阅读说明：本技术 显影剂调节构件、显影装置、处理盒和电子照相图像形成设备 (Developer regulating member, developing device, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus ) 是由 小川祥宽 奥田满 于 2019-07-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及显影剂调节构件、显影装置、处理盒和电子照相图像形成设备。提供即使在具有小粒径的显影剂上也能产生均匀的摩擦电荷的显影剂调节构件。用于调节承载在显影剂承载体的表面上的显影剂层的厚度的显影剂调节构件,其具有：与显影剂接触的调节部,其中调节部包含热塑性丙烯酸系树脂,并且热塑性丙烯酸系树脂在当使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)以20.0℃/min的升温速度将温度从-100℃升高至150℃时获得的DSC曲线的微分曲线上,具有在+50℃以上具有峰顶的第一吸热峰,和在+20℃以下具有峰顶的第二吸热峰。(A developer regulating member for regulating a thickness of a developer layer carried on a surface of a developer carrying body has a regulating portion in contact with the developer, wherein the regulating portion contains a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic acrylic resin has an th endothermic peak having a peak top at +50 ℃ or more and a second endothermic peak having a peak top at +20 ℃ or less on a differential curve of a DSC curve obtained when a temperature is raised from-100 ℃ to 150 ℃ at a temperature rising speed of 20.0 ℃/min using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).)

1, developer regulating member for regulating a thickness of a layer of a developer carried on a surface of a developer carrying body, the developer regulating member including a regulating portion in contact with the developer,

characterized in that the regulating part comprises a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and

the thermoplastic acrylic resin has an th endothermic peak having a peak at +50 ℃ or higher and a second endothermic peak having a peak at +20 ℃ or lower on a differential curve of a DSC curve obtained when a temperature is raised from-100 ℃ to 150 ℃ at a temperature rising rate of 20.0 ℃/min using differential scanning calorimetry DSC.

2. The developer regulating member according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic acrylic resin comprises a th polymer showing the th endothermic peak and a second polymer showing the second endothermic peak.

3. The developer regulating member according to claim 2, wherein the th polymer has a molecular weight of 1 x 10⁴Above and 5 × 10⁴The following weight average molecular weight.

4. The developer regulating member according to claim 2, wherein the second polymer has a molecular weight of 1 x 10⁴Above and 1 × 10⁵The following weight average molecular weight.

5. The developer regulating member according to claim 2, wherein the th polymer is contained in a content of 20% by mass or more and less than 80% by mass based on the total amount of the thermoplastic acrylic resin.

6. The developer regulating member according to claim 2, wherein the th polymer comprises repeating units derived from methyl methacrylate and the second polymer comprises repeating units derived from n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

7. The developer regulating member according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic acrylic resin is a block copolymer of a th high molecular block showing the th endothermic peak and a second high molecular block showing the second endothermic peak.

8. The developer regulating member according to claim 7, wherein the block copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1 x 10⁴Above and 9X 10⁵The following.

9. The developer regulating member according to claim 7, wherein a content of the th polymer block is 20% by mass or more and less than 80% by mass based on a total amount of the block copolymer.

10. The developer regulating member according to claim 7, wherein the th polymer block comprises repeating units derived from methyl methacrylate, and the second polymer block comprises repeating units derived from n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

11. The developer regulating member according to claim 1, wherein the regulating portion contains a conductive agent.

12. The developer regulating member according to claim 1, further comprising a supporting member supporting the regulating portion, wherein the regulating portion is disposed at or near an end of the supporting member.

13. The developer regulating member according to claim 12, comprising a protruding portion extending from a contact portion of the regulating portion with the developer toward an side where the developer is supplied to the contact portion,

wherein a step in a thickness direction of the support member is formed on a region from the contact portion to the protruding portion, an

The support member extends to the position of the projection.

14.. developing device, comprising:

a developer carrying body;

a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrier; and

a developer container for storing a developer,

wherein the developer regulating member is the developer regulating member according to any of claims 1 to 13.

15, kinds of process cartridges detachably mountable to a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising:

a developer carrying body;

a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrier; and

a developer container for storing a developer,

characterized in that the developer regulating member is the developer regulating member according to any of claims 1 to 13.

An electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the kind 16, , comprising:

a developer carrying body;

a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrier; and

a developer container for storing a developer,

characterized in that the developer regulating member is the developer regulating member according to any of claims 1 to 13.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a developer regulating member, a developing device, and a process cartridge for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Background

A developing device used for an image forming apparatus for electrophotography and having a developer bearing body and a developer regulating member is well known. The developer regulating member has a function of forming a thin layer of the developer on a regulating portion in contact with the developer carrier and imparting frictional charge (triboelectric charge) to the developer.

Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2000-39393979 discloses a developer regulating member in which a resin layer is formed on a surface of the developer regulating member, and the resin layer is a copolymer having at least a methyl methacrylate monomer and a nitrogen-containing vinyl-based monomer as monomer components. Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2000-3939393979 discloses that a stable charge having a large charge amount can be supplied to a developer on a developer bearing member by a developer regulating member.

According to the studies of the present inventors, in recent years, even when the developer regulating member according to japanese patent application laid-open No. 2000-3939393979 is used, the developer cannot be uniformly triboelectrically charged with the particle diameter of the developer reduced. The lack of the charge amount of the developer causes fogging in the electrophotographic image.

Disclosure of Invention

Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a developing device capable of forming a high-definition electrophotographic image, yet another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a process cartridge that facilitates forming a high-definition electrophotographic image, yet another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus capable of forming a high-definition electrophotographic image.

According to aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a developer regulating member for regulating a thickness of a developer layer carried on a surface of a developer carrying body, having a regulating portion in contact with a developer, wherein the regulating portion contains a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and the thermoplastic acrylic resin has, on a differential curve (differential onset curve) of a DSC curve obtained when a temperature is raised from-100 ℃ to 150 ℃ using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a temperature rising rate of 20.0 ℃/min, a th endothermic peak having a peak top at +50 ℃ or higher, and a second endothermic peak having a peak top at +20 ℃ or lower.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a developing device including a developer carrying body, a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrying body, and a developer container storing a developer, wherein the developer regulating member is the above-described developer regulating member.

According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a process cartridge detachably mountable to a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the process cartridge including a developer carrying body, a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrying body, and a developer container storing a developer, wherein the developer regulating member is the above-mentioned developer regulating member.

According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including a developer carrying body, a developer regulating member disposed in contact with a surface of the developer carrying body, and a developer container storing a developer, wherein the developer regulating member is the above-described developer regulating member.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a phase separation structure of a thermoplastic acrylic resin.

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the developer regulating member.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of the developer regulating member.

Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing still another example of the developer regulating member.

Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the developing device.

Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the process cartridge.

Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus for manufacturing the developer regulating member.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[ developer regulating Member ]

A developer regulating member is a member that regulates a thickness of a developer layer carried on a surface of a developer carrying body, the developer regulating member having a regulating portion that contacts a developer, the regulating portion containing a thermoplastic acrylic resin having an th endothermic peak and a second endothermic peak on a differential curve of a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve obtained when the temperature is raised from-100 ℃ to 150 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 20.0 ℃/min, the th endothermic peak is an endothermic peak having a peak top above +50 ℃ on the differential curve, and the second endothermic peak is an endothermic peak having a peak top below +20 ℃ on the differential curve, a temperature of the endothermic peak corresponds to a glass transition point on the differential curve.

Thermoplastic acrylic resins

There are at least endothermic peaks at having a peak top at +50 ℃ or more, preferably +100 ℃ or more, and at least second endothermic peaks having a peak top at +20 ℃ or less, preferably 0 ℃ or less, on the differential curve of the thermoplastic acrylic resin, generally, only endothermic peaks having a peak top at +50 ℃ or more, and only endothermic peaks having a peak top at +20 ℃ or less are present on the differential curve.

Examples of the thermoplastic acrylic resin having th endothermic peak and second endothermic peak on the differential curve include i) a thermoplastic acrylic resin comprising a th polymer showing a th endothermic peak and a second polymer showing a second endothermic peak, and ii) a thermoplastic acrylic resin which is a block copolymer having a th high molecular block showing a th endothermic peak and a second high molecular block showing a second endothermic peak.

Hereinafter, the polymer or polymer block generating the th endothermic peak may be referred to as the th component, and the polymer or polymer block generating the second endothermic peak may be referred to as the second component.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a phase separation structure of a thermoplastic acrylic resin in which th component 201 and second component 202 form a phase separation structure, for example, a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is used to observe the phase separation structure.

The present inventors found that when th and second endothermic peaks exist on the differential curve of the thermoplastic acrylic resin contained in the regulating portion, the surface of the developer is uniformly triboelectrically charged to suppress the lack of charge of the developer, and as a result, fogging hardly occurs.

When the developer passes through the developer regulating member in actual use of the developer regulating member, the developer comes into contact with the thermoplastic acrylic resin forming the surface of the regulating portion of the developer regulating member, and the developer rolls on the thermoplastic acrylic resin.

If there is an endothermic peak only at +50 ℃ or higher on the differential curve, the thermoplastic acrylic resin is glassy at a temperature at the time of actual use, for example, room temperature (25 ℃), so that the hardness of the surface of the regulating portion is increased, and as a result, the developer is easily slid. Therefore, the developer moves while sliding only on the surface of the regulating portion during the passage of the developer through the developer regulating member, and the developer hardly rolls on the surface of the regulating portion. Therefore, the surface of the developer is not uniformly triboelectrically charged.

If there is an endothermic peak only at +20 ℃ or lower on the differential curve, the viscosity of the surface of the regulating portion containing the thermoplastic acrylic resin increases, and the developer easily adheres to the surface of the regulating portion. Therefore, the developer adheres to the surface of the regulating portion during the passage of the developer through the developer regulating member, and the developer hardly rolls on the surface of the regulating portion. Therefore, the surface of the developer is not uniformly triboelectrically charged.

The present inventors have found that, when the th and second endothermic peaks are present, the sliding ease and the adhesion of the developer on the regulating portion of the developer regulating member can be designed within an appropriate range.

As described above, the thermoplastic acrylic resin may be, for example, a mixture of i) the th polymer exhibiting the th endothermic peak as described above and a second polymer exhibiting the second endothermic peak when the thermoplastic acrylic resin is such a thermoplastic resin, for example, polymers are dispersed in another polymers in a mixture of the th polymer and the second polymer.

When the thermoplastic acrylic resin is such a block copolymer, the thermoplastic acrylic resin may be, for example, an a-B type block copolymer or an a-B-a type block copolymer, in which the block copolymer includes a polymer block a and a polymer block B in molecules, the polymer block a is derived from a monomer of a single species, and the polymer block B is derived from a monomer of a single species other than a.

Preferably, the thermoplastic acrylic resin is the above ii).

The monomer units constituting the thermoplastic acrylic resin are chemically bonded in the block copolymer. Therefore, even after the block copolymer is made into the regulating portion of the developer regulating member, the microphase separation designed at the time of polymerization can be more stably maintained in the block copolymer. Therefore, in the case of the block copolymer, satisfactory rolling of the developer is easily maintained on the regulating portion, and thus frictional electrification of the surface of the developer is easily and uniformly maintained.

Whether the thermoplastic acrylic resin is a block copolymer can be confirmed by Kendack Mass Defect (KMD) analysis of Mass Spectrum (MS) by measurement such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS).

The th component of the thermoplastic acrylic resin is, for example, the th polymer or the th polymer block synthesized from a methacrylate or acrylate monomer (and having an endothermic peak at +50 ℃ or higher on a differential curve).

Examples of monomers used in the synthesis of component include methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and acrylates such as methyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.

Of these, methyl methacrylate is preferably used as the monomer for synthesizing the th component, that is, it is preferable that the th component includes a repeating unit derived from methyl methacrylate.

Examples of the monomer used for synthesizing the second component include methacrylates such as n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, isopentyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, pentadecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, and 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate; and acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, isopentyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate.

Of these, n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is preferably used as monomer for the synthesis of the second component. That is, it is preferred that the second component includes repeating units derived from n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

When the thermoplastic acrylic resin is a mixture of the th polymer and the second polymer, it is preferable that the th polymer ( th component) has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1X 10⁴Above and 5 × 10⁴The following. In this case, the developer satisfactorily rolls during the passage of the developer through the developer regulating member, so that the surface of the developer is more uniformly triboelectrically charged, and hence the lack of charge of the developer is suppressed.

When the thermoplastic acrylic resin is a mixture of the th polymer and the second polymer, it is preferable that the weight average molecular weight Mw of the second polymer (second component) is 1X 10⁴Above and 1 × 10⁵The following. In this case, the developer satisfactorily rolls during the passage of the developer through the developer regulating member, so that the surface of the developer is more uniformly triboelectrically charged, and hence the lack of charge of the developer is suppressed.

It is preferred that the weight average molecular weight Mw of the block copolymer is 1X 10⁴Above and 9X 10⁵The following. In this case, the developer satisfactorily rolls during the passage of the developer through the developer regulating member, so that the surface of the developer is more uniformly triboelectrically charged, and hence the lack of charge of the developer is suppressed.

It is preferable that the content of the th component is 20% by mass or more and less than 80% by mass based on the total amount of the thermoplastic acrylic resin, and therefore it is preferable that the content of the th polymer based on the total amount of the thermoplastic acrylic resin or the content of the th high molecular block based on the total amount of the block copolymer is within this range.

The material constituting the regulating portion and the supporting member may be the same material, or may be different materials from each other.

Specific examples of the developer regulating member will be described with reference to fig. 2 to 4 the developer carrier 1 shown in fig. 2 to 4 is only a portion thereof the developer carrier 1 is a developer carrying roller, and these figures show a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the developer carrying roller the "lengthwise direction" of the developer carrier 1 and the developer regulating member 2 refers to a direction parallel to the rotational axis of the developer carrying roller (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of fig. 2 to 4).

The developer regulating member 2 includes a regulating portion 3 and a supporting member 4. The supporting member 4 is a plate-like member extending in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying roller. The supporting member 4 brings the regulating portion 3 and the developer into more stable contact with each other, thereby more uniformly triboelectrically charging the developer, and more easily suppressing the lack of charge of the developer. The developer regulating member 2 is fixed to a holder 44 having the fixing point 40 as a fulcrum, and is in contact with the surface of the developer carrier 1. The holder 44 is fixed to a developer container 6 described later. Due to such a configuration, the developer regulating member 2 easily forms an inlet for introducing an appropriate amount of developer between the developer regulating member 2 and the developer carrier 1, and easily forms a uniform developer layer having a sufficient charge amount on the developer carrier. The contact portion 43 is a portion where the regulating portion 3 contacts the surface of the developer carrier 1.

The regulating portion 3 may be disposed at an end portion of the supporting member 4 (fig. 2 and 3), or in the vicinity of the end portion of the supporting member 4 (fig. 4) — specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the regulating portion 3 may be disposed so as to cover an end surface in the width direction of the supporting member 4 (an end surface in the X direction in fig. 2 and 3) — at this time, not only the end surface of the supporting member 4 but also portion that contacts the supporting surface and portion of a surface opposite thereto are covered by the regulating portion 3.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the regulating portion 3 may be formed only on the contact bearing surface. In fig. 4, the adjustment portion 3 is arranged at a predetermined distance from the end surface of the support member 4. Also, when the regulating portion is formed only on the contact bearing surface, the regulating portion 3 can still reach the end surface.

The shape of the contact portion of the regulating portion is not particularly limited, and may be a flat surface, a curved surface, a convex shape, a concave shape, or the like.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the developer regulating member 2 may have a projection 41. the regulating portion 3 is in contact with the developer on the contact portion 43 (the developer carried on the surface of the developer carrier). the projection 41 is a portion extending from the contact portion 43 toward the side (the X direction in fig. 3 and 4) where the developer is supplied to the contact portion 43. a step in the thickness direction of the supporting member (in the Z direction in fig. 3 and 4) is formed on a region from the contact portion 43 to the projection 41. the projection is not in contact with the developer, and the supporting member 4 may extend to a position of the projection 41.

The presence of the projection 41 contributes to the taking-in of the developer between the developer carrier 1 and the developer regulation member 2, and the developer is further -compacted and triboelectrically charged in the taking-in space the developer strongly filled between the surface of the developer carrier 1 and the projection 41 can push the surface of the projection upward.

In the example shown in fig. 3 and 4, the developer regulating member 2 includes a convex portion forming the contact portion 43, the convex portion is an portion of the regulating portion 3 (see fig. 3) or the whole regulating portion 3 (see fig. 4).

[ regulating part ]

The regulating portion for the above-described developer regulating member is formed of a main material which is a resin material containing a thermoplastic acrylic resin, and is formed on the supporting member.

The thickness of the adjustment part 3 on the contact support surface of the support member 4 is preferably 1 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. When the thickness is 1 μm or more, the durability against abrasion caused by friction with the developer bearing member is easily made good. When the thickness is 1000 μm or less, a stable contact pressure between the regulating portion and the developer carrier is easily obtained. The thickness of the regulating portion 3 herein refers to a distance from the contact bearing surface of the bearing member 4 to the contact portion 43.

Specifically, when the regulating portion is formed by extrusion molding, coating molding, sheet lamination molding, injection molding, or the like, the support member coated with the adhesive as needed is placed in a molding die, and a material for the regulating portion that is heated and melted is injected into the molding die and extruded together with the support member .

When forming the regulating portion, an adhesive layer may be formed on the support member if necessary. Examples of the material of the adhesive layer include adhesives such as polyurethane, polyester, Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol (EVA), and polyamide, which are hot melt types.

[ supporting Member ]

Examples of the material of the support member include, but are not particularly limited to, metals such as steel plates surface-treated with chromate, or lubricating resin, stainless steel, phosphor bronze and aluminum; and resins such as acrylic resins, polyethylene resins, and polyester resins. When conductivity is required in the case of using a resin, it is preferable to add a conductive material to the resin.

The thickness (distance in the Z direction in fig. 2 to 4) of the plate-like support member is preferably 0.05mm or more and 3mm or less. In particular, when the support member is a thin plate having a thickness of 0.05mm or more and 0.15mm or less, the support member has appropriate spring characteristics. Therefore, it is easy to bring the regulating portion into contact with the developer bearing body under an appropriate contact pressure, thereby easily regulating the developer on the developer bearing body to an appropriate layer thickness. When the thickness of the supporting member is 0.8mm or more, it is easy to mount the developer regulating member to the developing device, the process cartridge, and the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, set the position thereof, and dispose the developer regulating member without deformation or the like. Therefore, the regulating portion is easily brought into stable contact with the developer carrier under an appropriate contact pressure.

When the material of the support member is metal, the support member may be bent by, for example, pressing; electrochemical machining; electrical discharge machining, laser beam machining, or the like.

When the material of the support member is a thermoplastic resin, the support member may be formed, for example, by extrusion molding or injection molding. Specifically, when the support member is formed by extrusion molding, a thermoplastic resin melted by heating may be injected into a molding die to form the support member. When the support member may be formed by injection molding, a thermoplastic resin may be injected into the mold cavity and cooled to form the support member.

When the obtained developer regulating member is introduced into an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, the developer regulating member may be mounted to the holder 44. The regulating portion 3 of the developer regulating member 2 may be directly engaged (bound) to the holder 44, and as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, may engage the supporting member 4. The joining may be performed by an appropriate method such as the use of an adhesive or welding. For example, when welding the support member 4 to the holder, the support member 4 may be welded by irradiation in a shape of a dot or a line using a YAG laser, a fiber laser, or the like.

[ conductive agent ]

A conductive agent may be contained in the regulating portion, the support member, and the adhesive layer if necessary. Examples of the conductive agent include an ion conductive agent and an electron conductive agent such as carbon black.

Specific examples of the carbon black include "KETJENBLACK" (trade name, produced by LION SPECIALTY chemical co., ltd.), conductive carbon black such as acetylene black, and carbon black for rubbers such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, FT, and MT.

Further, carbon black for color ink subjected to oxidation treatment and pyrolytic carbon black can be used. The amount of carbon black used is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic acrylic resin. The carbon black content of the resin can be measured using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) apparatus.

Examples of the electron conductive agent that can be used in addition to the above-described carbon black include the following: graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; metal powders such as copper, nickel, iron, and aluminum; metal oxide powders such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and tin oxide; and conductive high molecular compounds such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polyacetylene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, if necessary.

Examples of the ion conductive agent include the following:

perchlorates, chlorates, hydrochlorides, bromates, iodates, fluoroborates, trifluoromethylsulfates, sulfonates or bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salts containing ammonium ions such as tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, lauryltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium or modified aliphatic dimethylethylammonium; and

including alkali metal or alkaline earth metal perchlorates, chlorates, hydrochlorides, bromates, iodates, fluoroborates, trifluoromethylsulfates, sulfonates or bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salts such as lithium, sodium, calcium or magnesium.

Alkali metal or ammonium ions of trifluoromethyl sulfate and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salt is particularly preferred. These salts are preferable because they have a fluorine-containing structure in the anion and have a large conductivity-imparting effect. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, if necessary.

In addition, a charge control agent, a lubricant, a filler, an antioxidant and an age resistor may be incorporated into the regulating portion, the supporting member and the adhesive layer as long as the functions of the above-described resin and the conductive agent are not hindered.

[ developing apparatus ]

Fig. 5 shows an example of the developing device. The developing device 9 includes: a developer container 6 that stores developer 34; a developer carrier 1 that conveys the developer 34; and a developer regulating member 2 that regulates the thickness of the developer layer on the surface of the developer carrier 1. The developer supply roller 7 and the like may be included if necessary.

In such a developing device 9, when the developer supply roller 7 rotates in the direction of arrow c, the developer carrier 1 rotates in the direction of arrow b, thereby pressing the developer 34 against the developer carrier 1.

With the rotation of the developer carrier 1 in the direction of arrow b, the developer 34 pressed on the developer carrier enters between the developer regulating member 2 and the developer carrier 1. When the developer 34 passes therethrough, the developer 34 is rubbed by the surface of the developer carrier 1 and the regulating portion 3 of the developer regulating member 2 and is thus charged.

The charged developer 34 forms a thin layer on the surface of the developer carrier 1, and is conveyed out from the developer container 6 with the rotation of the developer carrier 1. The developer on the surface of the developer carrier 1 moves to and adheres to an electrostatic latent image of a photoconductor (electrostatic latent image carrier) 5 rotating in the direction of arrow a, which is developed into a developer image (toner image) and visualized. The developer that is not consumed by the development of the electrostatic latent image and thus remains on the developer carrier 1 is recovered in the developer container 6 from the lower portion of the developer carrier with the rotation of the developer carrier 1, and is peeled off from the developer carrier 1 at the nip portion with the developer supply roller 7. By the rotation of the developer supply roller 7, new developer 34 in the developer container is simultaneously supplied to the developer carrier 1. Meanwhile, most of the developer 34 peeled off from the developer carrier 1 is conveyed to the developer container 6 and mixed with the developer therein with the rotation of the developer supply roller 7, and the charged electric charges thereof are dispersed.

[ treatment case ]

The process cartridge has a developing device, and is configured to be detachably mounted to a main body of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus. Fig. 6 shows an example of the process cartridge.

The process cartridge shown in fig. 6 has -integrated developing device 9, photosensitive body 5, cleaning device 12, and charging device 11, and is detachably provided on the main body of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus the same device as the image forming unit of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus described below can be used as the developing device 9, in addition to the above configuration, the process cartridge can be configured to be provided with -integrated with the above-described member , a transfer member or the like that transfers the developer image on the photosensitive body to a recording material.

[ electrophotographic image forming apparatus ]

The electrophotographic image forming apparatus has a developing device. Fig. 7 shows an example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

In fig. 7, image forming units a to d are provided as color developers of yellow toner (developer), magenta toner (developer), cyan toner (developer), and black toner (developer), respectively. Photoreceptors 5 as electrostatic latent image carriers that rotate in the directions of arrows are provided in the respective image forming units a to d. Around each of the photosensitive bodies 5, a charging device 11 for uniformly charging each photosensitive body 5, an exposure unit which is not shown and irradiates the photosensitive body 5 subjected to a charging process with a laser beam 10 to form an electrostatic latent image, and a developing device 9 which supplies a developer to the photosensitive body 5 forming the electrostatic latent image and develops the electrostatic latent image are provided.

Meanwhile, a transfer conveyance belt 20 for conveying a recording material 22 such as paper fed by a feed roller 23 is provided and suspended on the drive roller 16, the driven roller 21, and the tension roller 19. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus is configured to apply electric charge from an attraction bias power source 25 to the transfer conveyance belt 20 by an attraction roller 24, and electrostatically adhere the recording material 22 to the surface of the transfer conveyance belt 20 to convey the recording material 22. The transfer conveyance belt 20 can move while being synchronized with the image forming units a to d.

A transfer bias power source 18 is provided which applies electric charges to transfer the developer images on the photosensitive bodies 5 of the respective image forming units a to d to the recording material 22. A transfer bias is applied by a transfer roller 17 disposed at the rear surface of the transfer conveyance belt 20. the developer images of the respective colors formed in the image forming units a to d are superimposed on the recording material 22 conveyed by the transfer conveyance belt 20 and transferred to the recording material 22 by one.

A fixing device 15 for fixing the developer images superimposed and transferred on the recording material 22 by heating or the like and a conveying device (not shown) for discharging the recording material 22 having the images formed thereon from the device are further provided in the color electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Meanwhile, a cleaning device 12 having a cleaning blade for removing the residual developer that is not transferred to each of the photosensitive bodies 5 and thus remains thereon and cleaning the surface thereof is provided in each image forming unit. The cleaned photoconductor 5 becomes a state where an image can be formed so as to stand by.

A developer container 6 for storing a developer is provided in the developing device 9 provided in each of the above-described image forming units. The developer carrier 1 is provided in the developing device 9 so as to block the opening of the developer container and to be opposed to the photosensitive body 5 in a portion exposed from the developer container.

A developer supply roller 7 for scraping off the developer that is not used but remains on the developer support 1 after development while supplying the developer 34 to the developer support 1 is provided in the developer container. A developer regulating member 2 that forms a film of the developer on the developer carrier 1 and triboelectrically charges the developer is provided in the developer container. They are disposed in contact with the respective developer carriers 1. The developer carrier 1 and the developer supply roller 7 rotate in the forward direction.

A predetermined voltage from the developer carrier bias power source 14 is applied to the developer carrier 1. A predetermined voltage from the developer regulating member bias power source 13 is applied to the developer regulating member 2.

[ E-spark method ]

As a method for measuring the change in the charge of the developer, it is known to measure the distribution of the charge amount by the E-spark method using a laser Doppler charge measurement method (trade name: E-spark analyzer, manufactured by HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION). Since the charge amount of the charged developer is measured in the air flow in the E-spark method, useful information for grasping the development state is obtained. The E-spark method is particularly effective as a technique for evaluating fogging caused by lack of charge of the developer. According to the study of the present inventors, a good correlation was obtained between the proportion (%) of the number of low-friction charge developer particles having a peak charge amount of 30% or less and fogging caused by lack of charge of the developer.

According to the aspects of the present disclosure, a developer regulating member capable of generating a uniform frictional charge even on a developer having a small particle diameter can be obtained according to the other aspect of the present disclosure, a developing device capable of forming a high-definition electrophotographic image can be obtained according to the still other aspect of the present disclosure, a process cartridge which facilitates formation of a high-definition electrophotographic image can be obtained according to the still other aspect of the present disclosure, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus capable of forming a high-definition electrophotographic image can be obtained.