阅读说明：本技术 一种用于水下无人潜器的核电源系统 (Nuclear power supply system for underwater unmanned submersible vehicle ) 是由 夏庚磊 张元东 杜雪 彭敏俊 朱海山 王航 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种用于水下无人潜器的核电源系统,其能够提高反应堆的固有安全性和无人自主控制能力。该系统包括堆芯、高温热管、碱金属热电转换装置、中温热管、蓄电池和耐压壳体；所述高温热管的蒸发段插入堆芯内部,高温热管的冷凝段插入碱金属热电转换装置内部,所述碱金属热电转换装置包括多组热电转换模块,每一个热电转换模块的加热端均与高温热管相连,热电转换模块的冷凝端与中温热管相连；所述中温热管的冷凝段与耐压壳体相连,将废热传导进周围的海水中；所述碱金属热电转换装置还连接有蓄电池,碱金属热电转换装置将热能转换为电能,并将电能存储在所述蓄电池内部。(The invention provides a nuclear power supply system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle, which can improve the inherent safety and unmanned autonomous control capability of a reactor. The system comprises a reactor core, a high-temperature heat pipe, an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device, a medium-temperature heat pipe, a storage battery and a pressure-resistant shell; the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is inserted into the reactor core, the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is inserted into the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device, the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device comprises a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules, the heating end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the high-temperature heat pipe, and the condensation end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the medium-temperature heat pipe; the condensing section of the medium temperature heat pipe is connected with the pressure-resistant shell, and waste heat is conducted into the surrounding seawater; the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device is also connected with a storage battery, converts heat energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery.)

1. A nuclear power supply system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle is characterized by comprising a reactor core (1), a high-temperature heat pipe (2), an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device (3), a medium-temperature heat pipe (4), a storage battery (5) and a pressure-resistant shell (6);

the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (2) is inserted into the reactor core (1), the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe (2) is inserted into the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device (3), the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device (3) comprises a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules, the heating end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the high-temperature heat pipe (2), and the condensation end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the medium-temperature heat pipe (4);

the condensing section of the medium temperature heat pipe (4) is connected with the pressure-resistant shell (6) to conduct waste heat into the surrounding seawater;

the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device (3) is further connected with a storage battery (5), and the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device (3) converts heat energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery (5).

2. The nuclear power system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core (1) is a fast neutron reactor, and the inside of the reactor is uranium nitride with an enrichment of 19.5% of nuclear fuel.

3. A nuclear power supply system for an underwater vehicle as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said core (1) is composed of fuel rods (7) and a metal matrix (8), said core (1) being surrounded by a reflecting layer (9) and a shielding layer (10).

4. A nuclear power supply system for an underwater vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the working fluid in the high temperature heat pipe (2) is sodium.

5. A nuclear power supply system for an underwater vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the working medium in the medium temperature heat pipe (4) is potassium.

6. A nuclear power supply system for an underwater vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the external surface of the pressure casing (6) is finned.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering, in particular to a nuclear power supply system which runs in a passive mode and is suitable for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle.

Background

China has abundant ocean resources, but as the ocean strategy of China gradually goes from shallow sea to deep sea, the shortage of energy supply becomes the main technical bottleneck of deep sea equipment development.

The nuclear reactor has high power density, does not need to consume oxygen, can automatically work all the day long, becomes a priority of deep sea equipment power, and particularly has incomparable advantages for infrastructure needing long-term energy supply, such as a deep sea monitoring station, a manned deep submersible vehicle, a seabed drilling platform and the like.

At present, different small-sized reactor schemes are proposed at home and abroad aiming at space application, including a metal cooling reactor, a heat pipe cooling reactor and the like, but a small-sized nuclear power supply system aiming at an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle is not provided. And the performance of the reactor under the deep sea complex environment is greatly different from that of the reactor used on land and in deep space, mainly due to the influence of the gravity state, the condensation condition, the small pile heat energy output condition and the like of the deep sea environment.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a nuclear power supply system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle, which can improve the inherent safety and the unmanned autonomous control capability of a reactor.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a nuclear power supply system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle comprises a reactor core, a high-temperature heat pipe, an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device, a medium-temperature heat pipe, a storage battery and a pressure-resistant shell;

the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is inserted into the reactor core, the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is inserted into the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device, the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device comprises a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules, the heating end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the high-temperature heat pipe, and the condensation end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the medium-temperature heat pipe;

the condensing section of the medium temperature heat pipe is connected with the pressure-resistant shell, and waste heat is conducted into the surrounding seawater;

the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device is also connected with a storage battery, converts heat energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery.

In a preferred embodiment, the reactor core is a fast neutron reactor, and uranium nitride with the enrichment degree of 19.5% of nuclear fuel is adopted in the reactor core.

In a preferred embodiment, the core is composed of fuel rods and a metal matrix, and the core is surrounded by a reflecting layer and a shielding layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the working medium in the high-temperature heat pipe is sodium.

In a preferred embodiment, the working medium in the medium-temperature heat pipe is potassium.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure casing has fins on its outer surface.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the reactor, the energy conversion system and the waste heat discharge system of the technical scheme adopt passive operation modes, and the whole system does not have rotating parts such as pumps, valves and the like, so that the inherent safety of the reactor is improved, and the realization of unmanned autonomous control of the reactor is facilitated.

2. According to the technical scheme, waste heat discharge of the wall surface of the pressure shell is utilized, a heat exchanger communicated with seawater is not required to be arranged, corrosion of the seawater to a heat transfer pipe of the heat exchanger is avoided, all relevant parts of the reactor are sealed inside the pressure shell, and the operation of the reactor is not influenced by submergence depth.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-reactor core, 2-high temperature heat pipe; 3-an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device; 4-medium temperature heat pipe; 5-a storage battery; 6-pressure shell; 7-fuel rods; 8-a metal matrix; 9-a reflective layer; 10-shielding layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of a nuclear power supply system for an underwater unmanned submersible vehicle according to the present invention includes a core 1, a high temperature heat pipe 2, an alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device 3, a medium temperature heat pipe 4, a storage battery 5, and a pressure-resistant casing 6. The reactor core 1 is composed of fuel rods 7 and a metal matrix 8, the reactor core 1 is a fast neutron reactor, uranium nitride with the enrichment degree of nuclear fuel of 19.5% is adopted in the reactor core 1, and a reflecting layer 9 and a shielding layer 10 are coated on the periphery of the reactor core 1. The working medium in the high-temperature heat pipe 2 is sodium, and the working medium in the medium-temperature heat pipe 4 is potassium.

The evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 2 is inserted into the core 1, and the condensation section of the high-temperature heat pipe 2 is inserted into the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device 3. The alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device 3 comprises a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules, the heating end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the high-temperature heat pipe 2, the condensing end of each thermoelectric conversion module is connected with the medium-temperature heat pipe 4, and two-phase natural circulation flow of an alkali metal working medium is formed based on the temperature difference between the heating end and the condensing end.

The condensing section of the medium temperature heat pipe 4 is connected with the pressure-resistant shell 6, waste heat can be conducted into the surrounding seawater, and in order to accelerate heat transfer, a plurality of fins are arranged on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant shell 6; the base isThe metal thermoelectric conversion device 3 is also connected to a battery 5, and the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device 3 utilizes the inside β ″ -Al₂O₃The selectivity of the solid electrolyte material for electrons generates an electric potential by the principle, converts thermal energy into electric energy, and stores the electric energy inside the secondary battery 5.

The nuclear power supply system for the underwater unmanned submersible vehicle completely adopts a passive operation mode, has high inherent safety, and can provide hundreds of kilowatt-level electric power for the underwater unmanned submersible vehicle.

The principle of the nuclear power supply is as follows: the nuclear fission reaction of the fuel rods 7 in the core 1 generates heat, and the temperature of the core 1 rises. The high-temperature heat pipe 2 transfers heat of the core 1 to the heating end of the alkali metal thermoelectric conversion device 3. The alkali metal in the inner part is heated to be changed into steam, and the steam flows through the beta' -Al₂O₃The solid electrolyte forms a potential difference, and the thermal energy is converted into electric energy and stored in the storage battery 5. The alkali metal vapor condenses at the condensation end of the thermoelectric conversion device 3, and the liquid reflows to the heating end under the capillary attraction of the wick. The heat of the condensation end is transferred to the wall surface of the pressure shell 6 by the medium-temperature heat pipe 4, and the waste heat is finally transferred to the surrounding sea environment.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.