阅读说明：本技术 一种利用餐厨垃圾生产微生物菌肥的方法 (method for producing microbial bacterial manure by utilizing kitchen waste ) 是由 谭之磊 魏希庆 李小娜 贾士儒 乔长晟 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种利用餐厨垃圾生产微生物菌肥的方法,所述微生物菌肥,含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、胶冻样芽胞杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、侧孢短芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、细黄链霉菌中的一种或两种以上混合菌。微生物菌肥采用如下方法制备：除去餐厨垃圾中杂物,将餐厨垃圾加热后取出油脂,剩余部分粉碎后加酶酶解,将酶解后的餐厨垃圾投入发酵罐灭菌后接入培养好的一种或一种以上菌种,纯菌或混菌发酵得到单一菌种液体菌肥或复合菌种液体菌肥,用载体吸附液体菌肥后得到固体菌肥。本发明利用餐厨垃圾生产微生物菌肥,显著降低了生产成本,同时可有限减少餐厨垃圾对环境的污染。(The invention provides a method for producing microbial bacterial manure by utilizing kitchen waste, which contains or more than two mixed bacteria of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and streptomyces microflavus.)

1, method for producing microbial bacterial manure by using kitchen waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) removing impurities such as metal, glass, ceramics, plastics and the like which can not be quickly utilized by microorganisms from the kitchen waste by a manual or automatic method;

2) adjusting the water content of the kitchen waste until the liquid surface of the kitchen waste is submerged in the solid kitchen waste, heating the kitchen waste to be more than 45 ℃, maintaining for 10-30 minutes, stirring properly during the heating, standing for 5-60 minutes to separate an oil phase from a water phase, and taking out upper-layer grease for preparing industrial grease;

3) crushing lower-layer kitchen waste, controlling the particle diameter to be less than 1.5mm, adding water to adjust the solid content to 10-50%, adding or more of cellulase, pectinase, amylase and protease, and performing enzymolysis at 30-37 ℃ to obtain the kitchen waste subjected to enzymolysis for later use;

4) respectively preparing single-bacterium liquid strains or single-bacterium dry concentrated strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), Bacillus laterosporus (Brevibacillus laterosporus), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus);

5) directly fermenting to prepare single strain liquid bacterial manure or compound strain liquid bacterial manure, putting the kitchen waste after enzymolysis in the step (3) into a ventilation mechanical stirring fermentation tank, adjusting the dry matter content to 10-15% by adding water, adding 0.1% of inorganic nitrogen source which can be or a mixture of more than two of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, sterilizing at the temperature of 110 ℃ and 121 ℃ for 20-30 minutes, cooling to 25-37 ℃, respectively inoculating 5-15% of or more than single strain liquid bacterial manure prepared in the step (4), or inoculating 0.01-0.1% of or more than single strain dry concentrated bacterial manure, and fermenting at the temperature of 28-37 ℃ for 12-72 hours to obtain single strain liquid bacterial manure or compound strain liquid bacterial manure;

6) preparing a composite liquid bacterial fertilizer after pure bacterial fermentation, and mixing two or more single bacterial liquid bacterial fertilizers obtained in the step (5) to obtain a composite bacterial liquid bacterial fertilizer;

7) and (3) preparing the solid bacterial manure, namely uniformly stirring the single strain liquid bacterial manure or the composite strain liquid bacterial manure and the carrier according to the ratio of 1: 3-1: 10 to obtain the solid bacterial manure.

2. The method for preparing single-strain liquid strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces microflavus according to the step (4) of claim 1, wherein the liquid culture medium contains 1-1.5% of carbohydrate, wherein the carbohydrate can be or a mixture of glucose, starch and sucrose, 0.1-0.2% of inorganic nitrogen source, wherein the inorganic nitrogen source can be ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or or a mixture of ammonium chloride, 0.05-0.1% of organic nitrogen source, wherein the organic nitrogen source can be yeast extract, yeast extract powder, peptone, tryptone, or a mixture of several of beef extract, 0.05-0.1% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.5% of sodium chloride, the liquid culture medium can be inoculated with 30-30 minutes of pure-30 minutes of magnesium sulfate, the liquid culture medium is cooled to obtain the single-strain liquid strains with the content of 20-35 minutes after being inoculated with the sterilized, and the single-30 minutes of the single-12 minutes of the single-20 minutes of the single-10 minutes of the single-20-12 minutes of the single-20⁹cfu/mL。

3. The method for preparing the dry concentrated strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces microflavus according to the step (4) of the claim 1 comprises the following steps: characterized in that the method of claim 2 is used to obtainThe viable bacteria content is not less than 2 x 10⁹cfu/mL, concentrating liquid strain by centrifuging or filtering, adding skimmed milk powder and glycerol, freeze drying or spray drying to obtain single dry concentrated strain with viable bacteria content of 5 × 10 or more¹⁰cfu/g。

4. The method for preparing the liquid bacterial fertilizer of the single strain or the liquid bacterial fertilizer of the compound strain by direct fermentation according to the step 5) of the claim 1, which is characterized in that the number of the effective viable bacteria of the liquid bacterial fertilizer of the single strain prepared by direct fermentation is not less than 5 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/mL, the content of the composite strain liquid bacterial manure is not less than 5 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/mL and wherein the number of active bacteria per species should not be less than 1 × 10⁶cfu/mL。

5. The method for preparing the composite liquid bacterial fertilizer according to the step (6) of the claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite liquid bacterial fertilizer is obtained by mixing two or more than two single bacterial strains, and the effective viable bacteria content of the composite liquid bacterial fertilizer is not less than 5 x 10⁸cfu/mL and wherein the number of active bacteria per species should not be less than 1 × 10⁶cfu/mL。

6. The method for preparing the solid bacterial fertilizer according to the step (7) in the claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is composed of or more of turf, peat, active carbon and fly ash, and the content of effective viable bacteria in the solid bacterial fertilizer is not less than 1 x 10⁸cfu/g, the number of each effective bacteria in the solid compound microbial fertilizer must not be less than 1 x 10⁶cfu/g, pH between 6-7.5.

7, method for producing microbial bacterial manure by using kitchen, which is characterized in that the microbial bacterial manure is obtained by fermenting kitchen waste with or a plurality of mixed strains, wherein the strains are bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC 1.15674, CGMCC 1.1414, CGMCC1.257, bacillus licheniformis CGMCC1.8805, CGMCC1.6510, bacillus mucilaginosus CICC23575, CICC 23640, bacillus megatherium CGMCC1.8802, CICC 20665, CICC 22681, brevibacillus laterosporus CICC 21185, bacillus thuringiensis CGMCC1.15822, bacillus subtilis CGMCC1.15792, CGMCC1.14985, streptomyces microflavus CICC 23626 and CICC 23627.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and relates to methods for producing microbial bacterial manure by utilizing kitchen waste.

Background

The microbial fertilizer has the effects of improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, stimulating crop growth, enhancing crop stress resistance and the like, and is a green fertilizer with great development prospect, the main reason for limiting the wide application of the microbial fertilizer at present is that is high in production cost and expensive in price compared with or farmyard manure, and the microbial fertilizer is basically produced by adopting industrial products such as glucose, sucrose, peptone, yeast extract and the like as main culture medium raw materials, so that the production cost is high, the selling price is difficult to reduce, how to effectively replace the existing microbial fertilizer production raw materials and reduce the production cost becomes which is the problem urgently needed to be solved in the current microbial fertilizer production.

In recent years, the discharge amount of the kitchen waste is increased year by year, the pollution caused by the kitchen waste is increasingly remarkable in the urban environmental pollution problem, is generated in urban sanitary environment and daily life of residents, and how to reasonably and safely dispose the kitchen waste becomes a problem concerned by the whole society.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing microbial fertilizer production and kitchen waste treatment technology, and provides methods for producing microbial bacterial manure by using kitchen waste, so that the production cost of the microbial fertilizer is effectively reduced, the kitchen waste is effectively treated, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

, the kitchen waste is fermented by or a plurality of mixed strains to obtain liquid bacterial fertilizer, and the solid bacterial fertilizer can be prepared by adding a carrier into the liquid bacterial fertilizer and uniformly stirring, wherein the strains are formed by mixing peat 2 or more of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Bacillus mucilaginosus (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus), Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), Bacillus laterosporus (Brevibacillus laterosporus), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis), Bacillus 865865i (Bacillus subtilis), Streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus), wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is strain 1.15674, Bacillus mucilaginosus mies, Bacillus subtilis 1.627, Bacillus licheniformis strain 4835, Bacillus mucilaginosus strain 8655, Bacillus mucilaginosus strain 235 and Bacillus subtilis 2 or more of Bacillus mucilaginosus, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain 1, Bacillus mucilaginosus strain 11 and Bacillus subtilis strain 12 are CGMCC 3, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain 235, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain is CGMCC 3, the Bacillus subtilis strain 475, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain is CGMCC 73, the Bacillus subtilis strain 235, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain is CGMCC 3 strain, the Bacillus subtilis strain 235 strain, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain, the Bacillus subtilis strain is the Bacillus subtilis strain, the Bacillus subtilis strain 235 strain, the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain, the strain is the strain 235 strain, the Bacillus subtilis strain, the strain of Bacillus mucilaginosus strain of the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain of the Bacillus subtilis strain of the Bacillus mucilaginos.

method for producing microbial bacterial manure by using kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:

1) removing impurities such as metal, glass, ceramics, plastics and the like which can not be quickly utilized by microorganisms from the kitchen waste by a manual or automatic method;

2) adjusting the water content of the kitchen waste until the liquid surface of the kitchen waste is submerged in the solid kitchen waste, heating the kitchen waste to be more than 45 ℃, maintaining for 10-30 minutes, stirring properly during the heating, standing for 5-60 minutes to separate an oil phase from a water phase, and taking out upper-layer grease for preparing industrial grease;

3) crushing the lower layer kitchen waste, controlling the particle diameter to be less than 1.5mm, adjusting the solid content to 10-50% by adding water, adding cellulase, pectinase, amylase and protease, and carrying out enzymolysis at 30-37 ℃ to obtain the kitchen waste subjected to enzymolysis for later use;

4) a liquid culture medium containing carbohydrate 1-1.5%, wherein the carbohydrate may be kinds or a mixture of several kinds of glucose, starch and cane sugar, 0.1-0.2% of inorganic nitrogen source, wherein the inorganic nitrogen source may be ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or kinds or a mixture of several kinds of ammonium chloride, 0.05-0.1% of organic nitrogen source, wherein the organic nitrogen source may be one or a mixture of several kinds of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, and further contains 0.05-0.1% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.5% of sodium chloride, 110-30 times of the liquid culture medium, 30-30 minutes of the single bacterium strain and 30-30 minutes of the single bacterium dry concentrated bacterial agent, and the liquid culture medium is inoculated into a triangular flask to obtain the liquid culture medium, and the liquid culture medium is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, and the liquid culture medium is cooled to obtain the liquid culture medium, and the single bacterium dry concentrated bacterial agent is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, wherein the liquid culture medium contains the liquid culture medium, the liquid culture medium is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, and the liquid culture medium contains the liquid culture medium is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, and⁹cfu/mL, centrifuging or filtering to concentrate thallus, adding skimmed milk powder and glycerol, freeze drying or spray drying to obtain single-strain dry concentrated strain, and single-strain dry concentratingThe viable bacteria content of the strain is not less than 5 multiplied by 10¹⁰cfu/g。

5) Adding water into the kitchen waste after enzymolysis to adjust the dry matter content to 10-15%, adding 0.1% of inorganic nitrogen source which can be or a mixture of more than of ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, sterilizing at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 20-30 minutes, cooling to 28-37 ℃, inoculating 5-15% of cultured bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and streptomyces microflavus liquid strains or inoculating 0.01-0.1% of corresponding strains, drying and concentrating the strains, culturing at the temperature of 25-37 ℃ for 24-72 hours to obtain a strain liquid bacterial fertilizer, wherein the viable bacteria content of the strain liquid bacterial fertilizer is not less than 5 multiplied by 10⁸cfu/mL；

6) The preparation method of the composite liquid bacterial fertilizer comprises mixing two or more kinds of single strain liquid bacterial fertilizers according to the characteristics of crops and soil to obtain the composite liquid bacterial fertilizer with effective viable bacteria content not less than 5 × 10⁸cfu/mL and the number of effective bacteria per strains should not be less than 1X 10⁶cfu/mL。

7) The solid bacterial fertilizer is prepared by mixing single liquid bacterial fertilizer or composite liquid bacterial fertilizer with carrier at ratio of 1: 3-1: 10, stirring, wherein the carrier is composed of of turf, peat, activated carbon and fly ash, and the effective viable bacteria content of the solid bacterial fertilizer is not less than 1 × 10⁸cfu/g, the number of each effective bacteria in the solid compound microbial fertilizer must not be less than 1 x 10⁶cfu/g。

The invention has the advantages that: compared with the conventional semi-synthetic culture medium which takes glucose, sucrose, yeast powder and beef extract as main raw materials in industrial production, the production cost of the liquid or solid bacterial manure prepared from the kitchen waste is reduced by more than 20%, the efficient utilization of the kitchen waste can be realized, and the environmental pollution is reduced. The microbial fertilizer prepared from the kitchen waste is applied to crops such as corn, tomato, apple and the like, so that the yield can be improved, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of the crops can be reduced.

Detailed Description

methods for producing microbial bacterial manure by using kitchen waste according to the embodiments of the present invention, the following specific experimental cases are used as examples to illustrate specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.