizer, subpackaging the solid organic fertilizer in a bag of 20-25 kg, and sealing the bag for warehousing for sale.

7. The transformation method according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation strain in step (1) is a strain in which Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermophilus are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1: 1.

8. The transformation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water content in the aerobic composting step (2) is 30-45%.

9. The conversion method of claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer conversion platform is further capable of converting biogas slurry into liquid organic fertilizer by concentration and modulation.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and particularly relates to an agricultural waste resource conversion system and a conversion method thereof.

Background

Along with the rapid development of novel agriculture, more and more agricultural wastes are generated in the actual production process, including livestock breeding manure, crop straws, agricultural product wastes and the like, a large amount of wastes are randomly stacked and discarded, the resource utilization rate is reduced, a large amount of economic losses are generated, the natural environment is also polluted, particularly, the manure and the urine generated by agricultural breeding pollute water, air, soil and the like, the environmental protection facilities matched and constructed by individual farmers and small-sized breeding owners are seriously lagged, and some agricultural wastes are directly discharged without any treatment or even any treatment, so that serious non-point source pollution is caused. In order to solve the problems of guaranteeing the supply of agricultural and livestock products and environmental pollution, a dispersion treatment mode which accords with the characteristics of rural dispersion culture is adopted all the time, and the dispersion treatment mode is greatly limited in resource utilization due to small scale, for example, biogas generated by livestock manure in a certain culture farm is only supplied to a user to cause resource waste, but the scale of the dispersion treatment mode is not enough for power generation and internet surfing, so that the resources cannot be effectively utilized; wastes such as biogas slurry and the like generated by a farm are not used for producing organic fertilizers, and only can be consumed in land, but the surrounding land does not have the capability of complete consumption, and secondary pollution is caused by direct discharge; the construction cost of the small-sized biogas project is higher, and the biogas, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry can not maintain the continuous operation of the biogas project even if the biogas, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry are sold in the market. Meanwhile, in each treatment link of agricultural wastes, professional and efficient management is lacked, and when equipment fails or coordination errors occur, timely and effective treatment cannot be performed, so that outage due to faults is caused, and a large amount of economic loss is caused. Therefore, a new agricultural waste conversion system is required to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects, the invention provides an agricultural waste conversion system and a conversion method thereof, which effectively utilize agricultural wastes such as cultivation wastes, crop straws, fungus sticks and the like to produce biogas and organic fertilizer in a large scale by establishing an integrated omnibearing super-large-scale agricultural waste resource conversion platform, introduce a rural professional cooperative society organization mode, connect the cultivation industry and the planting industry and enable the system to form ecological cycle. The investment cost of the system is reduced relative to the equivalent scale of the decentralized processing, the obtained income can powerfully support the sustainable operation of the conversion platform, not only effectively utilizes the waste and generates economic benefit, but also changes waste into valuables, and solves the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides an agricultural waste conversion system, including marsh gas conversion platform, organic fertilizer conversion platform and cooperative, the cooperative is used for full quantization collection excrement and dirt and agricultural waste, and the cooperative still is used for collecting agricultural film and pesticide wrapping bag, agricultural waste includes breeding excrement dirt, rural public latrine excrement and dirt, crop straw, agricultural product processing discarded object and fungus stick, marsh gas conversion platform is used for turning into marsh gas, marsh dregs and natural pond liquid with breeding excrement and dirt, rural public latrine excrement and agricultural organic waste, organic fertilizer conversion platform is used for turning into the organic fertilizer with crop straw, agricultural product processing discarded object, marsh dregs and natural pond liquid, marsh gas carries out the electricity generation through marsh gas generating set and surfs the net, the cooperative still carries out natural pond liquid and dissolves and receives.

The method for converting the agricultural wastes by adopting the agricultural waste conversion system comprises a method for converting culture wastes, rural public toilet wastes and agricultural organic wastes into biogas by using a biogas conversion platform and a method for converting crop straws, agricultural product processing wastes and biogas residues into organic fertilizers by using an organic fertilizer conversion platform;

the method for converting the culture excrement, the rural public toilet excrement and the agricultural organic waste into the biogas by the biogas conversion platform comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: collecting breeding excrement, rural public toilet excrement and agricultural organic wastes, combining the agricultural organic wastes with the excrement after pretreatment to form a multi-component raw material, putting the multi-component raw material into a pretreatment tank, stirring and mixing the multi-component raw material and the refluxing biogas slurry, and blending and homogenizing the mixture to ensure that the mass concentration of solids in the raw material is 6-10%;

(2) two-stage fermentation: mixing the homogenized raw materials in the step (1) with microbial fermentation bacteria, and sequentially performing primary fermentation and secondary fermentation at the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃ for 20-25 days to obtain a plurality of fermentation products;

(3) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product obtained in the step (2), purifying the separated biogas, introducing the purified biogas into a double-membrane gas holder, and storing the biogas slurry and the biogas residue in storage pools respectively;

(4) generating electricity by using methane: purifying the biogas obtained in the step (3), introducing the purified biogas into a generator set to generate electricity, and performing internet power supply.

Further, in the step (2), the microbial fermentation bacteria are strains formed by mixing lactic acid bacteria, candida tropicalis and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 3.

Further, the pressure of the double-membrane gas holder in the step (3) is 4 kPa.

Further, when the biogas power generation is carried out in the step (4), the raw materials of the fermentation tank can be heated by the cooling water of the generator set and the heat in the exhaust gas.

Further, the method for converting crop straws, agricultural product wastes, fungus sticks and biogas residues into the organic fertilizer by the organic fertilizer conversion platform comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: crushing crop straws, agricultural product wastes and fungus sticks into powder or segment-shaped scraps, and then mixing and stirring the scraps, biogas residues, culture manure and fermentation strains to obtain a raw material mixture;

(2) aerobic composting: piling the raw material mixture obtained in the step (1) into a long strip-shaped strip pile, ventilating and fermenting at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ for 10-15 days, and turning over the pile once every 2-3 days;

(3) aging treatment: aging and stacking the mixture fermented in the step (2) at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, continuing for 10-12 days, and performing secondary fermentation;

(4) metering and packaging: and (4) screening out impurities in the mixture aged in the step (3) to obtain a solid organic fertilizer, subpackaging the solid organic fertilizer in a bag of 20-25 kg, and sealing the bag and warehousing for sale.

Further, the fermentation strain in the step (1) is a strain formed by mixing bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and streptomyces thermophilus according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.

Further, in the aerobic composting process in the step (2), the water content is 30-45%.

Further, the organic fertilizer conversion platform can also be used for concentrating and modulating biogas slurry to convert the biogas slurry into liquid organic fertilizer.

In summary, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the conversion system provided by the invention, a super-large-scale agricultural waste resource conversion platform is established, a rural professional cooperative society organization form is introduced to be fused with the conversion platform, an ecological closed circulation system is formed, and agricultural waste resources such as cultivation waste, crop straws and the like are utilized in a large scale to convert and produce biogas and organic fertilizers. The system has the capability of processing and converting various agricultural wastes in a large scale and all-round way, so that the investment cost is reduced, the technology is optimized, the professional management is realized, the benefit is remarkable, and the obtained benefit can powerfully support the sustainable operation of the conversion platform.

2. The system has the characteristics of being popularized, agricultural wastes are collected and treated in a full-scale mode by taking county as a unit through 2 conversion platforms and a rural professional cooperative society, the minimum scale of the system is to treat 400 cubic meters of excrement and sewage daily, the produced biogas is 100000 cubic meters, the power generation is 20000 ℃, and meanwhile, 1.5 ten thousand tons of solid organic fertilizer and 3 ten thousand tons of liquid organic fertilizer can be produced annually; the operation mode of the system can be copied and popularized according to the actual conditions of all places, the scale of the system can be superposed according to the minimum scale, agricultural wastes in a county can be treated in a centralized, large-scale and all-round mode, and the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution is solved.

3. The system can quickly realize profitability. The system is constructed and managed by enterprise investment, and the investment cost of the system is reduced by about 20 percent compared with the project investment with the same output scale. The methane conversion platform can produce 10000 cubic meters of methane every day, and all power generation and internet surfing are realized to obtain the subsidy of national renewable energy policy; meanwhile, a system organic fertilizer conversion platform can produce 1.5 ten thousand tons of solid organic fertilizer and 3 ten thousand tons of liquid organic fertilizer. Compared with a single system which is subjected to decentralized processing and is difficult to maintain and operate, the system has the advantages that biogas power generation, internet surfing and organic fertilizer commodity sales are main benefit benefits of the system, and benefits can be obtained besides the maintenance of the system operation. Most of biogas slurry is delivered to the field by a cooperative society according to the fertilizer requirements of a planting base and a planting owner and is subjected to fertilization operation, so that the biogas slurry is effectively utilized, and secondary pollution caused by direct discharge due to excessive biogas slurry is avoided.

4. The system establishes a network platform by introducing a mechanism of a rural professional cooperative society and carrying out marketization operation, and carries out order type organic fertilizer and biogas slurry distribution service in counties. Agricultural waste raw materials are collected for the system, the operations of storage, transportation, distribution and returning of the converted biogas manure are provided for the system platform, and the problem of biogas slurry consumption is solved. While in all dispersed treatment and small-scale treatment systems the biogas slurry consumption is almost in a natural discharge state.

5. The system is beneficial to government management. The agricultural non-point source pollution problem of the whole county can be solved by constructing one or two same systems in one county, the government can concentrate on guiding, the guiding and monitoring effects are exerted, the local agricultural non-point source pollution is controlled, the interactive platform for the resource utilization of the breeding industry and the planting industry is built, and the win-win situation that the environment is worried about after the breeding industry is developed and the environment is protected and the quality of agricultural products is improved is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an agricultural waste conversion system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a biogas conversion platform;

fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an organic fertilizer conversion platform.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an agricultural waste conversion system is provided, which includes a biogas conversion platform, an organic fertilizer conversion platform and a rural professional cooperative, wherein the cooperative is used for collecting agricultural waste in a full-scale manner, the cooperative is also used for collecting, transporting, processing agricultural films and packaging bags, the agricultural waste includes cultivation waste, public toilet waste, crop straws and agricultural product processing waste, the biogas conversion platform is used for converting the cultivation waste, the rural public toilet waste and the agricultural organic waste into biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry, the biogas is used for power generation and internet surfing through a biogas generator set, the organic fertilizer conversion platform is used for converting the crop straws, the agricultural product processing waste, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry into an organic fertilizer, and the cooperative consumes the biogas slurry.

The method for converting the agricultural wastes by adopting the agricultural waste conversion system comprises a method for converting culture wastes, rural public toilet wastes and agricultural organic wastes into biogas by using a biogas conversion platform and a method for converting crop straws, agricultural product processing wastes, biogas residues and biogas slurry into organic fertilizers by using an organic fertilizer conversion platform;

the method for converting the breeding excrement, the rural public toilet excrement and the agricultural wastes into the biogas by the biogas conversion platform comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: collecting breeding excrement, rural public toilet excrement and agricultural wastes, combining the agricultural organic wastes after pretreatment with the excrement to form a multi-component raw material, putting the multi-component raw material into a pretreatment tank, stirring and mixing the multi-component raw material and the refluxing biogas slurry, and then blending and homogenizing the mixture to ensure that the mass concentration of solids in the raw material is 6-10%;

(2) two-stage fermentation: mixing the homogenized raw materials in the step (1) with microbial fermentation bacteria, and sequentially performing primary fermentation and secondary fermentation at the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃ for 20-25 days to obtain a plurality of fermentation products; wherein the microbial fermentation bacteria are strains formed by mixing lactic acid bacteria, candida tropicalis and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 3;

(3) solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product obtained in the step (2), introducing the separated biogas into a double-membrane gas holder, and storing the biogas slurry and the biogas residue in storage pools respectively; wherein the pressure of the double-membrane gas holder is 4 kPa;

(4) generating electricity by using methane: purifying the biogas obtained in the step (3), introducing the purified biogas into a generator set to generate power, and supplying power on the internet, wherein the cooling water of the generator set and the heat in the exhaust gas can heat the fermentation tank raw materials.

The upper limit of the organic matter concentration of the raw materials is 10%, and the fermentation time can be prolonged to 25-45 days according to actual conditions; if a mixed fermentation mode is adopted in the fermentation process, the following proportioning modes are adopted: the mixture ratio of the straw to the pig manure is 9: 1; the mixing fermentation ratio of the corn stalks to the pig manure is 5: 5; the mixing and fermentation ratio of the wheat straw to the pig manure is 1: 9. The above substances are calculated on a dry basis.

The method for converting crop straws, agricultural product production and processing wastes and biogas residues into the organic fertilizer by the organic fertilizer conversion platform comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment: crushing crop straws and agricultural product production and processing wastes into powder or segment-shaped scraps, and mixing and stirring the scraps, biogas residues, culture manure and fermentation strains to obtain a raw material mixture; wherein the fermentation strain is a strain formed by mixing bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and streptomyces thermophilus according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1;

(2) aerobic composting: piling the raw material mixture obtained in the step (1) into a long strip-shaped strip pile, ventilating and fermenting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, wherein the water content is 30% -45% in the fermentation process, and the pile turning is carried out once every 2-3 days;

(3) aging treatment: aging and stacking the mixture fermented in the step (2) at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, continuing for 10-12 days, and performing secondary fermentation;

(4) metering and packaging: and (4) screening out impurities in the mixture aged in the step (3) to obtain a solid organic fertilizer, subpackaging the solid organic fertilizer in a bag of 20-25 kg, and sealing the bag for warehousing for sale.

The organic fertilizer conversion platform can also convert biogas slurry into liquid organic fertilizer. The biogas slurry is subjected to solid-liquid separation and then is conveyed to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation, solid particles contained in the biogas slurry are removed through sedimentation, supernatant is conveyed to a high-efficiency filter through a booster pump to be filtered to remove part of large-particle suspended matters, effluent of the high-efficiency filter enters an intermediate water tank and is filtered through a bag filter, small-particle suspended matters, colloids and granular mechanical impurities are further removed, and the standard of membrane filtration treatment is met. The biogas slurry after multistage filtration enters a membrane pretreatment device for pretreatment after killing and inhibiting bacteria and viruses, and then enters membrane concentration equipment for concentration. And treating the biogas slurry by primary membrane concentration equipment to obtain primary membrane concentrated biogas slurry, and blending to prepare the liquid organic fertilizer. According to the requirements of the fertilizer for crops, some trace elements can be added to effectively complex with humic acid, amino acid, organic acid and the like to prepare the special fertilizer.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.