阅读说明：本技术 葡萄专用水溶肥及其制备和施用方法 (Special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes and preparation and application methods thereof ) 是由 曹凯 王建红 张贤 徐静 于 2019-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种葡萄专用水溶肥及其制备和施用方法,属于水溶肥制造和施用技术领域,葡萄专用水溶肥由15-10-30生长阶段肥和10-10-40着色阶段肥组成；15-10-30阶段生长肥为葡萄开花、谢花坐果、膨果、果实采摘后追肥四个阶段的施用肥料,10-10-40着色阶段肥为葡萄着色初期、中期、后期三个阶段的施用肥料。本发明通过阶段组合水溶肥的施用,满足葡萄开花、谢花坐果、膨果、果实采摘后追肥四个阶段的施用,同时还能够保证葡萄着色阶段葡萄的品相和品质,大大降低了生成成本和管理难度,能够有效提高农户或种植园的经济效益。(The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes and a preparation and application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizer preparation and application, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes consists of a 15-10-30 growth stage fertilizer and a 10-10-40 coloring stage fertilizer; the growth fertilizer in the 15-10-30 stage is applied in four stages of flowering, flowering and fruit setting of grapes, fruit swelling and fruit dressing after picking of grapes, and the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage is applied in three stages of the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of coloring of grapes. The invention meets the application of four stages of flowering, flowering and fruit setting of grapes, fruit swelling and topdressing after picking of fruits by combining the application of the water-soluble fertilizer in stages, can ensure the quality and the appearance of the grapes in the coloring stage of the grapes, greatly reduces the generation cost and the management difficulty, and can effectively improve the economic benefit of farmers or plantation.)

1. The water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes is characterized by comprising a growth stage fertilizer of 15-10-30 and a coloring stage fertilizer of 10-10-40;

the 15-10-30 stage growth fertilizer is an applied fertilizer for four stages of flowering, flowering and fruit setting of grapes, fruit swelling and fruit dressing after picking of grapes, and comprises, by weight, 13% of urea ~ 14%, 46% of potassium nitrate 46 ~ 48%, 16% of monoammonium phosphate ~ 17%, 14% of potassium sulfate ~ 16% with the content of 52% and 2% of a growth stage trace element additive ~ 4%;

the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage is applied in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of grape coloring, and comprises 65% ~ 70% of potassium nitrate, 4% ~ 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 13% ~ 14.6.6% of monopotassium phosphate, 4% ~ 6% of 52% of fully water-soluble potassium sulfate and 2% ~ 4% of trace element additive in the coloring stage in percentage by weight.

2. The special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes according to claim 1, wherein the growth stage trace element additive and the coloring stage trace element additive comprise, by weight, 0.6% ~ 0.8.8% of chelated manganese, 1% ~ 1.35.35% of chelated zinc, 0.5% ~ 0.8.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% ~ 0.02.02% of chelated copper, 0.4% ~ 0.6.6% of boron, and 0.012% ~ 0.015.015% of molybdenum.

3. The water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes according to claim 2, wherein the 15-10-30 stage growth fertilizer comprises the following nutrients in percentage by weight: 14 percent of urea, 48 percent of potassium nitrate, 17 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 15.5 percent of potassium sulfate with the content of 52 percent, 0.8 percent of chelated manganese, 1.35 percent of chelated zinc, 0.8 percent of chelated iron, 0.01 percent of chelated copper, 0.6 percent of boron and 0.015 percent of molybdenum.

4. The water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage comprises the following nutrients in percentage by weight: 70 percent of potassium nitrate, 5 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 14.6 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 6 percent of 52 percent of fully water-soluble potassium sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelated manganese, 1.35 percent of chelated zinc, 0.8 percent of chelated iron, 0.01 percent of chelated copper, 0.6 percent of boron and 0.015 percent of molybdenum.

5. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, preparing a 15-10-30 growth stage fertilizer:

(1.1) preparing a growth stage microelement additive; mixing multiple microelements and adjuvants to form microelement additive;

(1.2) weighing urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate according to a certain proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large stirrer, and stirring the materials uniformly;

(1.3) uniformly mixing the growth stage trace element additive with urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate for later use;

step two, preparing 10-10-40 coloring stage fertilizer;

(2.1) preparing a coloring stage trace element additive;

(2.2) weighing potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate in proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large stirrer, and stirring the materials uniformly;

(2.3) uniformly mixing the trace element additive in the coloring stage with urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate for later use;

step three, combined fertilizer preparation

And (3) formulating a fertilizer preparation scheme according to different grape varieties, and performing fertilizer preparation on the growth stage fertilizer in the first step and the coloring stage fertilizer in the second step in stages aiming at five stages of flowering, flowering and fruit setting, fruit swelling, coloring and topdressing after picking of the grapes, so as to form the combined special water-soluble fertilizer for the grapes applied in stages.

6. The preparation method of the water soluble fertilizer special for grapes according to claim 5, wherein the specific steps and parameters for preparing the fertilizer in the 15-10-30 growth stage in the first step are as follows:

(1.1) weighing 0.8% of chelated manganese, 1.35% of chelated zinc, 0.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% of chelated copper, 0.6% of boron and 0.015% of molybdenum according to a proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a small-sized stirrer, stirring the materials for about 30 minutes, and uniformly mixing the materials for later use;

(1.2) weighing 14% of urea, 48% of potassium nitrate, 17% of monoammonium phosphate and 15.5% of full-water-soluble potassium sulfate with the content of 52% according to the proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large-scale stirrer, and stirring the materials for about 30 minutes to uniformly mix the materials;

and (1.3) finally pouring the uniformly mixed spare trace elements into a large-scale stirrer to be stirred with the major elements for about 60 minutes until the trace elements are uniformly mixed.

7. The preparation method of the water soluble fertilizer special for grapes according to claim 5, wherein the specific steps and parameters for preparing the fertilizer at the 10-10-40 coloring stage in the second step are as follows:

(2.1) weighing 0.8% of chelated manganese, 1.35% of chelated zinc, 0.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% of chelated copper, 0.6% of boron and 0.015% of molybdenum according to the proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a small-sized stirrer, stirring the materials for about 30 minutes, and uniformly mixing the materials for later use;

(2.2) weighing 70% of potassium nitrate, 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 14.6% of monopotassium phosphate and 6% of full-water-soluble potassium sulfate with the content of 52% according to the proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large-scale stirrer, and stirring the materials for about 30 minutes to uniformly mix the materials;

and (2.3) finally pouring the uniformly mixed spare trace elements into a large-scale stirrer to be stirred with the major elements for about 60 minutes until the trace elements are uniformly mixed.

8. The application method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for the grapes is characterized in that the growth fertilizer in the 15-10-30 stage can be irrigated, spray-irrigated and drip-irrigated in four stages of flowering, flower falling, fruit setting, fruit swelling and fruit picking of the grapes, the application amount per mu is 2 ~ 5 kg, and the water adding concentration is adjusted according to actual needs and is more than 500 times;

the dilution factor can be increased during drought and reduced during rainy days.

9. The application method of the water soluble fertilizer special for grapes according to claim 8, wherein the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage can be irrigated, spray irrigated and drip irrigated in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of grape coloring, the application amount per mu is 2 ~ 5 kg, and the water adding concentration is adjusted according to actual needs and is more than 500 times.

10. The application method of the special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes according to claim 8, wherein the grape variety is red earth, kerrison, rose sunshine, summer black.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizer preparation and application, and particularly relates to a special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes and a preparation method and an application method thereof.

Background

In grape planting, to obtain higher planting income and value, on one hand, the yield and the growth speed of grapes need to be improved, and on the other hand, the variety of the grapes needs to be managed. Meanwhile, the yield, the growth speed and the grade of the grapes are closely related to the application of the fertilizer, the water-soluble fertilizer widely used for grape planting in the prior art mostly utilizes a water-fertilizer integration technology or drip irrigation, the application mode is single, the application range is narrow, and meanwhile, the water-soluble fertilizer in the prior art is deficient, so that the application in four stages of flowering, flower-falling and fruit-setting, fruit swelling and topdressing after fruit picking of the grapes can be met, and the special water-soluble fertilizer for controlling the grade of the grapes in the grape coloring stage can also be met.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the conventional organic fertilizer special for grapes, the invention provides the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes and the preparation and application methods thereof, by applying the water-soluble fertilizer in a combined stage manner, the application in four stages of flowering, withering, fruit setting, fruit swelling and topdressing after picking of the fruits of the grapes is met, the quality and the quality of the grapes in the coloring stage of the grapes can be ensured, the generation cost and the management difficulty are greatly reduced, and the economic benefit of farmers or plantation can be effectively improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes, which consists of a fertilizer in a growth stage of 15-10-30 and a fertilizer in a coloring stage of 10-10-40;

the growth fertilizer in the 15-10-30 stages is applied fertilizer for flowering, flowering and fruit setting of grapes, fruit expansion and fruit dressing after picking of grapes, and comprises, by weight, 13% of urea ~ 14%, 46% of potassium nitrate 46 ~ 48%, 16% of monoammonium phosphate ~ 17%, 14% of potassium sulfate ~ 16% with the content of 52% and 2% of trace element additive ~ 4% in the growth stage;

the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage is applied in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of grape coloring, and comprises 65% ~ 70% of potassium nitrate, 4% ~ 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 13% ~ 14.6.6% of monopotassium phosphate, 4% ~ 6% of 52% of fully water-soluble potassium sulfate and 2% ~ 4% of trace element additive in the coloring stage in percentage by weight.

Preferably, the special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes provided by the invention is further provided that the growth stage trace element additive and the coloring stage trace element additive comprise, by weight, 0.6% ~ 0.8.8% of chelated manganese, 1% ~ 1.35.35% of chelated zinc, 0.5% ~ 0.8.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% ~ 0.02.02% of chelated copper, 0.4% ~ 0.6.6% of boron, and 0.012% ~ 0.015.015% of molybdenum.

Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention is further set in such a way that the growth fertilizer in the 15-10-30 stage contains the following nutrients in percentage by weight: 14 percent of urea, 48 percent of potassium nitrate, 17 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 15.5 percent of potassium sulfate with the content of 52 percent, 0.8 percent of chelated manganese, 1.35 percent of chelated zinc, 0.8 percent of chelated iron, 0.01 percent of chelated copper, 0.6 percent of boron and 0.015 percent of molybdenum.

Preferably, the special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes provided by the invention is further set to contain the following nutrients in the fertilizer at the 10-10-40 coloring stage in percentage by weight: 70 percent of potassium nitrate, 5 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 14.6 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 6 percent of 52 percent of fully water-soluble potassium sulfate, 0.8 percent of chelated manganese, 1.35 percent of chelated zinc, 0.8 percent of chelated iron, 0.01 percent of chelated copper, 0.6 percent of boron and 0.015 percent of molybdenum.

The second technical scheme of the invention aims to provide a preparation method of the special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes, which comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing a 15-10-30 growth stage fertilizer:

(1.1) preparing a growth stage microelement additive; mixing multiple microelements and adjuvants to form microelement additive;

(1.2) weighing urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate according to a certain proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large stirrer, and stirring the materials uniformly;

(1.3) uniformly mixing the growth stage trace element additive with urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate for later use;

step two, preparing 10-10-40 coloring stage fertilizer;

(2.1) preparing a coloring stage trace element additive;

(2.2) weighing potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate in proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large stirrer, and stirring the materials uniformly;

(2.3) uniformly mixing the trace element additive in the coloring stage with urea, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and fully water-soluble potassium sulfate for later use;

step three, combined fertilizer preparation

And (3) formulating a fertilizer preparation scheme according to different grape varieties, and performing fertilizer preparation on the growth stage fertilizer in the first step and the coloring stage fertilizer in the second step in stages aiming at five stages of flowering, flowering and fruit setting, fruit swelling, coloring and topdressing after picking of the grapes, so as to form the combined special water-soluble fertilizer for the grapes applied in stages.

Preferably, the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention is further configured such that the specific steps and parameters for preparing the fertilizer in the 15-10-30 growth stage in the first step are as follows:

(1.1) weighing 0.8% of chelated manganese, 1.35% of chelated zinc, 0.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% of chelated copper, 0.6% of boron and 0.015% of molybdenum in proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a small-sized stirrer, stirring the materials for about 30 minutes, and uniformly mixing the materials for later use.

(1.2) weighing 14% of urea, 48% of potassium nitrate, 17% of monoammonium phosphate and 15.5% of full-water-soluble potassium sulfate with the content of 52% according to the proportion, pouring the mixture into a large-scale stirrer, and stirring the mixture for about 30 minutes to uniformly mix the mixture.

And (1.3) finally pouring the uniformly mixed spare trace elements into a large-scale stirrer to be stirred with the major elements for about 60 minutes until the trace elements are uniformly mixed.

Preferably, the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention is further configured such that the specific steps and parameters for preparing the fertilizer at the 10-10-40 coloring stage in the second step are as follows:

(2.1) weighing 0.8% of chelated manganese, 1.35% of chelated zinc, 0.8% of chelated iron, 0.01% of chelated copper, 0.6% of boron and 0.015% of molybdenum in proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a small-sized stirrer, stirring the materials for about 30 minutes, and uniformly mixing the materials for later use.

(2.2) weighing 70% of potassium nitrate, 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 14.6% of monopotassium phosphate and 6% of full water-soluble potassium sulfate with the content of 52% according to the proportion, pouring the weighed materials into a large-scale stirrer, and stirring the materials for about 30 minutes to uniformly mix the materials.

And (2.3) finally pouring the uniformly mixed spare trace elements into a large-scale stirrer to be stirred with the major elements for about 60 minutes until the trace elements are uniformly mixed.

The third technical scheme of the invention aims to provide an application method of the special water-soluble fertilizer for the grapes, the growth fertilizer in the 15-10-30 stages can be irrigated, spray irrigated and drip-irrigated in four stages of flowering, withering, fruit setting, fruit expanding and fruit topdressing after picking of the grapes, the application amount per mu is 2 ~ 5 kg, the water adding concentration is adjusted according to actual needs and needs to be more than 500 times, the dilution times can be increased in drought, and the dilution times can be reduced in rainy days.

Preferably, the application method of the special water-soluble fertilizer for grapes provided by the invention is further set to be that the fertilizer in the 10-10-40 coloring stage can be irrigated, spray-irrigated and drip-irrigated in the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of grape coloring, the application amount per mu is 2 ~ 5 kg, the water adding concentration is adjusted according to actual needs and needs to be more than 500 times, the dilution factor can be increased in drought, and the dilution factor can be reduced in rainy days.

Preferably, the method for applying the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes is further set to be that the grape varieties are red earth, kerrison, sun rose and summer black.

Advantageous effects

The water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes and the preparation and application methods thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:

1. the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention is applied in a combined stage, so that the yield of the grapes can be guaranteed, the growth of the grapes is accelerated, the appearance and the quality of the grapes can be guaranteed in a coloring stage, and the economic benefit of grape planting is greatly improved.

2. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes, provided by the invention, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively reduce the production cost of the water-soluble fertilizer, and is beneficial to application and popularization of the water-soluble fertilizer.

3. The application method of the water soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention can be used for irrigating, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation, has good application universality, and can meet the characteristics of wide breadth of China and uneven production technology.

4. According to the water soluble fertilizer special for grapes, provided by the invention, by adding various chelated trace elements, the quality of the grapes can be improved, the grapes are delicious and fresh in taste, the grape quality is better, and the growth and coloring of the grapes can be promoted.

5. The water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes provided by the invention has a good application effect on red earth, Kerison, sunshine rose and summer black of grape varieties, particularly has the highest yield and quality improvement, the best coloring effect and the best quality in summer black varieties planted in grape greenhouses in Zhejiang areas, and can obtain the best application effect by applying the water-soluble fertilizer special for grapes.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.