阅读说明：本技术 用于致冷设备系统中的节能冷冻水和冷凝器水温度重置的协调映射图 (Coordinated maps for economized chilled water and condenser water temperature reset in refrigeration equipment systems ) 是由 K.姜 L.杨 X.吴 S.李 于 2018-07-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：实施方案包括用于生成用于致冷设备系统中的节能冷冻水和冷凝器水温度重置的协调映射图的系统和方法。实施方案包括：控制器,该控制器被配置为控制和设定致冷器系统的一个或多个参数的阈值,其中致冷器系统包括一个或多个冷却塔、一个或多个泵以及一个或多个水致冷器；可操作地联接到控制器的一个或多个传感器,其中该一个或多个传感器被配置为测量一个或多个参数的值。实施方案还包括联接到控制器的处理器,其中处理器被配置为：基于该一个或多个参数的测量值和阈值生成协调映射图；基于协调映射图为致冷器系统配置操作设定值；以及至少部分地基于所配置的操作设定值控制致冷器系统。(Embodiments include systems and methods for generating a coordination map for economized chilled water and condenser water temperature resets in a refrigeration appliance system. The embodiment comprises the following steps: a controller configured to control and set thresholds for one or more parameters of a chiller system, wherein the chiller system comprises one or more cooling towers, one or more pumps, and one or more water chillers; one or more sensors operably coupled to the controller, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to measure values of one or more parameters. Embodiments further include a processor coupled to the controller, wherein the processor is configured to: generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters and the threshold values; configuring operational setpoints for the chiller system based on the coordination map; and controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured operating setpoint.)

1. A chiller system, comprising:

a controller configured to control and set thresholds for one or more parameters of the chiller system, wherein the chiller system comprises one or more cooling towers, one or more pumps, and one or more water chillers;

one or more sensors operably coupled to the controller, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to measure values of one or more parameters; and

a processor coupled to the controller, wherein the processor is configured to: generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters and the threshold values; configuring operational setpoints for the chiller system based on the coordination map; and controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured operating setpoints.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operational setpoint is at least one of a chilled water supply temperature setpoint or a condenser water supply temperature setpoint.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the thresholds comprise a highest chilled water supply temperature and a lowest chilled water supply temperature.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the threshold comprises a highest condenser water temperature and a lowest condenser water temperature.

5. The system of claim 1, the controller operably coupled to the one or more sensors to receive feedback indicative of at least one of a plurality of cooling requests from an end actuator, and the controller configured to adaptively adjust the set point and coordinate a map based on the feedback.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor configured to generate the coordination map comprises:

determining a load of the chiller system;

determining a chiller water temperature; and

generating the coordination map based at least in part on the load and the refrigerator water temperature.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor configured to generate the coordination map comprises:

determining the temperature of an environmental wet bulb;

determining a condenser water temperature; and

generating the coordination map based at least in part on the wet bulb temperature and the condenser water temperature.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the wet bulb temperature is determined using temperature and humidity sensors.

9. A method for generating a coordination map for energy efficient refrigerator water and condenser water temperature resets in a refrigeration appliance system, the method comprising:

setting a threshold value for one or more parameters of the chiller system;

monitoring a first set of sensors of the chiller system, the first set of sensors measuring values of the one or more parameters; and

generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters;

configuring operational setpoints for the chiller system based on the coordination map; and

controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured operating setpoints.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the operational setpoint is at least one of a chilled water supply temperature setpoint or a condenser water supply temperature setpoint.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold values include a highest chilled water supply temperature and a lowest chilled water supply temperature.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold comprises a highest condenser water temperature and a lowest condenser water temperature.

13. The method of claim 9, further comprising adaptively adjusting the set point based on feedback, wherein the feedback is based at least in part on at least one of a plurality of cooling requests from an end-point actuator.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the coordination map comprises:

determining a load of the chiller system;

determining the temperature of the chilled water; and

generating the coordination map based at least in part on the load and the chilled water temperature.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the coordination map comprises:

determining the temperature of an environmental wet bulb;

determining a condenser water temperature; and

generating the coordination map based at least in part on the wet bulb temperature and the condenser water temperature.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the wet bulb temperature is determined using temperature and humidity sensors.

Disclosure of Invention

According to one embodiment, a system for generating a coordinated map for economized chilled water and condenser water temperature reset in a refrigeration appliance system is shown. The system comprises: a controller configured to control and set thresholds for one or more parameters of a chiller system, wherein the chiller system comprises one or more cooling towers, one or more pumps, and a water chiller; one or more sensors operably coupled to the controller, wherein the one or more sensors are configured to measure values of one or more parameters. The system also includes a processor coupled to the controller, wherein the processor is configured to: generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters and the threshold values; configuring operational setpoints for the chiller system based on the coordination map; and controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured operating setpoint.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include an operating setpoint that is at least one of a chilled water supply temperature setpoint or a condenser water supply temperature setpoint.

In addition to one or more of the features described above, or in the alternative, further embodiments may include thresholds including a maximum chilled water supply temperature and a minimum chilled water supply temperature.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include thresholds including a highest condenser water temperature and a lowest condenser water temperature.

In addition, or in the alternative, to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include a controller operably coupled to one or more sensors to receive feedback indicative of at least one of a plurality of cooling requests from a terminal actuator state (such as a water valve position, a damper position, or a fan speed in an air-water terminal), and the controller configured to adaptively adjust the setpoint based on the feedback.

In addition, or alternatively, to one or more features described above, further embodiments may include: generating the coordination map includes determining a load of the chiller system, determining a chiller water temperature, and generating the coordination map based at least in part on the load and the chilled water temperature.

In addition, or alternatively, to one or more features described above, further embodiments may include: generating the coordination map includes determining an ambient wet bulb temperature, determining a condenser water temperature, and generating the coordination map based at least in part on the wet bulb temperature and the condenser water temperature.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include a wet bulb temperature that is determined using a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

According to one embodiment, a method for generating a coordinated map for economized chilled water and condenser water temperature reset in a refrigeration appliance system is provided. The method comprises the following steps: setting a threshold value for one or more parameters of the chiller system; monitoring a first set of sensors of the chiller system, the first set of sensors measuring values of the one or more parameters; and generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters. The method further comprises the following steps: configuring an operating setpoint for the chiller system based on the coordination map, and controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured operating setpoint.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include an operating setpoint that is at least one of a chilled water supply temperature setpoint or a condenser water supply temperature setpoint.

In addition to one or more of the features described above, or in the alternative, further embodiments may include thresholds including a maximum chilled water supply temperature and a minimum chilled water supply temperature.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include thresholds including a highest condenser water temperature and a lowest condenser water temperature.

In addition, or alternatively, to one or more features described above, further embodiments may include: the setpoint and coordination map are adaptively adjusted based on feedback based on at least one of a plurality of cooling requests from a terminal actuator state, such as a water valve position, a damper position, or a fan speed in an air-water terminal.

In addition, or alternatively, to one or more features described above, further embodiments may include: generating the coordination map includes determining a load of the chiller system, determining a chiller water temperature, and generating the coordination map based at least in part on the load and the chilled water temperature.

In addition, or alternatively, to one or more features described above, further embodiments may include: generating the coordination map includes determining an ambient wet bulb temperature, determining a condenser water temperature, and generating the coordination map based at least in part on the wet bulb temperature and the condenser water temperature.

In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features described above, further embodiments may include using a wet bulb temperature that is determined using a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

Drawings

The following description should not be considered limiting in any way. Referring to the drawings, like elements are numbered alike:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of a chiller system according to one or more embodiments;

fig. 2 depicts another perspective view of a chiller system in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 3 depicts a chilled water supply temperature map in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 4 depicts a condenser water supply temperature map in accordance with one or more embodiments;

fig. 5 depicts a flow diagram of a method for generating a coordination map for energy efficient refrigerator water and condenser water temperature resets in a refrigeration appliance system in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Detailed Description

In today's environment, water chiller systems are used to manage the cooling temperature of one or more zones of a building. By controlling the state of the terminal actuator (such as the valve opening) in response to the cooling demand from one or more zones, the chilled water flow rate supplied to the air-water terminal may be adapted to achieve the desired temperature in the zone. Other techniques may include adapting the air supplied by the air-water terminals located in one or more zones by controlling the terminal actuator state (such as damper opening or fan speed). Control of the chilled water temperature supplied to the air-water terminal from the chiller may also help meet cooling demands in the zone. In view of the fact that increased chilled water supply temperature may increase the efficiency of the chiller in energy savings, trimming and response algorithms have been used in commercial HVAC systems and refrigeration equipment to adjust the chiller chilled water supply temperature setpoint based on cooling requests.

However, upon receiving a cooling request from one or more zones, there may be a delay between lowering the temperature in the respective zones, resulting in occupant discomfort. Furthermore, to reduce the energy consumption of the water chiller system, complex algorithms and/or significant tuning effort are required to manage the set points configured for each zone.

The techniques described herein reduce the computation of complex real-time based control optimization algorithms by correlating the operation of chilled water systems with increasingly complex algorithms, resulting in less tuning effort required in terms of payload configuration. The technique utilizes a relationship between the water side load and the chilled water supply temperature setpoint. The technology also utilizes the relationship between the ambient wet bulb temperature and the condenser water temperature setpoint to manage cooling of the building. The techniques achieve performance similar to complex control algorithms without the added computations performed by those systems.

Fig. 1 depicts a chiller system 10 according to one or more embodiments. The chiller system 10 is a screw chiller, but embodiments are suitable for use with other compression chiller assemblies, such as, for example, centrifugal chillers. As shown in fig. 1, the chiller system 10 includes a compressor 12, a variable frequency drive 14, a condenser 16, and a cooler 18. It should be understood that the techniques described herein may be applied to other types of chiller systems, such as, for example, fixed-rpm chillers and not limited to variable-rpm chillers.

In operation, gaseous refrigerant is introduced into the compressor 12 and compressed. The compressor 12 is driven by a motor under the control of a variable frequency drive 14. The variable frequency drive 14 controls the frequency of Alternating Current (AC) supplied to the motor, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the motor and the output of the compressor 12. After the refrigerant is compressed, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas is supplied to the condenser 16. In the condenser 16, the gaseous refrigerant condenses into a liquid state as it gives off heat. The condensed liquid refrigerant then flows into a chiller, which 18 circulates the chiller water. The low pressure environment in the chiller 18 causes the refrigerant to change to a gaseous state and, thus, it absorbs the required heat of vaporization from the chiller water, thereby lowering the temperature of the water. The low pressure vapor is then drawn into the inlet of the compressor 12 and the cycle continues to repeat. The chiller water is circulated through a distribution system to cool the coils for comfort air conditioning, for example.

Referring to fig. 2, a chiller system 200 is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the chiller system 200 includes the chiller 10 shown in fig. 1. Fig. 2 depicts a controller 202, the controller 202 including a processor 204 and being operably coupled to the refrigerator 10 and other components in the system 200. The controller 202 is configured to control various processes of the system 200 including set points, valves, motors, pumps, and the like. The chiller 10 is connected to a load 206, the load 206 including one or more air-water terminals that use chiller water to cool different zones of the load. The actuator 230 at the load in the air-water terminal is controlled based on the comfort feedback in the load 206 by using, for example, a water valve configured to control the flow rate of water from the refrigerator 10 to the coil, a fan, or a damper configured to control the air flow rate from the air-water terminal to the load. The controller 202 is configured to detect the position of the actuator 230 using one or more sensors (not shown).

As the water leaves the load 206, one or more chilled water pumps 208 are used to pump the water back into the refrigerator 10. The flow rate of water into the refrigerator 10 may be controlled by a valve 210. The temperature of the water input into the refrigerator 10 may be measured by the sensor 212 and the output temperature may be measured by the sensor 214. Although only one pair of sensors is shown, a plurality of sensors 212 and 214 may be coupled to the inlet and outlet of each refrigerator 10, respectively.

The condenser 16 is configured to remove heat from water used to provide cooling at the load 206. After leaving the refrigerator 10, the water is sent to a cooling tower 222 to remove heat. The flow rate of water to the cooling tower 222 may be controlled by a valve 220. After exiting the cooling tower 222, the water enters the condenser pump 226 and is pumped back to the chiller 10. The condenser water temperature may be measured at the outlet of the cooling tower 222 by a sensor 224. Each outlet of the cooling tower 222 may include a separate sensor to communicate the condenser inlet water temperature to the controller 202. Further, the controller 202 is configured to receive the wet bulb air temperature using the sensor 240. In other embodiments, the wet bulb air temperature may be calculated using a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor (not shown, but may be incorporated into sensor 240). In another embodiment, the wet bulb temperature may be received from another system over a network, rather than using a local sensor to determine the wet bulb temperature.

The processor 204 is configured to receive data to generate a coordination map in accordance with one or more embodiments. Temperature measurements, set point data, load information, cooling requests, etc. are used to approximate a map to obtain efficient refrigerator performance as discussed below.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a chilled water supply temperature setpoint map 300 is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. As shown in the graph 300, the x-axis provides a Part Load Rate (PLR) that indicates the proportion of the cooling capacity provided by the chiller system 200 relative to its maximum capacity. The y-axis of the map 300 shows the temperature of the refrigerator water setpoint (CHWST) of the refrigerator 10. The maximum temperature (Max _ temp) and the minimum temperature (Min _ temp) may be defined by specifications for the chiller system 200. In other embodiments, the maximum and minimum temperatures may be configured by an operator. It should be noted that fig. 3 is a non-limiting example, where 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 at the x-axis may be selected to be different values.

The PLR of map 300 is used to determine the proportion of cooling capacity at which the chiller system 200 is operating. PLR is the ratio: where a ratio equal to 1 indicates that the chiller system 200 is operating at maximum capacity with an increased amount of cooling requested by the load. But a PLR ratio of 0.25 indicates that the chiller system 200 is operating at 25% of its maximum capacity. In response to measuring the temperature of the water in the water circuit of the chiller system 200, an indication of how much cooling is requested for the building area may be determined.

When the PLR indicates a lower load, such as 0.25, the chilled water temperature can be run at a higher temperature without sacrificing occupant comfort, as the end actuator has the ability to compensate for the effect. Thus, a higher chilled water supply temperature may be set for a lower load. On the other hand, if the PLR indicates a higher load, such as 0.75, the chilled water supply temperature may be reduced to a lower temperature to avoid end actuator saturation to achieve the desired cooling. Thus, a lower chilled water supply temperature set point may be set for a higher load. In one or more embodiments, the curve between the highest chilled water supply temperature at point 302 and the lowest chilled water supply temperature at point 304 may be approximated, which reduces the amount of complex calculations while achieving similar performance as an optimized control system.

PLR can be calculated by equation 1 provided below:

PLR-refrigerator capacity/rated refrigerator capacity (equation 1)

Wherein the chiller capacity is the total cooling capacity provided by the chiller system 200; and the rated chiller capacity is the total rated cooling capacity that the chiller system 200 can provide at maximum operation. In other embodiments, a system having more than one chiller, the chiller capacity is the total cooling capacity provided by all chillers, and the rated chiller capacity is the sum of the rated capacities of all chillers.

In the case where a chilled water flow sensor of a chiller is available, the chiller capacity may be calculated according to equation 2 below:

refrigerator capacity-chilled water flow cp (T)_{Input device}-T_{Output of}) (equation 2)

Wherein T is_{Input device}Is the temperature of the chilled water input into the chiller; t is_{Output of}Is the temperature of the chilled water output by the chiller; chilled water flow is the mass flow rate of chilled water to the end building; and cp is the specific heat capacity of water. In other embodiments, a system having more than one chiller, the chilled water flow is the total chilled water flow into all of the chillers.

In different cases where a chilled water flow sensor is not available, the chiller capacity may be estimated using available refrigerant circuit variables measured from a chiller local controller performing chiller operation according to the equations shown below based on the cooling capacity estimation for each running chiller.

First, the refrigerant flow rate through the compressor can be estimated using equation 3 below:

IP×η_{motor with a stator having a stator core}＝q_m×(h₂-h₁) (equation 3)

Where IP is the input power of the motor measured from the motor coupled to the refrigerator using current and voltage, or power can be measured directly with a power meter; eta_{Motor with a stator having a stator core}Is the motor efficiency provided by the manufacturer; q. q.s_mIs the refrigerant flow rate; h is₂Is the compressor outlet enthalpy; h is₁Is the compressor inlet enthalpy.

Next, the refrigerator capacity is estimated by equations 4 and 5 below:

q₀＝q_m×(h₁-h₅) (equation 4)

Q＝q₀-IP×(1-η_{Motor with a stator having a stator core}) (equation 5)

Wherein q is_mIs the refrigerant flow rate; h is₁Is the evaporator outlet enthalpy; h is₅Is the evaporator inlet enthalpy; input power to the IP-motor; q-refrigerator capacity.

Finally, the total cooling capacity provided by the chiller system is estimated based on equation 6 below:

refrigerator capacity-the sum of Q for all running refrigerators (equation 6)

As the water chiller system 200 operates over time and the load changes, PLR data is collected and used to calculate a chilled water supply temperature setpoint based on the map 300 to be provided to a controller (not shown) local to the chiller 10.

In other embodiments, data including PLR and chilled water supply temperature is collected and used to approximate the curve shown in fig. 3. The curve shown in fig. 3, which correlates the chilled water supply temperature setpoint with the PLR used to operate the chiller to achieve the desired comfort performance in the building, is known over time. When determining the curve shown in fig. 3, the map has one or more adjustable beta points that correspond to one or more chilled water supply temperature set points in one or more fixed intermediate PLRs. In other embodiments, the beta point corresponds to the chilled water supply temperature set point at the currently measured PLR. If it is determined based on feedback from the load that the current chilled water temperature setpoint according to the current map does not achieve the desired comfort performance in the building, the approximate curve through one or more beta points may be adaptively modified.

For example, the feedback may include information regarding the position of the actuator 230 that controls the flow of chilled water or the flow of air through the air-water terminal. The position of the actuator 230 correlates to the cooling capacity of the building, where the feedback may indicate that the chilled water supply temperature is too high and cannot meet the cooling needs of the load, or the feedback may indicate that it is possible to increase the chilled water supply temperature to increase the chiller efficiency while still being able to meet the cooling needs of the load. If the position of the actuator 230 is 100% open, it indicates that the desired temperature in the zone may not be achieved and the refrigerator needs to deliver a lower chilled water temperature. On the other hand, if the position of the actuator 230 is partially open, such as 25%, this indicates that the end actuator has the ability to increase its position if the chilled water temperature increases.

If the cooling requirements of the load are not met, the chilled water supply temperature set point at one or more points β may be modified (decreased) to decrease the temperature of the chilled water supply that increases the cooling capacity of the system. In a non-limiting example, the modification is based on determining the performance of the refrigerator by comparing a set point with actual operating temperatures and conditions. The one or more points β may be adapted by a configurable increment value, and the performance of the chiller system may be periodically checked to automatically adapt the one or more points β. Other types of feedback may be utilized to adapt the curve approximated by one or more points β, which may include cooling requests received from the actuator state. In one or more embodiments, performance data of the chiller system, such as feedback comparing the setpoint temperature to the actual chilled water supply temperature or condenser water supply temperature, may be received in real time during chiller operation and may be used to adjust one or more points β shown in map 300.

Referring now to fig. 4, a condenser water supply temperature set point map 400 is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments. The x-axis provides the ambient wet bulb air temperature (OAT _ wb) and the y-axis provides the approach temperature (Tapp), which is the difference between the negative condenser temperature setpoint and the ambient wet bulb air temperature (OAT _ wb). In one or more embodiments, the approach temperature is a function of the ambient wet bulb temperature.

The maximum approach temperature (Max Tapp) correlates to the minimum ambient wet bulb temperature (Min OAT _ wb). The lower the ambient wet bulb temperature, the higher the condenser water supply temperature may be to achieve the desired cooling effect while minimizing the energy of the overall chiller system 200, including the chiller, pumps, and cooling tower fans. On the other hand, when the ambient wet bulb temperature is at the maximum temperature (Max OAT wb), the approach temperature should be set to the lowest allowed temperature (Min Tapp) to minimize the energy of the refrigerator system 200. The lowest ambient wet bulb temperature and the highest ambient wet bulb temperature may be observed for a period of time and used to approximate the curve that exceeds points 402 and 404. The time period is a configurable time period and may vary from hours to months to years. The curve between these two points is approximate and used to adjust the condenser water supply temperature set point accordingly.

In one or more embodiments, safe chiller operation is achieved by setting limits, where the condenser water supply temperature is limited by (CWST) CWST _ stpt ≧ Min CWST _ stpt and (CWST _ stpt) ≧ Minlift.

The Max Tapp is based on the ratio of the rated (cooling tower) CT to the refrigerator power. Min CWST _ stpt is the minimum allowed condenser water supply temperature determined by the chiller specification. Min lift is the value required to avoid any operational problems associated with oil return in the chiller. After the condenser water supply temperature setpoint is reached, the chilled water system 200 is operated to adjust the condenser water supply temperature by controlling cooling tower operation.

In one or more embodiments, the chilled water supply temperature and the condenser water supply temperature setpoint are configured to operate the chiller system 200 independently of each other. In various embodiments, one setting may have a given priority over another setting, and vice versa.

Referring now to fig. 5, a method 500 for generating a coordination map in accordance with one or more embodiments is illustrated.

The method 500 may be implemented in the systems of fig. 1 and 2 or other chiller configurations. The method 500 begins at block 502 and continues to block 504, where provided at block 504 is setting thresholds for one or more parameters of the chiller system. The parameters may include chilled water supply temperature, condenser water supply temperature, ambient wet bulb temperature, load information, and the like. The threshold values for the parameters may include a maximum limit and a minimum limit for the chilled water supply temperature. Further, other thresholds for the parameters may also be used to operate the chiller system. The threshold may be determined by the specifications of the chiller system.

The method 500 proceeds to block 506 and includes monitoring a set of sensors of the chiller system that measure values of one or more parameters. The sensors may include flow meters, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, etc. to collect data to perform the approximation for configuring the set point.

At block 508, the method 500 provides for generating a coordination map based on the measured values of the one or more parameters and the threshold values. The generation maps shown in fig. 3 and 4 are generated using the highest threshold limit and the lowest threshold limit and monitoring the performance of the system over a period of time to approximate the behavior of the chiller system between the highest threshold limit and the lowest threshold limit.

The method 500 provides for configuring setpoints for a chiller system based on a coordination map at block 510. In one embodiment, the setpoint is a chilled water supply temperature setpoint. In another embodiment, the setpoint is a condenser water supply temperature setpoint. The set point may be selected from the approximate curve of the coordination map based on the desired performance. In response to configuring the setpoint, block 512 provides for controlling the chiller system based at least in part on the configured setpoint. The chiller system adjusts the temperature of the respective zones according to the set point selected from the coordination map. The method 500 ends at block 514. It should be appreciated that the method 500 may be repeated to update the set point according to the current conditions.

These techniques result in reduced energy consumption and replace the traditional trim and response algorithms with the output chiller water and condenser water temperature setpoints. Additionally, while conserving resources, a reduction in the delay to reach the desired temperature of the respective zone may be achieved, resulting in increased occupant comfort.

Without tuning the cooling request, the technical effects and benefits achieve those same energy performance benefits of the trim and response algorithms. The configurations and techniques provide energy savings and operational scalability. The potential to maximize scalability is due to the minimal equipment knowledge required, as the complex algorithms are reduced by achieving comfort and energy savings of a tightly controlled complex control-based system through an approximate optimal setting. This results in a reduction in time and effort in deployment.

A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and methods is presented herein by way of example and not limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The term "about" is intended to include the degree of error associated with a particular number of measurements based on equipment available at the time of filing the application.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.

While the disclosure has been described with reference to one or more exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.