阅读说明：本技术 励磁绕组和独立电力绕组组成的双绕组同步磁阻机 (Double-winding synchronous reluctance machine composed of excitation winding and independent power winding ) 是由 达维德·朗杰托 于 2018-05-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供一种包括定子(140)和转子(150)的旋转场机器(200)。特别地,可以提供双绕组旋转场机器(200),其中定子(140)包括两个独立的绕组。在一个示例性实施方式中,定子(140)可包括构造成控制励磁电流的励磁绕组(220)和构造成控制到电气系统的电力流的电力绕组(230)。双绕组旋转场机器(200)还可包括启动模式和发电模式。在启动模式期间,励磁绕组(220)和电力绕组(230)都可以联接到一个或多个开关电力转换器(170)。在发电模式期间,电力绕组(230)可以联接到可变频率总线,并且电力转换器(170)可以用于仅管理励磁电力。(A rotating field machine (200) is provided that includes a stator (140) and a rotor (150). In particular, a dual winding rotating field machine (200) may be provided in which the stator (140) includes two independent windings. In an exemplary embodiment, the stator (140) may include a field winding (220) configured to control a field current and a power winding (230) configured to control a power flow to the electrical system. The dual winding rotating field machine (200) may also include a start-up mode and a generate mode. During the start-up mode, both the field winding (220) and the power winding (230) may be coupled to one or more switching power converters (170). During the generating mode, the power winding (230) may be coupled to the variable frequency bus, and the power converter (170) may be used to manage only the excitation power.)

1. A rotating field machine (200), characterized in that the rotating field machine (200) comprises:

a stator (140);

a rotor (150), the rotor (150) mounted for rotation relative to the stator (140), wherein the stator (140) comprises:

a first winding, the first winding being an excitation winding (220), the excitation winding (220) being configured to receive an excitation current; and

a second winding, wherein the second winding is a power winding (230), the power winding (230) configured to accommodate a flow of power through the rotating field machine (200).

2. The rotating field machine (200) of claim 1, wherein the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) are located in the stator (140) such that the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other.

3. The rotating field machine (200) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the excitation winding (220) is associated with a d-axis current and the power winding (230) is associated with a q-axis current of the rotating field machine (200).

4. The rotating field machine (200) of any of the preceding claims, wherein during a start-up mode, both the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) are coupled to one or more power converters (170).

5. The rotating field machine (200) of claim 4, wherein the power winding (230) is coupled to a DC bus via a bridge rectifier (160).

6. The rotating field machine (200) of claim 4, wherein during a generating mode, the power winding (230) is coupled to a variable frequency constant voltage bus.

7. The rotating field machine (200) of claim 5, wherein the control device (210) is configured to control the power converter (170) to manage an excitation current flowing in the excitation winding (220) to control the power generated in the power winding (230).

8. A control system for operating a rotating field machine (200), the field machine comprising a stator (140) and a rotor (150), the rotor (150) mounted for rotation relative to the stator (140), the stator (140) comprising an excitation winding (220) and a power winding (230), the excitation winding (220) configured to receive an excitation current, the power winding (230) configured to accommodate a power flow in the rotating field machine (200), the control system configured to perform operations comprising:

determining to operate the rotating field machine (200) in a start-up mode;

wherein during the start-up mode, the operations comprise:

exciting the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) with one or more power converters (170); and

operating the one or more power converters (170) to start the rotating field machine (200);

determining to operate the rotating field machine (200) in a power generation mode;

wherein during the power generation mode, the operation comprises:

decoupling the power windings (230) from the one or more power converters (170); and

operating the one or more power converters (170) to manage a field current flowing in the field winding (220) to control power generated in the power winding (230).

9. The control system of claim 8, wherein during the generating mode, the operating includes coupling the power winding (230) to a DC bus via a rectifier (160).

10. The control system of claim 8, wherein during the generate mode, the operating includes coupling the power winding (230) to an AC bus.

11. The control system of any preceding claim, wherein the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) are located in the stator (140) such that the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other.

12. A method of operating a rotating field machine (200), the rotating field machine (200) comprising a stator (140) and a rotor (150), the rotor (150) mounted for rotation relative to the stator (140), the stator (140) comprising an excitation winding (220) and a power winding (230), the excitation winding (220) configured to receive an excitation current, the power winding (230) configured to accommodate a flow of power in the rotating field machine (200), the method comprising:

determining to operate the rotating field machine (200) in a start-up mode;

wherein during the start-up mode, the method comprises:

exciting the excitation winding (220) and the power winding (230) with a power converter (170); and

operating the power converter (170) to start the rotating field machine (200);

determining to operate the rotating field machine (200) in a power generation mode;

wherein during the power generation mode, the method comprises:

decoupling the power winding (230) from the power converter (170); and

operating the power converter (170) to manage a field current flowing in the field winding (220) to control power generated in the power winding (230).

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the field winding (220) and the power winding (230) are located in the stator (140) such that the field winding (220) and the power winding (230) are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other.

14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein during the generating mode, the method comprises coupling the power winding (230) to a DC bus via a rectifier (160).

15. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein during the generating mode, the method comprises coupling the power winding (230) to an AC bus.

Technical Field

The present subject matter generally relates to rotating field machines.

Background

Rotating electrical machines are used in a variety of applications, such as automotive applications, aerospace applications, marine applications, industrial applications, and many others. The rotating electrical machine may be an electric motor. The rotor is configured to rotate relative to the stator to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. The rotating electrical machine further includes a generator. Relative rotation between the rotor and stator may convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

One example of a generator is a generator used on board an aircraft. In aerospace applications, Variable Frequency Starter Generators (VFSG) are commonly used for motor/generators. In conventional applications, rotating field machines and other machines (e.g., synchronous reluctance machines, inductive machines, etc.) require coupling the machine to a DC/AC converter in order to control the power applied to a load. The power converter must manage all the power flowing from the machine to the electrical system, resulting in reduced overall reliability of the machine and increased cost, volume and weight.

Disclosure of Invention

Aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be learned from the description, or may be learned through practice of the embodiments.

One example aspect of the present disclosure relates to a rotating field machine. A rotating field machine includes a stator and a rotor. The rotor is mounted for rotation relative to the stator. The stator includes a first winding. The first winding may be an excitation winding configured to receive an excitation current. The stator also includes a second winding. The second winding may be a power winding configured to accommodate a flow of power through the rotating field machine.

In some embodiments, the field and power windings are located in the stator such that the field and power windings are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the field winding is 90 ° out of phase with respect to the power winding. In some embodiments, the field winding is associated with a d-axis current and the power winding is associated with a q-axis current of the rotating field machine.

In some embodiments, the rotating field machine is coupled to a control system configured to operate the rotating field machine in a start-up mode and a generate mode. In some embodiments, during the start-up mode, both the field winding and the power winding are coupled to one or more power converters. In some embodiments, the power windings are coupled to the DC bus via a bridge rectifier. In some embodiments, during the generating mode, the power winding is coupled to a variable frequency constant voltage bus. In some embodiments, the control device is configured to control the power converter to manage a field current flowing in the field winding to control the power generated in the power winding. In some embodiments, the rotating field machine is a synchronous reluctance machine.

Another example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a control system for operating a rotating field machine. A rotating field machine includes a stator and a rotor. The rotor may be mounted for rotation relative to the stator. The stator includes an excitation winding configured to receive an excitation current. The stator also includes power windings configured to accommodate power flow in the rotating field machine. The control system may be configured to perform operations. The operation may include determining to operate the rotating field machine in a start-up mode. During the start-up mode, the operation may include exciting the excitation winding and the power winding with the power converter. The operations also include operating the power converter to start the rotating field machine. The operations also include determining to operate the rotating field machine in a generating mode. During the power generation mode, the operation includes decoupling the power winding from the power converter. The operations also include operating the power converter to manage a field current flowing in the field winding to control power generated in the power winding.

In some embodiments, during the generating mode, the operation includes coupling the power winding to the DC bus via a rectifier. In some embodiments, during the generating mode, the operation includes coupling the power winding to the AC bus. In some embodiments, the field and power windings are located in the stator such that the field and power windings are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the field windings are positioned 90 ° out of phase electrically with respect to the power windings.

Yet another example aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method of operating a rotating field machine. A rotating field machine includes a stator and a rotor. The rotor may be mounted for rotation relative to the stator. The stator includes an excitation winding configured to receive an excitation current. The stator also includes power windings configured to accommodate a flow of power through the rotating field machine. The method also includes determining to operate the rotating field machine in a start-up mode. During the start-up mode, the method includes exciting the field winding and the power winding with the power converter. The method also includes operating the power converter to start the rotating field machine. The method also includes determining to operate the rotating field machine in a generating mode. During the power generation mode, the method includes decoupling the power winding from the power converter. The method also includes operating the power converter to manage a field current flowing in the field winding to control power generated in the power winding.

In some embodiments, the field and power windings are located in the stator such that the field and power windings are electrically orthogonal with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the excitation winding is positioned 90 ° out of phase electrically with the power winding. In some embodiments, during the generating mode, the method includes coupling the power winding to the DC bus via a rectifier. In some embodiments, during the generating mode, the method includes coupling the power winding to the AC bus.

Variations and modifications may be made to the example embodiments. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the various embodiments will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the relevant principles.

Drawings

A detailed discussion of embodiments directed to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:

fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of components of an example rotating field machine, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 depicts a circuit diagram of an example dual-winding rotating field machine, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts a graph of an example rotating field machine current, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 depicts a flowchart of an example method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 depicts an example control apparatus for a power converter, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Example aspects of the present disclosure relate to a dual winding rotating field machine. In aerospace applications, a Variable Frequency Starter Generator (VFSG) may be a common machine for electric motor/generators. VFSGs can have complex designs, including electromagnetic components with many rotating elements and cooling components for many heat sources. In order to control the power applied to the load, some applications require that the machine be coupled to a switching power converter. The converter must manage all the power flowing from the machine to the electrical system during the start-up mode. This reduces the reliability of the machine and increases the weight, volume and cost of the machine.

According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a dual winding rotating field machine, such as an improved synchronous reluctance machine, may be provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the machine may have a stator with two independent windings (a double winding machine). The first winding may be used to control the excitation current and the second winding may be used to control the main power flow. Since the stator has two independent windings, the switching power converter may be responsible for managing only the field windings.

For example, in some embodiments, the machine may operate in a start-up mode or a generate mode. In the start mode, the two windings may be coupled to one or more power converters. In the generating mode, the power windings may be connected to the DC bus with a diode bridge therebetween. Diode bridge rectifiers can be obtained from the same converter branches (free wheel diodes) used for hard switching or integrated in the power converter. Alternatively, the power windings may be coupled to a variable frequency constant voltage (or AC) bus without any power electronics therebetween. As a result, the power converter may be used to manage only the excitation power.

In this manner, example aspects of the present disclosure may provide a number of technical effects and benefits. For example, a stator with two independent windings may allow the power converter to handle a reduced overall power ratio. As a result, it is possible to increase reliability and reduce the weight, volume, and cost of the power converter for excitation.

Referring now to the drawings, example aspects of the disclosure will be discussed in more detail.

Fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of an example dual-winding rotating field machine 200, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The machine 200 may be a synchronous reluctance machine or any other type of rotating field machine (e.g., permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine), an induction machine, an internal permanent magnet machine, a surface mounted permanent magnet machine. The machine 200 may include a rotor 150 and a stator 140. The rotor 150 may be mounted for rotation relative to the stator 140. In an example embodiment, the stator 140 may include a first winding and a second winding. The first winding may be an excitation winding 220. The second winding may be a power winding 230. In some embodiments, the power winding 230 may be coupled to the main rectifier 160 to rectify power. The power generated by the machine 200 may be applied to many different applications, including but not limited to automotive and aerospace applications.

The machine 200 may include a switching power converter 170. Power converter 170 may be used to convert DC power to AC power. In an example embodiment, power converter 170 may be configured to operate using a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) arrangement of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switching devices or other switching devices. The control device 210 may be configured to control the operation of the converter by providing one or more gating commands to the switching device. The control device 210 may be configured to control the operation of the machine 200 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4, discussed below, shows one example of a flow chart that may be implemented using the control device 210. There may be multiple converters 170, as desired and designed.

Fig. 2 depicts a circuit diagram of an example dual winding rotating field machine 200 when operating in a generating mode. According to an example aspect of the disclosure, the field winding 220 may be coupled to the power converter 170. The power windings 230 may be coupled to the DC bus with a diode bridge rectifier 160 therebetween. The field winding 220 and the power winding 230 may be positioned in the stator 140 such that the field winding 220 and the power winding 230 are in electrical quadrature. In this manner, the field winding 220 may be associated with the d-axis component and the power winding 230 may be associated with the q-axis component. The d-axis and q-axis are defined herein according to well-known Clarke and Park transformation theory, with the d-axis aligned with the main rotor flux. In an example embodiment, the excitation winding 220 may be positioned 90 ° out of phase electrically with respect to the power winding 230. By designing the stator 140 to have two independent windings orthogonal to each other and physically separating the d-axis and q-axis components (rotating magnetic field and current), the power converter 170 may be responsible only for managing the excitation power. Accordingly, the power converter 170 may be designed to have a reduced size, weight, and volume.

FIG. 3 depicts a graph 300 representing d-axis current versus q-axis current for a co-located magnetoresistive machine, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. d-axis for current I_dDenotes the q-axis current by I_qAnd (4) showing. According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, the stator 140 of the dual winding reluctance machine 200 may be designed with two independent windings to physically separate the d-axis current and the q-axis current. As a result, the power converter 170 may be used to control only the excitation power. As shown in graph 300, at point 310, the maximum d-axis current 330 (I)_dmax) Less than maximum q-axis current 320. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, power converter 170 need only manage d-axis current (and d-axis power). As a result, power converter 170 may be designed such that it is sized to handle only d-axis power. Although not shown in graph 300, the d-axis voltage may be less than the q-axis voltage, thus resulting in an advantage (on the apparent power V × I) that is even greater than a simple d-axis to q-axis current ratio. Accordingly, the power converter 170 may be designed to have a reduced size, weight, and volume while improving reliability. For example, the present disclosure may be advantageous for managing power in aerospace applications, where the power demand of an aircraft may be up to several kilowatts (kW) or hundreds of kilowatts (kW).

Fig. 4 depicts a flowchart of an example method 400 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 depicts steps performed in a particular order for purposes of illustration and discussion. Using the disclosure provided herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the methods discussed herein can be adapted, rearranged, expanded, omitted, performed or modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be performed by the control device 210 or by a separate device.

At (410), the method may include obtaining a signal from the control device 210 indicating the mode of operation. The operating mode may be a start-up mode or a power generation mode.

At (420), the method may include determining whether the operating mode is a startup mode. If the operating mode is not the startup mode, the method may proceed to (460) to determine if the operating mode is the power generation mode. If it is determined that the mode of operation is the start-up mode, the method may include energizing the field winding 220 at (430).

At (440), the method may include exciting the power winding 230 with the switching power converter 170. The power windings 230 may be configured to accommodate the flow of power through the rotating field machine 200.

At (450), the method may include operating the power converter 170 to start the rotating field machine 200. After starting the rotating field machine 200, the method may loop back to (410) to obtain a signal indicative of the operating mode. The method may again perform step (420) to determine whether the signal indicates the startup mode, and proceed to (460) after determining that the signal does not indicate the startup mode.

At (460), the method may include determining whether the obtained signal indicates a power generation mode. If the signal obtained is for a power generation mode, the method may continue to operate the machine 200 in the power generation mode.

At (470), the method may include exciting the field winding 220 with the power converter 170. The field winding 220 may correspond to a d-axis current and a d-axis power.

At (480), the method may include decoupling the power winding 230 from the power converter 170. The power winding 230 may be associated with a q-axis current and a q-axis power. As discussed above in fig. 3, the q-axis current (and q-axis power) may be greater than the d-axis current (and d-axis power). As a result, decoupling power windings 230 from power converter 170 may allow power converter 170 to handle a reduced amount of total power.

At (490), the method may include coupling the power winding 230 to a variable frequency constant voltage bus. In another example embodiment, the power windings 230 may be coupled to the DC bus via a diode bridge rectifier 160. As a result, the generated power can be controlled only by the excitation winding 220.

At (492), the method may include operating the power converter 170 to manage the field current flowing in the field winding 220 to control the power generated in the power winding 230. As shown in graph 300, the d-axis current (and d-axis power) may be lower than the q-axis current (and q-axis power). The d-axis voltage may be lower than the q-axis voltage, which may result in more advantages in the apparent power V × I.

Fig. 5 depicts an example control apparatus 210 (e.g., one or more controllers) according to an example aspect of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, control device 210 may be coupled to power converter 170.

The control device 210 may be used, for example, as the control device 210 of the power converter 170. Control device 210 may include one or more processors 212 and one or more memory devices 214. The one or more processors 212 may include any suitable processing device, such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an integrated circuit, a logic device, and/or other suitable processing device. The one or more memory devices 214 may include one or more computer-readable media, including but not limited to non-transitory computer-readable media, RAM, ROM, hard drives, flash drives, and/or other memory devices.

The one or more memory devices 214 may store information accessible by the one or more processors 212, including computer-readable instructions that may be executed by the one or more processors 212. The instructions may be any set of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors 212, cause the one or more processors 212 to perform operations. In some embodiments, the instructions may be executable by the one or more processors 212 to cause the one or more processors to perform operations, such as any operations and functions for which the control device 210 is configured. For example, the operations may be used to control power converter 170 (e.g., control method 400), and/or to control any other operation or function of one or more control devices 210, as described herein. The instructions may be software written in any suitable programming language or may be implemented in hardware. Additionally and/or alternatively, the instructions may be executed in logically and/or virtually separate threads on the processor 212. Memory device 214 may also store data that may be accessed by processor 212. For example, the data may include data indicative of power flow, current, temperature, actual voltage, nominal voltage, gating commands, switching patterns, and/or any other data and/or information described herein.

The control device 210 may also include a communication interface 216 for communicating with other components of the machine 200 (e.g., via a network), for example. Communication interface 216 may include any suitable components for interfacing with one or more networks, including, for example, a transmitter, a receiver, a port, a control device, an antenna, and/or other suitable components. For example, the communication interface 216 may be configured to communicate with one or more sensors or voltage or temperature sensors. Further, communication interface 216 may be configured to communicate with a control device (e.g., control device 210).

Although specific features of various embodiments may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only. In accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, any feature of a drawing may be referenced and/or claimed in combination with any feature of any other drawing.

This written description uses examples of the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.