阅读说明：本技术 活化剂以及机械化学活化中低品位磷矿浸出的方法 (Activating agent and method for leaching low-grade phosphorite in mechanochemical activation ) 是由 王晨 高宏 应媛芳 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种活化剂,该活化剂由二氧化硅和铵盐组成,用于中低品位磷矿的机械化学反应,能够大幅提高中低品位磷矿的浸出率。本发明还提供了一种机械化学活化中低品位磷矿浸出的方法。(The invention discloses activating agents, which consist of silicon dioxide and ammonium salt, are used for mechanochemical reaction of middle and low grade phosphorite and can greatly improve the leaching rate of the middle and low grade phosphorite.)

1, , activator silicon dioxide and ammonium salt, which is characterized in that the activator comprises of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate or the mixture of the ammonium sulfate, the ammonium chloride and the ammonium bicarbonate and the silicon dioxide, wherein the molar ratio of ammonium ions to the silicon dioxide is 1: 2.

The method for leaching the medium-low grade phosphorite through the mechanical chemical activation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing the medium and low grade phosphorite with the activating agent in claim 1 to obtain a mixture, carrying out mechanical activation treatment on the mixture, roasting the mixture after the mechanical activation treatment, and finally leaching the roasted mixture by using water as a solvent.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the medium-low grade phosphate ore to the activating agent is 0-8: 1.

4. the method of claim 2, wherein the mechanical activation is achieved by:

and (3) treating for 1-15 min by adopting a high-energy planetary ball mill according to a ball-material ratio of 5-25: 1.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the particle size of the mid-low grade phosphate ore is less than 1 mm.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the firing is 400 to 800 ℃.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is deionized water, and the temperature of the solvent during leaching is 40-80 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing, in particular to activators and a method for leaching low-grade phosphorite in mechanochemical activations.

Background

China is of the world with the great phosphorus production and is also a country with the great consumption of phosphorus resources, the phosphorite resources of China are rich, the ascertained resources are second to Morocco and are second to the world, and the characteristics of concentrated ore resource distribution, more middle and low-grade ores, less high-grade rich ores, more difficultly selected ores, less easily selected ores, greater mining difficulty and the like are presented₂O₅Rich ore with the mass fraction of more than 30 percent is rapidly exhausted, and nearly 90 percent of phosphorite in China is middle-low grade phosphorite which is difficult to directly utilize, so that the comprehensive utilization of phosphorite resources is realizedThe method has the advantages of comprehensive utilization, improvement of the utilization rate of the middle-low grade phosphorite, attack of the pretreatment technology of the middle-low grade phosphorite, exploration and research of the effective utilization technology of the middle-low grade phosphorite powder, full utilization of phosphorus in the phosphorite, promotion of the release of the phosphorus, and realization of the fertilizer efficiency of the chemical phosphate fertilizer close to that of the chemical phosphate fertilizer with the same physical quantity, and has very important significance for full utilization of phosphorite resources in China.

At present, the treatment technology for using middle-low grade phosphate ore as phosphate fertilizer mainly includes acid method, thermal method and ball grinding method. The acid process for preparing phosphate fertilizer needs to consume large amount of inorganic acid (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.), and the obtained products are mainly various water-soluble phosphate fertilizers and phosphates, but the production of these phosphate fertilizers requires apatite containing P₂O₅More than or equal to 28 percent, the content and the granularity of impurities also meet the requirements of , the thermal method for preparing the phosphate fertilizer is generally used for producing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer, sintered calcium sodium phosphate fertilizer and the like, taking the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as an example, the phosphate fertilizer takes phosphorite and coke as raw materials, magnesium-containing silicate as a fluxing agent, the phosphate fertilizer is melted at the temperature higher than 1400 ℃, and then the melt is quenched in water, thus obtaining kinds of vitreous bodies containing magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon oxide and phosphorus pentoxide, the ball milling method for preparing the phosphate fertilizer is to mill the phosphorite into phosphorite powder which is directly used as the fertilizer of acid soil, the milling fineness of the ore powder is required to be more than 100 meshes and more than 90 percent as , and the ore powder is required₂O₅The method comprises the steps of crushing raw materials into coarse phosphate ore powder through a crusher and a universal mill, crushing the coarse phosphate ore powder through a ball mill or a vibration mill to obtain superfine phosphate ore powder serving as a fertilizer premix, adding an additive and humic acid into the premix, performing high-energy activation treatment through a stirring mill or a vibration mill, and performing concentration granulation to obtain the superfine activated phosphate ore compound fertilizer product.

The mechanochemical reaction is to introduce mechanical energy accumulation through different action modes of mechanical force, such as grinding, compression, friction, impact, shearing, extension and the like, so that the physicochemical properties and the structure of a stressed object are changed, the reaction activity of the stressed object is improved, and the generated chemical reaction is excited and accelerated. The mechanical activation of the mineral is that the mineral generates lattice distortion and dislocation under the condition of mechanical action, and simultaneously the particle arrangement part in the lattice loses periodicity to form lattice defects, so that the internal energy of the lattice is increased, the surface performance is changed, the reaction activity is enhanced, and the leaching efficiency of the mineral is obviously improved. At present, no mechanochemical treatment scheme for the medium-low grade phosphorite is available.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects and the requirements of the prior art, the invention aims to provide activators and methods for leaching low-grade phosphorite in mechanochemical activation.

According to an th aspect of an embodiment of the invention, there is provided an activator comprising of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, or a mixture thereof, mixed with silica, the molar ratio of ammonium ions to silica being 1: 2.

The activating agent is used for mechanochemical activation treatment of medium and low grade phosphorite, can greatly improve the leaching rate of the medium phosphorus element, has no corrosivity and no pollution, and effectively improves the utilization rate of the medium and low grade phosphorite.

The invention also provides a method for leaching kinds of low-grade phosphorite in mechanochemical activation, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the medium and low grade phosphorite with the activating agent to obtain a mixture, carrying out mechanical activation treatment on the mixture, roasting the mixture after the mechanical activation treatment, and finally leaching the roasted mixture by taking water as a solvent.

The method effectively improves the leaching rate and the utilization efficiency of the medium and low-grade phosphorite by processing the medium and low-grade phosphorite through mechanochemical reaction, is environment-friendly and pollution-free in the process, and improves the leaching rate of the medium and low-grade phosphorite by using the activating agent in steps.

In embodiments according to the invention, the mass ratio of the medium-low grade phosphate ore to the activating agent is 0-8: 1.

In embodiments according to the invention, the mechanical activation is achieved by:

and (3) treating for 1-15 min by adopting a high-energy planetary ball mill according to a ball-material ratio of 5-25: 1.

In embodiments according to the invention, the particle size of the mid-low grade phosphate ore is less than 1 mm.

In embodiments according to the invention, the temperature of the firing is 400-800 ℃.

In embodiments of the present invention, the solvent is deionized water, and the temperature of the solvent during leaching is 40-80 deg.C

It is to be understood that both the foregoing -general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification , illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description , serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of ground phosphate rock;

FIG. 2 is the XRD pattern after milling in example 2;

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the effect of mechanical activation time on XRD of phosphate ore;

FIG. 4 is a comparison of XRD spectra of powdered rock phosphate ball-milled for 5min with activator, and powdered rock phosphate ball-milled for 5min without activator;

FIG. 5a is a SEM photograph of a raw ore;

FIG. 5b is a SEM photograph of the mixture after adding the activator and mixing and grinding;

FIG. 6 is a graph of the difference between the XRD of the product with the addition of the activators a, b, c, d, e and the result without the addition.

Detailed Description

The scope of embodiments of the invention includes the full ambit of the claims, as well as all available equivalents of the claims.