阅读说明：本技术 一种制革过程中进行去肉操作的方法 (Method for fleshing in tanning process ) 是由 张金伟 税科林 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的一种制革过程中进行去肉操作的方法,其特征在于该去肉操作包括以下过程：需要进行去肉操作的原料皮肉面向上平铺于木板上,利用钉子将皮固定在木板上；用装有碗型钢丝轮的可调速磨光机对固定后的原料皮肉面进行打磨,打磨过程中磨光机在同一位置停留时间不得超过2″,如遇到一次打磨不能将肉膜完全除去,可进行反复打磨,但每次打磨相同位置时时间间隔应不小于10″,钢丝轮与原料皮间夹角为10-45°,通过操作磨光机将原料皮肉面上的肉膜完全除尽,即完成去肉操作。本发明提供的去肉方法效率高、去肉过程中原料皮破损率低、操作人员劳动强度小、固定资产投入小,具有良好的实用性。(The invention provides a method for carrying out fleshing operation in a tanning process, which is characterized in that the fleshing operation comprises the following steps: the raw material skin to be fleshed is flatly paved on the wood board with the flesh side facing upwards, and the skin is fixed on the wood board by utilizing nails; and polishing the fixed raw material skin and meat surface by using an adjustable-speed polishing machine provided with a bowl-shaped steel wire wheel, wherein the stay time of the polishing machine at the same position in the polishing process is not more than 2 ', if the meat membrane cannot be completely removed by one-time polishing, the polishing can be repeatedly performed, the time interval of polishing the same position every time is not less than 10', the included angle between the steel wire wheel and the raw material skin is 10-45 deg., and the meat membrane on the raw material skin and meat surface is completely removed by operating the polishing machine, thus finishing the meat removal operation. The fleshing method provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, low damage rate of raw material skin in the fleshing process, low labor intensity of operators, low investment of fixed assets and good practicability.)

1. A method for carrying out a fleshing operation in a tanning process, characterized in that the fleshing operation comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that raw material skins to be fleshed are flatly laid on a wood board with the flesh side facing upwards, the skins are fixed on the wood board by utilizing nails, in the nail fixing process, when nails are nailed into the skins but not the wood board, the nails are pulled by hands to enable the skins to be more stretched and flatly laid on the wood board, the position of each nail on the skins is about 0.5-1.0cm away from the edge of the raw material skins, and the distance between the nails is 10-40 cm; and polishing the fixed raw material skin and meat surface by using an adjustable-speed polishing machine provided with a bowl-shaped steel wire wheel, wherein the stay time of the polishing machine at the same position in the polishing process is not more than 2 ', if the meat membrane cannot be completely removed by one-time polishing, the polishing can be repeatedly performed, the time interval of polishing the same position every time is not less than 10', the included angle between the steel wire wheel and the raw material skin is 10-45 deg., and the meat membrane on the raw material skin and meat surface is completely removed by operating the polishing machine, thus finishing the meat removal operation.

2. A method of fleshing operations in a tanning process as recited in claim 1, wherein the bowl-shaped wire wheel has a diameter of any one of 85mm, 90mm or 100mm and a height of any one of 33mm or 42 mm.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire wheel is made of any one of steel wire, stainless steel wire or copper-plated steel wire, and the diameter of the steel wire is 0.2mm or 0.3 mm.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable speed polishing machine is operated at 600-13000 rpm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the raw skin is any one of crocodile skin, sturgeon skin, shark skin, ostrich skin, lizard skin, or boa skin.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hides are any of fresh hides, salted hides, hides after soaking or hides expanded by liming.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of leather processing processes, and particularly relates to a method for fleshing special leather in a leather making process.

Background

Fat is a substance required to be removed in the tanning processing process, and the fat in the raw hide can prevent the raw hide from carrying out substance exchange with bath liquid in each procedure in the tanning processing process, so that the penetration speed of leather chemical materials into the skin is reduced, the tanning production period is prolonged, and the production efficiency is reduced. More importantly, if a large amount of grease exists in the raw hide, fatty acid generated after the grease is hydrolyzed reacts with lime (calcium hydroxide) used in liming and a metal salt tanning agent used in a tanning process to form water-insoluble metal soap, so that the subsequent penetration of leather chemical materials into the leather is prevented, and spots of fatty acid salt are formed on the surface of the leather possibly to influence the quality of finished leather. Therefore, in the tanning process, degreasing is indispensable, and particularly for the raw hide with high grease content, degreasing is more important.

Fleshing is one of the important mechanical operations in a tanning process by which the subcutaneous tissue of the hide can be removed, rupturing the fat cells in the hide, advantageously reducing the fat content of the hide, and making the fat in the hide easier to remove in subsequent operations. The currently widely used fleshing method in the tanning industry is to use a fleshing machine to remove meat, and the fleshing machine can remove subcutaneous tissues, namely fat cell rupture, by cutting the naked skin flesh surface through a spiral knife bar rotating at a high speed. However, because the spiral knife roll of the fleshing machine is made of metal, the feed roll of the fleshing machine is also made of metal, although the feed roll is made of rubber, in order to ensure that the knife roll has certain pressure on the skin in the fleshing process, the rubber of the feed roll is also hard, so that the fleshing machine is used for fleshing to ensure that the skin is soft, the thickness difference of the whole naked skin cannot be too large, wrinkles or bulges cannot exist, and the naked skin can be broken in the fleshing process by a person or not, so that the application value of leather making is lost.

However, some rare animal skins are due to animal characteristics, and the surface of the naked skin is often provided with protrusions, such as a protruded fleshy vest on the dorsal line of crocodile skin and five hard bone scales on sturgeon skin; some raw material skins are very uneven due to special grain surface structures, such as scales on python skins, particularly scales on abdomens are very large, the thickness is greatly changed, and pores of ostrich skins are obviously raised. The raw leather is not suitable for mechanical fleshing by a fleshing machine, but the raw leather is often rich in grease, the meat cannot be removed, the subsequent tanning processing cannot be carried out, and even if corresponding operation is forcibly carried out, the quality of finished leather is poor. When the fleshing machine cannot be used for fleshing, the curved knife is often used for fleshing, but the curved knife has low fleshing efficiency and poor fleshing effect. More importantly, if the thickness of the raw material skin changes greatly or the raw material skin has a soft and hard alternating region, the naked skin is easily scratched when the meat is removed by the curved knife, and the value of the raw material skin is greatly reduced.

Therefore, the development of a method which has high efficiency and good fleshing effect and can carry out fleshing on special raw hide is a necessary way to produce high-quality leather products by using the raw hide.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventor discovers that a cutter roller or a bent cutter needs to have a certain angle with the surface of the naked skin and a certain pressure is needed between the meat removing cutter and the naked skin in the meat removing process through carefully researching the disclosed tanning meat removing method and the leather machining principle, so that a certain cutting or tearing force is generated, the subcutaneous tissue is peeled off, and the fat cells are cracked. However, the pressure between the fleshing knife and the naked skin is too large, so that the knife cannot be used for fleshing the skin with large thickness change or large hardness change of the naked skin. The naked skin to be fleshed is fixed on a wood board and then is polished by an adjustable speed polishing machine provided with a bowl-shaped steel wire wheel, because the skin is fixed, the naked belt cannot be run by the steel wire wheel rotating at a high speed, a fleshing operator can apply certain pressure to the naked skin by controlling the polishing machine, meanwhile, subcutaneous tissues can be removed by the shearing action generated by the high-speed rotation of the steel wire wheel, fat cells are damaged, and the purpose of fleshing is achieved. The position between the polishing machine and the naked skin can be adjusted by manual control in the fleshing process, the pressure is controlled, the pressure cannot be too high in a thick place, and the naked skin is not easy to abrade in a hard place.

The nail plate drying method in the leather making process is adopted by nails, so that the naked skin to be fleshed can be flatly laid and fixed on the wood plate, and the fleshed operation is convenient. The position of each nail on the skin is about 0.5-1.0cm apart from the marginal edge of raw materials skin, generally speaking, the skin nail that thickness is great, intensity is good is apart from the marginal about 0.5cm of raw materials skin and can guarantee to remove the meat in-process nail and not pulled out, thinner skin nail needs to have 1.0cm apart from the marginal edge of raw materials skin, just can guarantee to remove the hole that the in-process nail followed closely and not destroyed, under the hole that the assurance nail followed closely and does not go out destroyed prerequisite, the hole should be close the better from the skin edge, the available area of finished product leather just so is the bigger. The distance between the nails is 10-40cm, generally the thin skin is taken off the production line, the thick skin is taken from the upper limit, on the premise of ensuring that the holes nailed by the nails are not damaged, the larger the distance between the holes is, the better the distance is, and the larger the available area of the finished leather is. The rotation speed of the polishing machine is 600-13000rpm, the thin skin is generally taken off the line to prevent the naked skin from being damaged, and the thick skin is taken off the upper limit, thus achieving better meat removing effect.

The included angle between the steel wire wheel and the raw material skin is 10-45 degrees, the angle of the place with a thinner meat membrane is smaller, and the angle of the place with a thicker meat membrane or a place with scales is larger, so that the purpose of removing subcutaneous tissues can be better achieved, and under the same condition, the smaller the angle is, the faster the meat removing speed is. The residence time of the polishing machine at the same position in the polishing process is not more than 2 ', if the meat membrane cannot be completely removed by one-time polishing, repeated polishing can be carried out, but the time interval is not less than 10' when the same position is polished each time, so that the collagen of the pelts is prevented from being heated and denatured by heat generated by friction, and the quality of the finished leather is influenced.

Based on the above research, the inventors provide a method for performing a fleshing operation in a tanning process, characterized in that the fleshing operation comprises the following processes: the method comprises the following steps that raw material skins to be fleshed are flatly laid on a wood board with the flesh side facing upwards, the skins are fixed on the wood board through nails, in the nail fixing process, when nails are nailed into the skins but not into the wood board, the nails are pulled by hands to enable the skins to be more stretched and flatly laid on the wood board, the position of each nail on the skins is about 0.5-1.0cm away from the edge of the raw material skins, and the distance between the nails is 10-40 cm; and polishing the fixed raw material skin and meat surface by using an adjustable-speed polishing machine provided with a bowl-shaped steel wire wheel, wherein the stay time of the polishing machine at the same position in the polishing process is not more than 2 ', if the meat membrane cannot be completely removed by one-time polishing, the polishing can be repeatedly performed, the time interval of polishing the same position every time is not less than 10', the included angle between the steel wire wheel and the raw material skin is 10-45 deg., and the meat membrane on the raw material skin and meat surface is completely removed by operating the polishing machine, thus finishing the meat removal operation.

Wherein, the diameter of the bowl-shaped steel wire wheel is any one of 85mm, 90mm or 100mm, and the height of the steel wire wheel is any one of 33mm or 42 mm; the steel wire wheel is made of any one of steel wires, stainless steel wires or copper-plated steel wires, and the diameter of each steel wire is 0.2mm or 0.3 mm; the rotating speed of the adjustable speed polishing machine is 600 plus 13000 rpm. The raw material skin for removing meat by the method is any one of crocodile skin, sturgeon skin, shark skin, ostrich skin, lizard skin or boa skin; the raw leather is any one of fresh leather, salt-wet leather, raw leather after a soaking process or raw leather after liming and expansion.

The method provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. the efficiency is high, 15-20 pieces of meat can be removed per hour, compared with the curved knife, the meat removing efficiency can be improved by 2-4 times, the labor efficiency can be obviously improved, and the unit yield cost can be reduced;

2. the raw material skin breakage rate in the fleshing process is low, skilled workers can achieve zero breakage, the fleshing breakage rate by adopting a fleshing machine or a bent knife is obviously reduced, the rejection rate can be obviously reduced, and the economic benefit is improved;

3. because the polishing machine is used as power, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the physical consumption of workers can be reduced, and better labor conditions are created;

4. the meat removal adopts a polishing machine which can be bought in the market, special equipment does not need to be customized, the investment of fixed assets is low, and the meat removal machine is convenient for large-scale popularization and application.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention in more detail, and it should be noted that the following examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that various insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention will be made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure.