Staggered design for new radio unlicensed spectrum operation
阅读说明：本技术 用于新无线电未授权频谱操作的交错设计 (Staggered design for new radio unlicensed spectrum operation ) 是由 郭君玄 桂建卿 蔡秋薇 张铭博 于 2019-04-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：描述了用于新无线电未授权频谱(NR-U)操作的交错设计的技术和示例。装置(例如,用户设备)将多个资源分配给多个交错,使得当多个资源不能均匀地分布在所有多个交错中时,多个资源中的一个或多个剩余资源被分配给多个交错中的一个或多个交错。然后,该装置使用块交错频分多址(B-IFDMA)的多个资源,在NR-U中执行到无线网络的UL传输。(Techniques and examples of a staggered design for new radio unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) operation are described. An apparatus (e.g., a user equipment) allocates a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces. The apparatus then performs UL transmission to the wireless network in the NR-U using a plurality of resources of block interleaved frequency division multiple access (B-IFDMA).)
1. A method, comprising:
allocating, by a processor of an apparatus, a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces; and
performing, by the processor, an uplink, UL, transmission to a wireless network in a new radio unlicensed spectrum NR-U utilizing the plurality of resources of block interleaved frequency division multiple Access, B-IFDMA.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocating comprises allocating according to a predefined configuration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the assigning comprises:
dynamically receiving a configuration from the wireless network; and
allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces according to the configuration received from the wireless network.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces comprises: allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces to meet an occupied channel bandwidth (Bo) requirement such that:
wherein:
af denotes a sub-carrier spacing,
b denotes a nominal channel bandwidth and B denotes a nominal channel bandwidth,
m denotes the number of subcarriers per block,
n denotes the number of interlaces per symbol, and
NRBrepresenting the total number of resource blocks RB per symbol.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces further comprises:
selecting a value of M;
for N ═ 1 to (12 × N)RB/M), drawing Bo (N); and
the maximum value of N is determined such that bo (N) > γ.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein γ ═ 0.8.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces further comprises:
selecting a value of N;
plotting bo (M) against the M range of interest; and
the maximum value of M is determined such that bo (M) > γ.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein γ ═ 0.8.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U comprises: performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U with an occupied channel bandwidth of at least 80%.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U comprises: performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U at a maximum power spectral density PSD level that does not exceed 10 dbm/MHz.
11. An apparatus, comprising:
a transceiver that, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a wireless network; and
a processor coupled to the transceiver such that, during operation, the processor performs the following:
allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces; and
performing an uplink, UL, transmission to the wireless network in a new radio unlicensed spectrum, NR-U, utilizing the plurality of resources of block interleaved frequency division multiple Access, B-IFDMA.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein in allocating, the processor allocates according to a predefined configuration.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein, when allocating, the processor performs the following:
dynamically receiving a configuration from the wireless network; and
allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces according to the configuration received from the wireless network.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein in allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces, the processor allocates the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces to meet an occupied channel bandwidth (Bo) requirement such that:
wherein:
af denotes a sub-carrier spacing,
b denotes a nominal channel bandwidth and B denotes a nominal channel bandwidth,
m denotes the number of subcarriers per block,
n denotes the number of interlaces per symbol, and
NRBrepresenting the total number of resource blocks RB per symbol.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein in allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces, the processor is further to:
selecting a value of M;
for N ═ 1 to (12 × N)RB/M), drawing Bo (N); and
the maximum value of N is determined such that bo (N) > γ.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein γ ═ 0.8.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein in allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces, the processor is further to:
selecting a value of N;
plotting bo (M) against the M range of interest; and
the maximum value of M is determined such that bo (M) > γ.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein γ ═ 0.8.
19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor performs UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U with an occupied channel bandwidth of at least 80% while performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U.
20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor performs UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U at a maximum power spectral density PSD level of no more than 10dbm/MHz when performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to mobile communications and, more particularly, to an interleaved (interlace) design for New Radio (NR) unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) operation.
Background
Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims set forth below and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
For NR communication systems operating in the 5GHz unlicensed band, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) regulations require a maximum Power Spectral Density (PSD) level of 10dbm/MHz and an Occupied Channel Bandwidth (OCB) of at least 80% (and up to 100%) of the nominal channel bandwidth. In enhanced Licensed Assisted Access (eLAA) of Long-term evolution (LTE), block-interleaved frequency-division multiple Access (B-IFDMA) is introduced for Uplink (UL) transmission to meet the requirements of ETSI for OCB and maximum PSD levels, while maintaining a Transmit (TX) signal power level that can support a desired cell coverage.
Disclosure of Invention
The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, points, benefits and advantages of novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Selected implementations are further described in the detailed description below. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one aspect, a method may involve allocating, by a processor of an apparatus, a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces. The method may also involve performing, by the processor, UL transmissions to the wireless network in the NR-U using the plurality of resources of the B-IFDMA.
In one aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver and a processor coupled to the transceiver. During operation, the transceiver may communicate wirelessly with the wireless network. During operation, the processor may perform the following operations: (a) allocating a plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces; (b) a plurality of resources utilizing B-IFDMA perform UL transmissions to the wireless network via the transceiver in the NR-U.
It is noteworthy that although the description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as 5G NR, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variants/derivatives thereof may be implemented in, for and through other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, but not limited to, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, LTE-a Pro and Internet of Things (IoT). Accordingly, the scope of the disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, since some components may be shown out of proportion to actual implementation dimensions in order to clearly illustrate the concepts of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an example scenario according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an example system according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matter are disclosed herein. However, it is to be understood that the disclosed detailed embodiments and implementations are merely exemplary of the claimed subject matter embodied in various forms. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the example embodiments and implementations set forth herein. These exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the following description, details of well-known features and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments and implementations of the invention.
SUMMARY
Fig. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to part (a) of fig. 1, scenario 100 may involve User Equipment (UE)110 wirelessly communicating with wireless network 120 (e.g., a fifth generation (5G) NR mobile network) in an NR-U via a base station or network node 125 (e.g., a gNB or transmit-receive point (TRP)). In scenario 100, UE 110 may wirelessly communicate with wireless network 120 via base station 125 using an interleaved design for NR-U operation based on one or more aspects set forth in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of one proposed solution according to the present disclosure is provided with reference to part (a), part (B), and part (C) of fig. 1.
Referring to part (B) of FIG. 1, whenThe previous eLAA B-IFDMA design involves some key parameters, denoted herein as M, l, N and NRB. Here, M denotes the number of subcarriers per block (block) (e.g., M ═ 12 for eLAA), l denotes the number of blocks per interlace (e.g., l ═ 10 for eLAA), N denotes the number of interlaces per symbol (e.g., N ═ 10 for eLAA), NRBRepresenting the total number of Resource Blocks (RBs) per symbol (e.g., N for eLAARB100). However, when N isRBWhen the number is not an integer multiple of N, one or more remaining (remaining) RBs will be unused, thereby reducing resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the current eLAA B-IFDMA design cannot be applied to arbitrary orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) parameter sets (numerologies) while still meeting OCB requirements.
Mathematically, the B-IFDMA map (mapping) under the current eLAA B-IFDMA design can be represented as follows:
S(n)＝{M(Nl+n)+m|0≤m＜M，0≤l＜floor(NRB/N)}
under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure, a new B-IFDMA mapping may be utilized such that all available RBs may be used to construct an interlace. Furthermore, according to the proposed scheme, it can be guaranteed that each interlace satisfies the OCB requirements. Referring to part (C) of fig. 1, the new B-IFDMA mapping under the proposed scheme may allocate all remaining RBs (if any) to one or more existing interlaces. This assignment may be based on predefined rules or patterns. Alternatively, such allocation may be dynamically configured by the wireless network. That is, the remaining Q RBs may be allocated to the first Q interlaces. For example, in the case where a total of 106 resources are to be allocated to 10 interlaces, 6 resources will remain after each interlace is allocated with 10 resources. According to the proposed scheme, the remaining 6 resources may be allocated to the first 6 of the 10 interlaces. Thus, each of the first 6 interlaces will be allocated 11 resources, while each of the remaining 4 interlaces will be allocated 10 resources.
Mathematically, the B-IFDMA mapping according to the proposed scheme can be expressed as follows:
sl(n)＝{M(Nl+n)+m|0≤m＜M，0≤l≤(NRB-n-1)/N}
according to the proposed solution, the B-IFDMA design criteria that comply with OCB requirements can be expressed as follows:
here, Δ f denotes a subcarrier spacing, and B denotes a nominal channel bandwidth. Under the proposed scheme, Bo needs to be greater than γ in view of OCB requirements (e.g., γ ═ 0.8, where γ stands for OCB).
Under the proposed scheme, there are some design criteria for N. For example, the value of M may be selected first (e.g., for RB-based interleaving design, M-12), and may be for N-1 through (12 × N)RB/M) to plot Bo (N), and then the maximum value of N can be determined, such that Bo (N)>γ。
Under the proposed scheme, there are some design criteria for M. For example, the value of N may be selected first (e.g., for 10 interlaces, N ═ 10), and bo (M) may be plotted for the range of M of interest, and then the maximum value of M may be determined such that bo (M) > γ.
Thus, under the proposed scheme, with respect to resource mapping in the B-IFDMA design, when the available resources cannot be evenly distributed among all interlaces, the remaining resources can be allocated to a subset of all interlaces through a predetermined or dynamic configuration. Regarding the design criteria for OCB compliance, an analytical formula (close form format) for OCB calculation may be provided. Additionally, based on this formula, the OCB may be evaluated in terms of various design parameters in order to select appropriate values for the design parameters to meet the OCB requirements.
Illustrative implementations
Fig. 2 illustrates an example system 200 having at least an example apparatus 210 and an example apparatus 220 in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Each of the devices 210 and 220 may perform various functions to implement the herein described schemes, techniques, processes and methods for staggered design of NR-U operation, including the various designs, concepts, schemes of systems presented above and the process 200 described below. For example, apparatus 210 may be an example implementation of UE 110 and apparatus 220 may be an example implementation of base station 125.
Both device 210 and device 220 may be part of an electronic device, which may be a UE (e.g., UE 110), such as a portable or mobile device, a wearable device, a wireless communication device, or a computing device. For example, apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may each be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing device such as a tablet computer, laptop computer, or notebook computer. Both device 210 and device 220 may also be part of a machine-type device, which may be an IoT device, such as a non-mobile or fixed device, a home device, a wired communication device, or a computing device. For example, both device 210 and device 220 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart refrigerator, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. When apparatus 210 and/or apparatus 220 are implemented in or as network apparatuses, they may be implemented in a base station (e.g., base station 125), such as an eNB in an LTE, LTE-a, or LTE-APro network, or a gNB or TRP in a 5G network NR network or an IoT network.
In some implementations, both the apparatus 210 and the apparatus 220 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In various aspects described above, both apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 may be implemented or realized as a network apparatus or a UE. Both device 210 and device 220 may include at least some of those components shown in fig. 2, e.g., processor 212 and processor 222, among others. The apparatus 210 and the apparatus 220 may also include one or more other components (e.g., an internal power source, a display device, and/or a user interface device) that are not relevant to the proposed solution of the present disclosure, and therefore, for the sake of simplicity and brevity, these components of the apparatus 210 and the apparatus 220 are not described in fig. 2 below.
In one aspect, each of processor 212 and processor 222 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though the singular term "processor" is used herein to refer to the processor 212 and the processor 222, each of the processor 212 and the processor 222 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of the processors 212 and 222 may be implemented in hardware (and optionally firmware) having electronic components including, for example, but not limited to, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors (memrisors) configured and arranged to achieve a particular purpose, and/or one or more varactors. In other words, in at least some embodiments, each of the processor 212 and the processor 222 may be dedicated devices specifically designed, arranged, and configured to perform specific tasks including tasks related to the interleaved design for NR-U operation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
In some implementations, the apparatus 210 can also include a transceiver 216 coupled to the processor 212 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, the apparatus 220 can also include a transceiver 226 coupled to the processor 222 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data.
In some implementations, the apparatus 210 can also include a memory 214, the memory 214 being coupled to the processor 212 and having data therein accessible by the processor 212. In some implementations, the apparatus 220 may also include a memory 224, the memory 224 being coupled to the processor 222 and having data therein accessible by the processor 222. Each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (dram), static RAM (sram), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and/or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM). Alternatively or additionally, each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a read-only memory (ROM), such as a mask ROM, a programmable ROM (prom), an erasable programmable ROM (eprom), and/or an electrically erasable programmable ROM (eeprom). Alternatively or additionally, each of memory 214 and memory 224 may include a non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (mram), and/or phase-change memory.
Each of the apparatus 210 and the apparatus 220 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes according to the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes, and not limitation, the capabilities of device 210 as a UE and device 220 as a base station of a serving cell of a wireless network (e.g., a 5G/NR mobile network) are described below. It is noted that although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of a UE, they may be implemented in and performed by a base station. Thus, although the following description of example implementations refers to the apparatus 210 being a UE (e.g., UE 110), the same applies to the apparatus 220 being a network node or base station, e.g., a gNB, TRP, or eNodeB (e.g., base station 125) of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 120) such as a 5G NR mobile network.
Under the proposed scheme for the interleaved design of NR-U operation according to the present disclosure, processor 212 of apparatus 210 may allocate a plurality of resources to the plurality of interleaves such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed across all of the plurality of interleaves, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interleaves. Further, processor 212 may perform UL transmissions to the wireless network via means 220 in the NR-U using the plurality of resources of the B-IFDMA via transceiver 216.
In some implementations, in the allocating, the processor 212 may allocate according to a predefined configuration.
In some implementations, the processor 212 may perform some operations in the allocation. For example, the processor 212 may dynamically receive the configuration from the wireless network via the device 220. In addition, the processor 212 may allocate a plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces according to a configuration received from the wireless network.
In some implementations, when allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces, processor 212 may allocate the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces to meet an occupied channel bandwidth (Bo) requirement such that:
here, Δ f may represent a subcarrier spacing, B may represent a nominal channel bandwidth, M may represent a number of subcarriers per block, N may represent a number of interlaces per symbol, and N may represent a number of interlaces per symbolRBThe total number of Resource Blocks (RBs) per symbol may be represented.
In some implementations, the processor 212 may perform some operations when allocating multiple resources to multiple interlaces. For example, the processor 212 may select the value of M. In addition, the processor 212 may address N ═ 1 to (12 × N)RBand/M) drawing Bo (N). In addition, processor 212 may determine a maximum value for N, such that Bo (N)>And gamma. In some embodiments, γ is 0.8.
In some implementations, the processor 212 may perform some operations when allocating multiple resources to multiple interlaces. For example, the processor 212 may select the value of N. Further, the processor 212 may plot bo (M) for the M range of interest. Further, processor 212 may determine a maximum value of M such that bo (M) > γ. In some embodiments, γ is 0.8.
In some implementations, the processor 212 can perform UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-U with at least 80% of the OCB while performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-U.
In some implementations, the processor 212 can perform UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-us at a maximum PSD level of no more than 10dbm/MHz while performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-us.
Illustrative Process
Fig. 3 illustrates an example process 300 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 300 may represent aspects of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 300 may represent one aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes related to the interleaved design of NR-U operations. Process 300 may include one or more operations, steps, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 310 and 320. While shown as discrete blocks, the various blocks of the process 300 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Further, the blocks/subframes of process 300 may be performed in the order shown in fig. 3, or may be performed in a different order. Further, one or more blocks/sub-blocks of process 300 may be performed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 300 may be implemented in or by apparatus 210 and apparatus 220 and any variations thereof. For illustrative purposes only and not by way of limitation, process 300 is described below in the context of device 210 being a UE (e.g., UE 110) and device 220 being a base station (e.g., base station 125) of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 120), which may be, for example, a 5G/NR mobile network. Process 300 may begin at block 310.
At 310, process 300 may involve processor 212 of apparatus 210 allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces such that when the plurality of resources are not evenly distributed among all of the plurality of interlaces, one or more remaining resources of the plurality of resources are allocated to one or more of the plurality of interlaces. Process 300 may proceed from 310 to 320.
At 320, process 300 may involve processor 212 performing, via transceiver 216, a UL transmission to a wireless network via device 220 in a NR-U using a plurality of resources of B-IFDMA.
In some implementations, in the allocating, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 allocating according to a predefined configuration.
In some implementations, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 performing some operation in the assignment. For example, process 300 may involve processor 212 dynamically receiving a configuration from a wireless network via device 220. Additionally, process 300 may involve processor 212 allocating a plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces according to a configuration received from the wireless network.
In some implementations, in allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces, process 300 may involve processor 212 allocating the plurality of resources to the plurality of interlaces to meet an occupied channel bandwidth (Bo) requirement such that:
here, Δ f may represent a subcarrier spacing, B may represent a nominal channel bandwidth, M may represent a number of subcarriers per block, N may represent a number of interlaces per symbol, and N may represent a number of interlaces per symbolRBThe total number of Resource Blocks (RBs) per symbol may be represented.
In some implementations, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 performing some operation when allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces. For example, process 300 may involve processor 212 selecting a value of M. Additionally, process 300 may involve processor 212 being dedicated to N-1 through (12 × N)RBand/M) drawing Bo (N). Further, process 300 may involve processor 212 determining a maximum value for N, such that Bo (N)>And gamma. In some embodiments, γ is 0.8.
In some implementations, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 performing some operation when allocating a plurality of resources to a plurality of interlaces. For example, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 selecting a value of N. Further, the process 300 may involve the processor 212 plotting bo (M) against the M range of interest. Further, process 300 may involve processor 212 determining a maximum value of M such that bo (M) > γ. In some embodiments, γ is 0.8.
In some implementations, process 300 may involve processor 212 performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-U with at least 80% of the OCB when performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-U.
In some implementations, when performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-us, process 300 may involve processor 212 performing UL transmissions to the wireless network in NR-us at a maximum PSD level of no more than 10 dbm/MHz.
Supplementary notes
The subject matter described herein sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, independently of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Particular examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
Furthermore, with respect to the use of any plural and/or singular terms herein in a great number, those having ordinary skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. For clarity, various singular/plural reciprocity may be explicitly set forth herein.
In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms, e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" introduced into the claim recitation. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a and/or" an "should be interpreted to mean" at least one "or" one or more "), the same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce a claim recitation. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Further, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "A, B or at least one of C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B and C together, etc.). It will also be understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative items, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the items, either of the items, or both items. For example, the phrase "a or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "a" or "B" or "a and B".
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without deviating from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.