阅读说明：本技术 用于铝表面的碱性器皿洗涤清洁剂 (Alkaline warewashing detergent for aluminum surfaces ) 是由 J·曼沙 L·M·桑德斯 C·M·希尔弗耐尔 于 2018-03-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：公开了设计成防止铝变色同时对污垢和污渍提供高清洗性能的清洁剂组合物。公开了基本上不含次氮基三乙酸(NTA)的清洁剂组合物。还公开了使用所述清洁剂组合物的方法。(Detergent compositions designed to prevent aluminum discoloration while providing high cleaning performance on soils and stains are disclosed. Detergent compositions substantially free of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) are disclosed. Methods of using the detergent compositions are also disclosed.)

1. A solid, alkaline, non-staining detergent composition comprising:

alkalinity source

An alkali metal silicate;

aminocarboxylates including ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or salts thereof;

at least two water-regulating polymers; and

defoaming agents;

wherein the composition is substantially free of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).

2. The detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkalinity source is an alkali metal carbonate and/or an alkali metal hydroxide.

3. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-2, wherein the alkalinity source is sodium carbonate.

4. The detergent composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate.

5. The detergent composition of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water conditioning polymer comprises a polymaleic acid homopolymer and a polyacrylic acid homopolymer, preferably wherein the polymaleic acid homopolymer has a molecular weight of less than about 2,000g/mol, and wherein the polyacrylic acid homopolymer has a molecular weight of between about 500g/mol and 50,000g/mol, more preferably between about 1,000g/mol and 25,000g/mol, and most preferably between about 1,000g/mol and 15,000 g/mol.

6. The detergent composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the defoamer is a nonionic surfactant.

7. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-6, wherein the ratio of alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof is at least about 1: 1.

8. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-6, wherein the ratio of the alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof is from about 1:1 to about 3: 1.

9. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-6, wherein the ratio of the alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof is from about 1:1 to about 2: 1.

10. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-9, wherein the water conditioning polymer comprises a polymaleic acid homopolymer and polyacrylic acid homopolymer in a ratio of about 1: 1.

11. The detergent composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the water conditioning polymer comprises a polymaleic acid homopolymer and a polyacrylic acid homopolymer in a ratio of from about 1:1 to about 2:1 to about 1: 1.

12. The detergent composition of any of claims 1-11, wherein the detergent composition comprises about 50 wt-% to about 75 wt-% of the alkali metal alkalinity source, about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the alkali metal silicate, about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of the aminocarboxylate, about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the water conditioning polymer, and about 1 wt-% to about 5 wt-% of the defoamer.

13. The detergent composition of any of claims 5-11, wherein the composition comprises about 50 wt-% to about 75 wt-% of the alkali metal alkalinity source, about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the alkali metal silicate, about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of the aminocarboxylate, about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% of the polymaleic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymer, about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% of the polyacrylic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymer, and about 1 wt-% to about 5 wt-% of the defoamer.

14. The detergent composition of any one of claims 1-13, further comprising an additional functional ingredient.

15. A method of cleaning soils and stains with a detergent composition comprising: contacting a soiled surface with a detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 14; and removing the soil from the surface without causing discoloration thereof.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said contacting said detergent composition comprises an initial step of producing a use solution of said solid detergent composition.

17. The method of any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the surface is an aluminum surface, wherein the aluminum comprises 1050, 1060, 1100, 1199, 2014, 2219, 3003, 3004, 3102, 4041, 5005, 5052, 5083, 5086, 5154, 5356, 5454, 5456, 5754, 6005A, 6060, 6061, 6063, 6066, 6070, 6082, 6105, 6162, 6262, 6351, 6463, 7005, 7022, 7068, 7072, 7075, 7079, 7116, 7129, 7178 aluminum-based alloy, or any combination thereof.

18. The method of any of claims 15 to 17, wherein said contacting said detergent composition with said surface is performed by a use solution of said solid detergent composition at a concentration of at least about 500ppm, at least 1000ppm, or at least about 2000 ppm.

19. The method of any of claims 15 to 17, wherein said contacting said detergent composition with said surface is performed by a use solution of said solid detergent composition at a concentration of from about 500ppm to about 3000ppm, from about 500ppm to about 4000ppm, from about 1000ppm to about 4000ppm, from about 1500ppm to about 3000ppm, or from about 2000ppm to about 4000 ppm.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a detergent composition designed to prevent discoloration of aluminum while providing high cleaning performance against dirt and stains. In particular, the detergent compositions disclosed herein are substantially free of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The cleaner composition provides effective cleaning of hard surfaces comprising an alkali sensitive metallic aluminum or aluminum-containing alloy without causing surface discoloration.

Background

Conventional cleaners used in warewashing contain alkaline cleaners. Alkaline cleaners, especially those intended for institutional use, can affect the appearance of metals, especially soft metals such as aluminum. For example, alkaline cleaners can cause discoloration of aluminum pans, which is detrimental to the aesthetics of the surface and raises customer attention. Conventionally, alkaline cleaners contain phosphates and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to reduce discoloration of aluminum-containing soft metals and provide other benefits. However, increased regulation of the use of these materials, and the increasing trend towards safer detergent compositions, has created a need to identify alternative compositions that provide high levels of cleaning efficacy without discoloring the metal substrate. This has led to the development of alternative complexing agents, builders, threshold agents, corrosion inhibitors, etc., which are used in place of the predominantly phosphorus-containing compounds. For example, phosphates can bind calcium and magnesium ions, provide alkalinity, act as threshold agents, and protect alkali sensitive metals, such as aluminum and aluminum-containing alloys.

Accordingly, it is an object of the claimed detergent composition to address at least one of the above problems and/or to provide an improved or alternative detergent composition with application benefits.

It is another object of the detergent compositions disclosed herein to provide an improved warewashing and other hard surface cleaning composition for removing soils and stains without causing discoloration of the aluminum surface.

It is another object of the detergent compositions disclosed herein to provide methods and processes for using the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Other objects, advantages and features of the detergent compositions and uses thereof disclosed herein will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Disclosure of Invention

An advantage of the detergent compositions disclosed herein and their use is the improved warewashing and other hard surface cleaning provided by the detergent compositions disclosed herein without causing discoloration of the aluminum surface.

In one aspect, provided herein is a solid, alkaline, non-staining detergent composition comprising: a source of alkalinity; an alkali metal silicate; aminocarboxylates, preferably ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or salts thereof; at least one water-regulating polymer; and optionally a defoamer; wherein the detergent composition is substantially free of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). In some embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein provide a ratio of alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate (preferably ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof) of at least about 1:1, at least 1:2, about 1:2 to about 5:1, about 1:2 to about 4:1, about 1:1 to about 5:1, or about 1:1 to about 3: 1. In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein provide a ratio of polymaleic acid homopolymer to polyacrylic acid homopolymer of about 1:1 to about 2:1, about 1:2 to about 2:1, about 1:1 to 3:1, or preferably about 1: 1.

In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein provide a solid, alkaline, non-staining detergent composition comprising: about 50 wt-% to about 75 wt-% of an alkali metal alkalinity source, about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of an alkali metal silicate, about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of an aminocarboxylate, about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of at least one water-conditioning polymer, and about 1 wt-% to about 5 wt-% of a defoamer.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of cleaning soils and stains with a detergent composition comprising: contacting the soiled surface with the solid detergent composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the provided methods further comprise removing the soil from the surface without causing discoloration thereof.

While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

Drawings

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing or photograph in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

Fig. 1-2 show photographs of aluminum specimens treated with commercial control formulations to assess staining and discoloration.

Figures 3 through 11 show photographs of aluminum specimens treated with the experimental formulation EXP1-EXP9 at different concentrations (1500 ppm for the two specimens on the left; 2000ppm for the two specimens on the right) to assess staining and discoloration, according to an example of the claimed cleaner composition.

Various embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the detergent compositions and uses thereof disclosed herein. The drawings presented herein are not limiting in light of the various embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein and are presented for illustrative illustration of the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein are not limited to particular detergent compositions having a non-staining effect on aluminum metal/alloys, which may vary and are understood by those of skill in the art. It is to be further understood that all terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and are not intended to be limiting in any way or scope. For example, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, all units, prefixes, and symbols may be denoted in their SI accepted form.

The numerical ranges recited in this specification include numbers within the defined ranges. Throughout this disclosure, various aspects or embodiments of the compositions or methods disclosed herein are presented in a range format. It is to be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a fixed limitation on the scope of the present invention. Thus, the description of a range should be considered to have explicitly disclosed all the possible sub-ranges within that range as well as individual numerical values (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).

Thus, the detergent compositions and their uses disclosed herein may be more readily understood, with certain terms being defined first. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the invention belong. Many methods and materials similar, modified, or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of embodiments of the present invention without undue experimentation, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming embodiments of the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below.

As used herein, the term "about" refers to a change in quantity that may occur, for example, by typical measurement and liquid handling procedures used to prepare concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through inadvertent errors in these procedures; by differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients used to prepare the composition or to carry out the method; and the like. The term "about" also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions of the composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. The claims, whether modified by the term "about," are intended to include equivalents of the amounts.

The terms "active agent" or "active agent percentage" or "active agent weight percentage" or "active agent concentration" are used interchangeably herein and refer to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning, expressed as a percentage after subtraction of inert ingredients such as water or salt.

As used herein, the term "alkyl (alkyl/alkyl groups)" refers to saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl groups (or "cycloalkyl" or "alicyclic" or "carbocyclyl") (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups (e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), and alkyl groups substituted with alkyl groups (e.g., cycloalkyl groups substituted with alkyl groups and alkyl groups substituted with cycloalkyl groups).

Unless otherwise specified, the term "alkyl" includes both "unsubstituted alkyls" and "substituted alkyls". As used herein, the term "substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl having a substituent that replaces one or more hydrogens on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. These substituents may include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, hydroxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxy, phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinite, cyano, amino (including alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), amide (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, and ureido), imino, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonate, sulfamoyl, sulfonamide, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, or an aromatic (including heteroaromatic) group.

In some embodiments, substituted alkyl groups may comprise a heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term "heterocyclyl" includes closed ring structures analogous to carbocyclic groups in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring is a non-carbon element (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen). The heterocyclic group may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, ethylene oxide (epoxide, oxirane), thiirane, dioxirane, azetidine, oxetane, thietane, dioxetane, dithiolane, dithiocyclobutene, azetidine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, oxolane, dihydrofuran, and furan.

"anti-redeposition agent" refers to a compound that helps to remain suspended in water and not deposit on the objects being cleaned. Anti-redeposition agents can be used in the present invention to help reduce redeposition of removed soils onto the surface being cleaned.

As used herein, the term "cleaning" refers to a process used to promote or assist in the removal of soils.

The term "hard surface" refers to solid, substantially inflexible surfaces such as tables, tiles, floors, walls, panels, windows, plumbing fixtures, kitchen and bathroom furniture, appliances, engines, circuit boards, and service trays. Hard surfaces may include, for example, healthcare surfaces and food processing surfaces.

As used herein, the term "polymer" generally includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, and higher "x" polymers, including derivatives, combinations, and blends thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term "polymer" shall encompass all possible isomeric configurations of the molecule, including (but not limited to) isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic symmetries and combinations thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term "polymer" shall encompass all possible geometric configurations of the molecule.

As used herein, the term "soil" refers to polar or non-polar organic or inorganic substances, including, but not limited to, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, oils, and the like. These materials may be present in their organic state or complexed with metals to form inorganic complexes.

As used herein, the term "stain" refers to a polar or non-polar material that may or may not contain particulate material, such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide-hydroxides, clays, sand, dust, natural materials, carbon black, graphite, and the like.

As used herein, the term "substantially free" or "free of" refers to a composition that is completely free of components or has such small amounts of components that the components do not affect the properties of the composition. The components may be present as impurities or as contaminants and should be less than 0.5 wt-%. In another embodiment, the amount of component is less than 0.1 wt-%, and in yet another embodiment, the amount of component is less than 0.01 wt-%. According to embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, the claimed detergent composition is substantially free of NTA.

The term "substantially similar cleaning performance" generally refers to being achieved by an alternative cleaning product or alternative cleaning system having a degree of cleaning that is generally the same (or at least not significantly less) or that is generally the same in pneumatic effort (or at least not significantly less) or both. According to embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, the claimed detergent compositions provide improved or substantially similar cleaning performance as compared to conventional detergents containing phosphate and/or NTA.

The term "threshold agent" refers to a compound that inhibits crystallization of water hardness ions from solution, but does not require the formation of a specific complex with the water hardness ions. Threshold agents include, but are not limited to, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, olefin/maleic acid copolymers, and the like.

As used herein, the term "ware" refers to items such as eating and cooking utensils, dinner plates, and other hard surfaces such as showers, sinks, toilets, bathtubs, counter tops, windows, mirrors, transportation vehicles, and floors. As used herein, the term "warewashing" refers to washing, rinsing, or rinsing ware. The term "dish" generally refers to items such as eating and cooking utensils, dinner plates, and other hard surfaces. Vessel also refers to articles made from various substrates, including glass, ceramic, porcelain, crystal, metal, plastic, or natural substances such as, but not limited to, clay, bamboo, hemp, and the like. Types of plastics that can be cleaned with the composition according to the invention include, but are not limited to, those comprising polypropylene (PP), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN), Polycarbonate (PC), melamine formaldehyde or melamine resins (melamine), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polysulfone (PS). Other exemplary plastics that can be cleaned using the detergent compositions disclosed herein include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polystyrene polyamide.

As used herein, the terms "weight percent", "wt-%", "percent by weight", "% by weight" (% by weight) "and variations thereof refer to the concentration of a substance as the weight of the substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that as used herein, "percent," "percent," and the like are intended to be synonymous with "weight percent," "wt-%" and the like.

The methods and detergent compositions disclosed herein may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of: the components and ingredients of the compositions disclosed herein, as well as other ingredients not described herein. As used herein, "consisting essentially of …" means that the methods and compositions may include additional steps, components, or ingredients, but only if the additional steps, components, or ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed methods and compositions.

Detergent composition

The detergent compositions disclosed herein provide alkali metal alkaline detergents for cleaning surfaces of various industrial and consumer products. Advantageously, the detergent compositions disclosed herein do not cause discoloration of metal surfaces comprising aluminum, while providing substantially NTA-free compositions. This is an unexpected advance in alkaline cleaner formulations, as formulations containing high concentrations of chelating agents (e.g., aminocarboxylates used in the cleaner compositions disclosed herein) are known to cause surface discoloration. Without being limited to a particular mechanism of theory for the detergent compositions disclosed herein, the claimed detergent compositions, employing a preferred ratio of alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate and optionally a preferred ratio of water conditioning polymer (i.e., maleic acid homopolymer to polyacrylic acid homopolymer), unexpectedly provide high levels of cleaning performance without discoloring the metal surface (i.e., aluminum surface).

The detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of: alkali metal carbonate and/or hydroxide alkalinity sources, alkali metal silicates, aminocarboxylates, conditioning polymers, and optionally defoamers. In some embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of: a combination of an alkali metal carbonate and/or hydroxide alkalinity source, an alkali metal silicate, an aminocarboxylate, a water conditioning polymer (i.e., a polymaleic acid homopolymer and a polyacrylic acid homopolymer), and optionally an antifoaming agent. In other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of: alkali metal carbonate and/or hydroxide alkalinity sources, alkali metal silicates, aminocarboxylates including ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or salts thereof, polymaleic acid homopolymers and polyacrylic acid homopolymers, and defoamers. In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of: a combination of an alkali metal carbonate and/or hydroxide alkalinity source, an alkali metal silicate, an aminocarboxylate including ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof, a water conditioning polymer, and an antifoaming agent. In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of: alkali metal carbonate alkalinity sources, alkali metal silicates, ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or its salts, polymaleic acid homopolymers and polyacrylic acid homopolymers, and defoamers. In yet further embodiments, the detergent composition comprises, consists of, and/or consists essentially of: alkali metal carbonate and/or hydroxide alkalinity sources, alkali metal silicates, aminocarboxylates including ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or salts thereof, polymaleic acid homopolymers, polyacrylic acid homopolymers, defoamers, and at least one or more optional additional functional ingredients.

In some embodiments, the use solutions of the detergent compositions disclosed herein do not cause any discoloration of the metal surfaces cleaned by the claimed detergent compositions. In some other embodiments, a use solution of the detergent composition disclosed herein at a concentration greater than 1,500ppm does not cause any discoloration of metal surfaces cleaned by the detergent composition. In still other embodiments, use solutions of the detergent compositions disclosed herein at concentrations greater than 2,000ppm do not cause any discoloration of metal surfaces cleaned by the claimed detergent compositions. In some other embodiments, the use solutions of the detergent compositions disclosed herein result in a metalized finish of a metal surface cleaned with the claimed detergent compositions.

Exemplary ranges of detergent compositions according to the present invention are shown in tables 1A-1B in units of weight percent of solid detergent composition.

TABLE 1A

TABLE 1B

In some embodiments, the ratio of alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate (preferably to ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof) is at least about 1:1, at least 1:2, from about 1:2 to about 2:1, from about 1:1 to about 3:1, from about 1:2 to about 4:1, or from about 1:1 to about 2: 1. Additionally, all recited ratio ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining ratio range without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the ratio of water-regulating polymer (polymaleic acid homopolymer to polyacrylic acid homopolymer) is from about 1:1 to about 2:1, 1:2 to about 2:1, about 1:2 to about 1:1, or preferably about 1: 1. Additionally, all recited ratio ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining ratio range without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

The detergent compositions disclosed herein may be solid concentrate compositions. By "solid" composition is meant a cleaning composition in solid form (e.g., powder, particle, agglomerate, flake, granule, pellet, tablet, troche, puck, cube, solid block, unit dose, or another solid form known to one of ordinary skill in the art). The term "solid" refers to the state of the detergent composition under the conditions of intended storage and use of the solid detergent composition. Generally, it is contemplated that the detergent composition will remain in solid form when exposed to elevated temperatures of 100 ° f, 112 ° f, and preferably 120 ° f. The "solid" cast, pressed or extruded may take any form including a block. When referring to cast, pressed or extruded solids, it is meant that the hardening composition will not appreciably flow and will substantially retain its shape under moderate stress, pressure or mere gravity. For example, the shape of the die when removed from the die, the shape of the article formed when extruded from an extruder, and the like. The degree of hardness of the solid casting composition may range from a relatively dense and hard molten solid mass (similar to concrete) to a consistency characterized by toughness and sponge-like (similar to caulking).

The detergent compositions disclosed herein may be provided as a diluted concentrate (or multiple concentrates diluted and mixed) prior to or at the time of use to provide a use solution for application on various surfaces (i.e., hard surfaces). In a particular embodiment, the detergent compositions disclosed herein are suitable for application to alkali-sensitive metals. An advantage of providing a concentrate that is later combined or diluted is that shipping and storage costs can be reduced, as shipping and storing the concentrate is cheaper than using a solution and more sustainable due to the use of less packaging.

Alkalinity source

In one embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein comprises an alkalinity source. In one embodiment, the alkalinity source is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal carbonates. Suitable alkali metal hydroxides and carbonates include, but are not limited to, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. In another embodiment, alkali metal carbonates and hydroxides are also understood to include bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates. Any "ash-based" or "alkali metal carbonate" will also be understood to include all alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates and/or sesquicarbonates in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

In a preferred embodiment, the alkalinity source is an alkali metal carbonate. In some other preferred embodiments, the alkalinity source is an alkali metal carbonate, free of any unreacted alkali metal hydroxide. In other preferred embodiments, the alkaline cleaning composition does not comprise an organic alkalinity source.

The alkalinity source is provided in an amount sufficient to provide a use solution of the detergent composition disclosed herein having a pH of at least about 8, at least about 9, at least about 10, at least about 11, or at least about 12. The use solution pH range is preferably between about 8.0 and about 13.0, and more preferably between about 10 and 12.5.

In one embodiment, the claimed detergent composition comprises from about 20 wt-% to about 80 wt-% alkalinity source, from about 30 wt-% to about 75 wt-% alkalinity source, from about 40 wt-% to about 75 wt-% alkalinity source, from about 60 wt-% to about 75 wt-% alkalinity source, and preferably from about 50 wt-% to about 75 wt-% alkalinity source. Additionally, all recited ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining value without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Silicate source

In one embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein comprises a silicate source. In another embodiment, the silicate source is or includes a metasilicate. In a preferred embodiment, the silicate source is an alkali metal silicate. The silicate may comprise an alkali metal silicate or a hydrate thereof. Examples of particularly suitable silicate sources include, but are not limited to, sodium silicate. Exemplary alkali metal silicates are provided in tables 2-4 below.

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

TABLE 4

In one embodiment, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise from about 0.1 wt-% to about 25 wt-% silicate source, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% silicate source, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% silicate source, preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% or from about 10 wt-% to about 20 wt-% silicate source. Additionally, all recited ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining value without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Aminocarboxylates

In one embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein comprises an aminocarboxylate (or aminocarboxylic acid material). In a preferred embodiment, the aminocarboxylate comprises an aminocarboxylic acid material that contains little or no NTA, or the detergent compositions disclosed herein do not contain NTA. In another preferred embodiment, the aminocarboxylate comprises ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof. In another preferred embodiment, the aminocarboxylate is ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof. Exemplary aminocarboxylates include, for example, N-hydroxyethylglycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), glutamic acid N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), 3-hydroxy-2, 2-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS), hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), and other similar acids having an amino group with a carboxylic acid substituent. In one embodiment, the aminocarboxylate is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

In some embodiments, the ratio of alkali metal silicate to aminocarboxylate (preferably to ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof) is at least about 1:2, at least 1:1, from about 1:1 to about 3:1, from about 1:2 to about 2:1, from about 1:1 to about 4:1, or from about 1:2 to about 4: 1. Additionally, all recited ratio ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining ratio range without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Advantageously, the detergent compositions disclosed herein provide greater cleaning performance when a chelating agent that is substantially free of NTA-containing compounds is employed, thereby making the detergent compositions more environmentally friendly.

In one embodiment, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise from about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-% of one or more aminocarboxylates, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of one or more aminocarboxylates, from about 1 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of one or more aminocarboxylates, preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% or from about 10 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of one or more aminocarboxylates. In some embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to about 15 wt-%, preferably about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, or about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-% EDTA. Additionally, all recited ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining value without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Water conditioning polymers

In one embodiment, the claimed detergent composition comprises at least two water conditioning polymers. In another embodiment, the claimed detergent composition comprises at least one water conditioning polymer. In a preferred embodiment, the detergent composition comprises a polymaleic acid homopolymer and a polyacrylic acid homopolymer. In another preferred embodiment, the claimed detergent composition comprises a polymaleic acid homopolymer, a polyacrylic acid homopolymer, and optionally one or more additional polymers. Suitable polymaleic acid homopolymers include those having a molecular weight of less than about 2,000 g/mol. Suitable polyacrylic acid homopolymers comprise those having a molecular weight between about 500-50,000g/mol, more preferably between about 1,000-25,000g/mol and most preferably between about 1,000-15,000 g/mol.

Additional water conditioning polymers may also be referred to as non-phosphorous containing builders. Additional water conditioning polymers may include, but are not limited to, polycarboxylates. Exemplary polycarboxylates useful as builders and/or water conditioning polymers include (but are not limited to): those polymers having pendant carboxylate (- -CO2- -) groups, such as polyacrylic acid homopolymers, polymaleic acid homopolymers, maleic acid/olefin copolymers, sulfonated copolymers or terpolymers, acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers or terpolymers polymethacrylic acid homopolymers, polymethacrylic acid copolymers or terpolymers, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers, hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, hydrolyzed polymethacrylamides, hydrolyzed polyamide-methacrylamide copolymers, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitriles, hydrolyzed polymethacrylonitriles, hydrolyzed acrylonitrile-methacrylonitrile copolymers, and combinations thereof. For further discussion of chelating/sequestering agents, see Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of chemical technology, third edition, volume 5, pages 339, and 23, pages 319 and 320, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. These materials may also be used at sub-stoichiometric levels to act as crystal modifiers.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the two water-regulating polymers (polymaleic acid homopolymer to polyacrylic acid homopolymer) is from about 1:1 to about 2:1, from about 1:2 to about 2:1, from about 2:1 to about 1:1, or preferably about 1: 1. Additionally, all recited ratio ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining ratio range without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

In an embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein comprises from about 0.1 wt-% to about 25 wt-% of the water regulating polymer, from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the water regulating polymer, from about 1 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of the water regulating polymer, preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% of the water regulating polymer, from about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of the water regulating polymer, or from about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-% of the water regulating polymer. In another embodiment, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise, in addition to a polyacrylic acid homopolymer, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of one or more polymaleic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers, from about 1 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of one or more polymaleic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers, and preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, from about 1 wt-% to about 6 wt-% of one or more polymaleic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers. in yet another embodiment, the compositions comprise, in addition to a polymaleic acid homopolymer, from about 0.1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of one or more polyacrylic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers, About 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of one or more polyacrylic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers, about 1 wt-% to about 15 wt-% of one or more polyacrylic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers, and preferably about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, about 5 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, about 1 wt-% to about 6 wt-% of one or more polyacrylic acid homopolymer water conditioning polymers. Additionally, all recited ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining value without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Defoaming agent

In an embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein may optionally comprise an antifoaming agent. In one embodiment, the detergent composition disclosed herein comprises an antifoaming agent. In a preferred embodiment, the defoaming agent is a nonionic surfactant. In a preferred embodiment, the defoaming agent is a nonionic alkoxylated surfactant. In another preferred embodiment, the defoamer is of the formula RO- (PO)_0-5(EO)_1-30(PO)_1-30Or RO- (PO)_1-30(EO)_1-30(PO)_1-30Wherein R is C_8-18A linear or branched alkyl group; EO is ethylene oxide; PO ═ propylene oxide. Exemplary suitable alkoxylated surfactants include ethylene oxide/propylene block copolymers (EO/PO copolymers) (e.g., as Pluronic or

Those available under the names of (a) and (b), capped EOa/PO copolymer, a partially capped EO/PO copolymer, a fully capped EO/PO copolymer, an alcohol alkoxylate, a capped alcohol alkoxylate, mixtures thereof, or the like.

Other anti-foaming agents may include silicone compounds such as silica dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane, and functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (such as those available under the name Abil B9952); a fatty amide; a hydrocarbon wax; a fatty acid; a fatty ester; a fatty alcohol; a fatty acid soap; an ethoxylate; mineral oil; polyethylene glycol esters; alkyl phosphates, such as monostearyl phosphate; and the like. A discussion of antifoam agents can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,548 to Martin et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,334,147 to Brunelle et al, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,442,242 to Rue et al, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Nonionic surfactants are generally characterized by the presence of an organic hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group, and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic, alkylaromatic or polyoxyalkylene hydrophobic compound with a hydrophilic basic oxide moiety, typically ethylene oxide or a polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol. In fact, any hydrophobic compound having a hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or amide group with a reactive hydrogen atom can be condensed with ethylene oxide or its polyhydrated adducts or its mixtures with alkylene oxides (e.g., propylene oxide) to form a nonionic surfactant. The length of the hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene moiety condensed with any particular hydrophobic compound can be readily adjusted to give a water-dispersible or water-soluble compound having the desired balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. According to the present invention, the nonionic surfactant suitable for use in the composition is a low foaming nonionic surfactant. Examples of nonionic low-foaming surfactants suitable for use in the present invention include:

1. block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymeric compounds based on propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and ethylenediamine as initiator reactive hydrogen compounds. By sequential propoxylation and ethoxylation of initiatorsExamples of polymer compounds prepared by alkylation may be manufactured under the trade name BASF CorpAnd Tetronico are commercially available.

The compounds are difunctional (two reactive hydrogens) compounds formed by the condensation of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic matrix formed by the addition of propylene oxide to the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol. This hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs 1,000 to 4,000. Ethylene oxide is then added to sandwich this hydrophobe between hydrophilic groups, controlled by length to constitute from about 10 to about 80 weight percent of the final molecule.

The compound is a tetrafunctional block copolymer derived from the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine. The molecular weight of the hydrophobic propylene oxide is in the range of 500 to 7,000; and the hydrophilic species ethylene oxide is added to constitute from 10 to 80% by weight of the molecule.

2. The condensation products of one mole of an alkylphenol in which the alkyl chain, having a linear or branched configuration or having a single or double alkyl composition, contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with from 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. Alkyl groups may be represented, for example, by diisobutylene, dipentyl, polypropylenylene, isooctyl, nonyl, and dinonyl groups. These surfactants may be polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. Examples of commercial compounds having this chemistry are marketed under the trade name Rhone-Poulenc

And trade name manufactured by Dow (Dow)

And (4) obtaining.

3. Condensation products of one mole of a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alcohol having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms with from 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The alcohol portion may consist of a mixture of alcohols in the carbon range delineated above, or it may consist of an alcohol having a specific number of carbon atoms within this range. An example of a similar commercial surfactant is available under the trade name manufactured by Shell chemical CoAnd trade name manufactured by Vista Chemical CoAnd (4) obtaining.

4. Condensation products of one mole of a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched carboxylic acid having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with from 6 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The acid moiety may consist of a mixture of acids in the carbon atom ranges defined above, or it may consist of an acid having a specific number of carbon atoms within the range. Examples of commercial compounds having such chemical properties are commercially available under the trade name Henkel CorporationAnd trade names manufactured by Lipo Chemicals, Inc

And (4) obtaining.

5. A compound having the structure: RO- (PO)_0-5(EO)_1-30(PO)_1-30Wherein R is C8-18 straight or branched chain alkyl; EO is ethylene oxide; PO ═ propylene oxide.

6. A compound from (1) modified, substantially in reverse phase, by: adding ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol to provide a hydrophile with a specified molecular weight; and then propylene oxide is added to obtain a hydrophobic block at the outside (end) of the molecule. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs 1,000 to 3,100, with the intermediate hydrophilic species comprising 10% by weight of the final moleculeTo 80% by weight. These inversions

Under the trade name BASF Corporation

And (3) preparing the surfactant.

7. Alkoxylated diamines produced by the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylene diamine. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from 250 to 6,700, with the intermediate hydrophilic species comprising from 0.1 to 50 weight percent of the final molecule. An example of a commercial compound having such a chemical property is available from basf under the trade name Tetronic^TMA surfactant.

8. Alkoxylated diamines produced by the sequential addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to ethylene diamine. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from 250 to 6,700, with the intermediate hydrophilic species comprising from 0.1 to 50 weight percent of the final molecule. An example of a commercial compound having such a chemical nature is available from basf under the trade name Tetronic R^TMA surfactant.

9. A compound from group (1), group (2), group (3) and group (4) modified by the following method: one or more of the terminal hydroxyl groups (of the polyfunctional moiety) are "capped" or "end-capped" by reaction with hydrophobic small molecules (e.g., propylene oxide, butylene oxide, benzyl chloride) and short chain fatty acids containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alcohols or alkyl halides and mixtures thereof to reduce foaming. Also included are reactants which convert the terminal hydroxyl group to a chloro group, such as thionyl chloride. This modification of the terminal hydroxyl groups can result in fully blocked, block-mixed or fully mixed nonionic surfactants.

10. Polyoxyalkylene surfactants suitable for use corresponding to the formula P [ (C)₃H₆O)_n(C₂H₄O)_mH]_xWherein P is the residue of an organic compound having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms, whereinx has a value of 1 or 2, n has a value such that the molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene moiety is at least 44, and m has a value such that the oxypropylene content of the molecule is from 10% to 90% by weight. In either case, the oxypropylene chains may optionally but advantageously contain small amounts of ethylene oxide, and the oxyethylene chains may also optionally but advantageously contain small amounts of propylene oxide.

11. Alkoxylated amines or, more specifically, alcohol alkoxylated/aminated/alkoxylated surfactants. These nonionic surfactants can be represented, at least in part, by the general formula:

R²⁰--(PO)_sN-(EO)_t H，

R₂0--(PO)_sN-(EO)_t H(EO)_th, and

R²⁰--N(EO)_t H；

wherein R is²⁰Is an alkyl, alkenyl or other aliphatic or alkyl-aryl group having from 8 to 20, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, EO is oxyethylene, PO is oxypropylene, s is from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 5, t is from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 5, and u is from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 5. Other variations within the scope of these compounds may be represented by the following alternative formulae:

R²⁰--(PO)_v--N[(EO)_w H][(EO)_zH]

wherein R is²⁰As defined above, v is 1 to 20 (e.g., 1,2, 3, or 4 (preferably 2)), and w and z are independently 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5. These compounds are commercially represented by a series of products sold by hensmman chemical as nonionic surfactants. Preferred chemicals of this class comprise Surfonic PEA 25 amine alkoxylates.

In one embodiment, the claimed detergent composition comprises about 0.5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% defoamer, about 0.5 wt-% to about 10 wt-% defoamer, about 0.5 wt-% to about 5 wt-% defoamer, and preferably about 0.5 wt-% to about 3 wt-%, about 1 wt-%, about 3 wt-%, about 5 wt-% or about 10 wt-% defoamer. Additionally, all recited ranges include the range-defining values and include each integer within the range-defining value without limitation in accordance with the detergent compositions disclosed herein.

Additional functional ingredients

The components of the claimed detergent composition may be further combined with various functional components suitable for use in warewashing and other applications employing alkaline detergents or cleaning compositions. In some embodiments, the claimed detergent composition comprises a carbamate-based carboxylate, a silicate, an alkalinity source, a water conditioning polymer, and optionally an antifoaming agent that make up a substantial amount, or even substantially all, of the total weight of the detergent composition-for example, in some embodiments, with few, or no additional functional ingredients disposed therein.

In other embodiments, additional functional ingredients may be included in the claimed detergent compositions. The functional ingredients provide the composition with the desired properties and functions. For the purposes of this application, the term "functional ingredient" includes materials that provide beneficial properties in a particular application when dispersed or dissolved in a use solution and/or concentrate solution (e.g., an aqueous solution). Some specific examples of functional materials are discussed in more detail below, but the specific materials discussed are given by way of example only, and a wide variety of other functional ingredients may be used. For example, many of the functional materials discussed below refer to materials used in cleaning (especially warewashing applications). However, other embodiments may include functional ingredients for use in other applications.

In a preferred embodiment, the claimed detergent composition does not comprise chelating agent NTA. In other embodiments, the claimed detergent compositions may comprise additional alkalinity sources, such as alkali metal borates, phosphates, and percarbonates. The composition may also contain additional defoamers, anti-redeposition agents, bleaching agents, solubility modifiers, dispersants, rinse aids, metal protectors, enzymes, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, metal catalysts, additional sequestrants and/or chelating agents, fragrances and/or dyes, rheology modifiers or thickeners, hydrotropes or coupling agents, buffers, solvents and the like.

Phosphonic acid salts

In some embodiments, the claimed detergent composition may comprise a phosphonate. Examples of phosphonates include (but are not limited to): phosphinosuccinic acid oligomers (PSO) as described in U.S. patents 8,871,699 and 9,255,242; 2-phosphinobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, CH₂C(OH)[PO(OH)₂]₂(ii) a Amino tri (methylene phosphonic acid), N [ CH₂PO(OH)₂]₃(ii) a Amino tris (methylene phosphonate), sodium salt (ATMP), N [ CH₂PO(ONa)₂]₃(ii) a 2-hydroxyethyliminobis (methylenephosphonic acid), HOCH₂CH₂N[CH₂PO(OH)₂]₂(ii) a Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid), (HO)₂POCH₂N[CH₂CH₂N[CH₂PO(OH)₂]₂]₂(ii) a Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonate), sodium salt (DTPMP), C₉H_(28-x)N₃Na_xO₁₅P₅(x ═ 7); hexamethylenediamine (tetramethylenephosphonate), potassium salt, C₁₀H_(28-x)N₂K_xO₁₂P₄(x ═ 6); bis (hexamethylene) triamine (pentamethylene phosphonic acid), (HO)₂)POCH₂N[(CH₂)₂N[CH₂PO(OH)₂]₂]₂(ii) a Monoethanolamine phosphonate (MEAP); diglycolamine phosphonate (DGAP) and phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃. Preferred phosphonates are PBTC, HEDP, ATMP and DTPMP. Preferred are neutralized or alkaline phosphonates or combinations with a phosphonate and alkali metal source prior to addition to the mixture so that there is little or no heat or gas generated by the neutralization reaction when phosphoric acid is added. However, in one embodiment, the claimed detergent composition is phosphorus-free.

Suitable amounts of phosphonate included in the detergent compositions disclosed herein are between about 0 wt% and about 25 wt% of the detergent composition, between about 0.1 wt% and about 20 wt%, between about 0 wt% and about 15 wt%, between about 0 wt% and about 10 wt%, between about 0 wt% and about 5 wt%, between about 0.5 wt% and about 10 wt%, between about 0.5 wt% and about 5 wt%, or between about 0.5 wt% and about 15 wt% of the detergent composition.

Surface active agent

In some embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise a surfactant. In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise a nonionic antifoaming surfactant or agent. In some other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise additional surfactants as well as nonionic anti-foaming surfactants or agents. Surfactants suitable for use with the detergent compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, additional nonionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants. In still other embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein are free of any additional surfactant other than the one or more nonionic anti-foaming surfactants or agents.

In some embodiments, the detergent compositions disclosed herein comprise about 0 wt-% to about 50 wt-% of additional surfactant, about 0 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, about 0 wt-% to about 15 wt-%, about 0 wt-% to about 10 wt-%, or about 0 wt-% to about 5 wt-%, about 0 wt-%, about 0.5 wt-%, about 1 wt-%, about 3 wt-%, about 5 wt-%, about 10 wt-%, or about 15 wt-% of additional surfactant, in addition to the non-ionic defoaming surfactant or agent.

Anionic surfactants

Also suitable for use in the detergent compositions disclosed herein are surface active materials classified as anionic surfactants, since the charge of the hydrophobic group is negative; or surfactants (e.g., carboxylic acids) in which the hydrophobic portion of the molecule is uncharged (unless the pH is raised to neutral or higher). Carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates and phosphates are polar (hydrophilic) solubilizing groups found in anionic surfactants. Among the cations (counterions) associated with these polar groups, sodium, lithium, and potassium impart water solubility; ammonium and substituted ammonium ions provide both water and oil solubility; and calcium, barium and magnesium promote oil solubility. As understood by those skilled in the art, anionic surfactants are excellent detergent surfactants and are therefore advantageously added to heavy duty detergent compositions.

Anionic sulfate surfactants suitable for use in the claimed detergent compositions comprise alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxy sulfates, fatty oil alkenyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, C₅-C₁₇acyl-N- (C)₁-C₄Alkyl) and-N- (C)₁-C₂Hydroxyalkyl) reduced glucosamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides, such as alkyl polyglucoside sulfates and the like. Also included are alkyl sulfates, alkyl poly (ethyleneoxy) ether sulfates and aromatic poly (ethyleneoxy) sulfates, such as the sulfates or condensation products of ethylene oxide and nonylphenol (typically having 1 to 6 ethylene oxide groups per molecule).

Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use in the claimed detergent compositions also include alkyl sulfonates, linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfonates, and aromatic sulfonates with or without substituents.

Anionic carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the claimed detergent compositions include carboxylic acids (and salts), such as alkanoic acids (and alkanoates), carboxylic acid esters (e.g., alkyl succinates), carboxylic acid ethers, sulfonated fatty acids, such as sulfonated oleic acid, and the like. These carboxylates include alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, alkylaryl ethoxy carboxylates, alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants, and soaps (e.g., alkylcarboxy). Secondary carboxylates useful in the compositions of the present invention include those containing a carboxyl unit attached to a secondary carbon. The secondary carbon may be in the ring structure, for example as in p-octylbenzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylate. Secondary carboxylate surfactants typically contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages, and no hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, it generally has no nitrogen atom in the head group (amphiphilic portion). Suitable secondary soap surfactants typically contain a total of 11 to 13 carbon atoms, but more carbon atoms (e.g., up to 16) may be present. Suitable carboxylates also include acylamino acids (and salts), such as acylglutamates, acyl peptides, sarcosinates (e.g., N-acyl sarcosinates), taurates (e.g., N-acyl taurates and fatty acid amides of methyl tauric acid), and the like.

Suitable anionic surfactants comprise alkyl or alkylaryl ethoxy carboxylates of the formula:

R-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_n(CH₂)_m-CO₂X (3)

wherein R is C₈To C₂₂Alkyl or

Wherein R is¹Is C₄-C₁₆An alkyl group; n is an integer from 1 to 20; m is an integer of 1 to 3; and X is a counterion, for example hydrogen, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, or an amine salt, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine. In some embodiments, n is an integer from 4 to 10 and m is 1. In some embodiments, R is C₈-C₁₆An alkyl group. In some embodiments, R is C₁₂-C₁₄Alkyl, n is 4, and m is 1.

In other embodiments, R is

And R is¹Is C₆-C₁₂An alkyl group. In still other embodiments, R¹Is C₉Alkyl, n is 10 and m is 1.

Such alkyl and alkylaryl ethoxy carboxylates are commercially available. These ethoxy carboxylates are generally available in the acid form which can be readily converted to the anionic or salt form. Commercially available carboxylates include Neodox23-4, C_12-13Alkyl polyethoxy (4) carboxylic acid (Shell Chemical), and Emcol CNP-110, C₉Alkylaryl polyethoxy (10) carboxylic acid (vicco Chemical). Carboxylic acid saltsIt is also available from Clariant, e.g. productsDTC，C₁₃Alkyl polyethoxy (7) carboxylic acids.

Cationic surfactant

Cationic quaternary surfactants/quaternary alkylamines alkoxylation

Cationic quaternary surfactants are materials based on cationic moieties of nitrogen centers, the net positive variation of which. Suitable cationic surfactants contain quaternary ammonium groups. Suitable cationic surfactants include, inter alia, those of the general formula: n is a radical of⁽⁺⁾R¹R²R³R⁴X^(-)Wherein R is¹、R²、R³And R⁴Independently of one another, represents alkyl, aliphatic, aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamide, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, H⁺Ions, each having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the radical R¹、R²、R³And R⁴Has at least eight carbon atoms and wherein X (-) represents an anion, such as halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, or alkylsulfate, preferably chloride. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, the aliphatic groups may also contain crosslinking groups or other groups, such as additional amino groups.

Specific cationic active ingredients include, for example, but are not limited to, Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC), alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, N-bis- (3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine, chlorhexidine gluconate, organic and/or organic salts of chlorhexidine gluconate, PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), salts of biguanides, substituted biguanide derivatives, organic salts of quaternary ammonium salt-containing compounds or inorganic salts of quaternary ammonium salt-containing compounds or mixtures thereof.

The cationic surfactant preferably comprises, more preferably means: a compound containing at least one long carbon chain hydrophobic group and at least one positively charged nitrogen. The long carbon chain group may be directly attached to the nitrogen atom by simple substitution; or more preferably indirectly to the nitrogen atom in so-called meta alkyl amines and amidoamines, via one or more bridging functional groups. Such functional groups may render the molecule more hydrophilic and/or more water dispersible, more readily soluble in water by the co-surfactant mixture, and/or soluble in water. To increase water solubility, additional primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups may be introduced, or the amino nitrogen may be quaternized using low molecular weight alkyl groups. In addition, the nitrogen may be part of a branched or straight chain moiety of varying degrees of unsaturation, or part of a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring. In addition, cationic surfactants may contain complex linkages with more than one cationic nitrogen atom.

Surfactant compounds classified as amine oxides, amphoteric surfactants, and zwitterionic surfactants are generally cationic in nature in near neutral to acidic pH solutions and may overlap with the surfactant classification. Polyoxyethylated cationic surfactants generally behave like nonionic surfactants in alkaline solutions and cationic surfactants in acidic solutions.

The simplest cationic amines, amine salts and quaternary ammonium compounds can be schematically depicted as such:

wherein R represents a long alkyl chain, R ', R "and R'" can be long alkyl chains or smaller alkyl groups or aryl groups or hydrogen, and X represents an anion. For practical use in the present invention, amine salts and quaternary ammonium compounds are preferred because of their high degree of water solubility.

Preferred cationic quaternary ammonium compounds can be schematically shown as:

wherein R represents a C8-C18 alkyl or alkenyl group; r¹And R²Is C1-C4 alkyl; n is 10 to 25; and x is an anion selected from halide or methyl sulfateIons.

Most of the large number of commercially available cationic surfactants can be subdivided into four major chemical classes and additional subgroups as known to those skilled in the art and described in "Surfactant Encyclopedia", Cosmetics and Toiletries (Cosmetics & Toiletries), volume 104 (2)86-96 (1989). The first class comprises alkylamines and salts thereof. The second class comprises alkyl imidazolines. The third class comprises ethoxylated amines. The fourth class comprises quaternary ammonium salts such as alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts, alkylbenzene salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, tetraalkylammonium salts, and the like. Cationic surfactants are known to have various properties that may be beneficial in the compositions of the present invention. These desirable characteristics may include detergency, antimicrobial efficacy in compositions at or below neutral pH, thickening or gelling in cooperation with other agents, and the like.

The cationic surfactant suitable for use in the claimed detergent composition comprises a surfactant having the formula R¹ _mR² _xYLZ, wherein each R is¹Is an organic group containing a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, optionally substituted with up to three phenyl or hydroxy groups and optionally interrupted by up to four of the following structures:

or isomers or mixtures of these structures and contain from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms. R¹The radical may additionally contain up to 12 ethoxy groups. m is a number from 1 to 3. Preferably, when m is 2, no more than one R is present in the molecule¹The group has 16 or more carbon atoms, or more than 12 carbon atoms when m is 3. Each R²Is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical or a benzyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (wherein no more than one R is present in the molecule)²Is benzyl) and x is a number from 0 to 11, preferably from 0 to 6. The remainder of any carbon atom position on the Y group is filled with hydrogen.

Y may be a group including (but not limited to) the following:

or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, L is 1 or 2, wherein when L is 2, the Y group is selected from R having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and two free carbon single bonds¹And R²The moieties of the analog (preferably alkylene or alkenylene) are separated. Z is a water-soluble anion, for example a sulfate, methylsulfate, hydroxide or nitrate anion, particularly preferably a sulfate or methylsulfate anion, in a number such that the cationic component is electrically neutral.

Suitable concentrations of the cationic quaternary surfactant in the claimed detergent composition may be between about 0 wt% and about 10 wt% of the claimed detergent composition.

Amphoteric surfactant

Amphoteric surfactants contain both basic and acidic hydrophilic groups and organic hydrophobic groups. These ionic entities may be any of the anionic or cationic groups described herein with respect to other types of surfactants. Basic nitrogen and acidic carboxylate groups are typical functional groups for use as basic and acidic hydrophilic groups. Among several surfactants, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, or phosphate groups provide negative charges.

Amphoteric surfactants can be described generally as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic hydrotropic group, such as a carboxyl, sulfonic, sulfato, phosphato or phosphono group. Amphoteric surfactants are subdivided into two main classes, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art and described in the "surfactant encyclopedia",cosmetic preparation and method for preparing the same Toilet articlesVol 104 (2)69-71(1989), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The first class comprises acyl/dialkyl ethylenediamine derivatives (e.g., 2-alkyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline derivatives) and salts thereof. The second class comprisesN-alkyl amino acids and salts thereof. It is envisaged that some amphoteric surfactants will meet both classes.

Amphoteric surfactants can be synthesized by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, 2-alkylhydroxyethylimidazolines are synthesized by condensation and ring closure of long chain carboxylic acids (or derivatives) with dialkylethylenediamine. Commercial amphoteric surfactants are derivatized by subsequent hydrolysis and ring opening of the imidazoline ring, for example, by alkylation with chloroacetic acid or ethyl acetate. During alkylation, one or both carboxy-alkyl groups react to form tertiary amines and ether linkages, with different alkylating agents yielding different tertiary amines.

The long chain imidazole derivatives suitable for use in the present invention generally have the following general formula:

neutral pH zwitterion

Amphoteric sulfonate

Wherein R is a non-cyclic hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and M is a cation for neutralizing the charge of an anion (typically sodium). Commercially known imidazoline derived amphoteric surfactants that can be used in the compositions of the present invention include, for example: cocoyl amphopropionate, cocoyl amphocarboxypropionate, cocoyl amphoglycinate, cocoyl amphocarboxyglycinate, cocoyl amphopropyl sulfonate, and cocoyl amphocarboxypropionic acid. The amphoteric carboxylic acids may be derived from fatty imidazolines, wherein the dicarboxylic acid functionality of the amphoteric dicarboxylic acids is diacetic acid and/or dipropionic acid.

The carboxymethylated compounds (glycinates) described herein above are often referred to as betaines. Betaines are a particular class of amphoteric surfactants discussed herein below in the section entitled zwitterionic surfactants.

Is easy to pass through RNH₂(wherein R ═ C₈-C₁₈Straight or branched chain alkyl), fatty amines with halogenated carboxylic acids. Alkylation of the primary amino group of an amino acid produces secondary and tertiary amines. The alkyl substituent may have additional amino groups providing more than one reactive nitrogen center. Most commercially available N-alkyl amino acids are alkyl derivatives of beta-alanine or beta-N (2-carboxyethyl) alanine. Examples of commercially available N-alkyl amino acid ampholytes for use in the present invention include alkyl beta-amino dipropionate, RN (C)₂H₄COOM)₂And RNHC₂H₄And (4) COOM. In one embodiment, R can be an acyclic hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and M is a cation for neutralizing the charge of the anion.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants include those derived from coconut products such as coconut oil or coconut fatty acids. Further suitable coconut derived surfactants comprise as part of their structure an ethylenediamine moiety, an alkanolamide moiety, an amino acid moiety (e.g., glycine), or a combination thereof; and aliphatic substituents of about 8 to 18 (e.g., 12) carbon atoms. Such surfactants may also be considered to be alkyl amphodicarboxylic acids. These amphoteric surfactants may comprise a chemical structure represented by: c₁₂-alkyl-C (O) -NH-CH₂-CH₂-N⁺(CH₂-CH₂-CO₂Na)₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH or C₁₂alkyl-C (O) -N (H) -CH₂-CH₂-N⁺(CH₂-CO₂Na)₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH. Disodium cocoamphodipropionate is a suitable amphoteric surfactant and may be sold under the trade name Miranol^TMFBS is commercially available from Rhodia inc (Cranbury, n.j.) of krankuli, new jersey. Another suitable coconut derived amphoteric surfactant having the chemical name disodium cocoamphodiacetate is sold under the trade name Mirataine^TMJCHA is sold also from rodia, klanbri, new jersey.

A typical list of amphoteric classes and species of these surfactants is given in U.S. patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin and heurin, 12/30 of 1975. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and detergents" (Vol.I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch). Each of these references is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Zwitterionic surfactants

Zwitterionic surfactants can be considered a subset of amphoteric surfactants and can contain anionic charges. Zwitterionic surfactants can be described generally as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines; derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines; or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Zwitterionic surfactants typically comprise a positively charged quaternary ammonium ion; or in some cases, sulfonium or phosphonium ions; a negatively charged carboxyl group; and an alkyl group. Zwitterionic surfactants generally contain cationic and anionic groups, which ionize to nearly the same degree in the equipotential region of the molecule, and which can create strong "inner salt" attractions between the positive-negative charge centers. Examples of such synthetic zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.

Betaine and sulfobetaine surfactants are exemplary zwitterionic surfactants for use herein. These compounds have the general formula:

wherein R is¹Containing alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, having from 0 to 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety; y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur atoms; r²Is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom, and is nitrogen or a phosphorus atomWhen x is 2, R³Is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a group selected from the group consisting of: carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate.

Examples of zwitterionic surfactants having the structure listed above include: 4- [ N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-octadecylammonium ] -butane-1-carboxylic acid salt; 5- [ S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecylthiocyano ] -3-hydroxypentane-1-sulfate; 3- [ P, P-diethyl-P-3, 6, 9-trioxacanetetra ("dtc") phosphine ] -2-hydroxypropan-1-phosphate; 3- [ N, N-dipropyl-N-3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-ammonio ] -propane-1-phosphonate; 3- (N, N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium) -propane-1-sulfonate; 3- (N, N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio) -2-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate; 4- [ N, N-bis (2 (2-hydroxyethyl) -N (2-hydroxydodecyl) ammonio ] -butane-1-carboxylate; 3- [ S-ethyl-S- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl) dihydrosulfanyl ] -propane-1-phosphate; 3- [ P, P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphorus ] -propane-1-phosphonate; and S [ N, N-bis (3-hydroxypropyl) -N-hexadecylammonium ] -2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate the alkyl groups contained in the detergent surfactant may be linear or branched and may be saturated or unsaturated.

Zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention comprise betaines having the general structure:

these surfactant betaines generally exhibit neither strong cationic or anionic character at the extremes of pH nor reduced water solubility in their isoelectric range. Unlike "external" quaternary ammonium salts, betaines are compatible with anions. Examples of suitable betaines include cocoacylamidopropyl dimethyl betaine; cetyl dimethyl betaine; c_12-14Acylamidopropyl betaine; c_8-14Acylamidohexyl diethylbetaine; 4-C_14-16Acylaminomethylaminodiethylammonium-1-carboxybutane; c_16-18Acylamidodimethylbetaine;C_12-16acylamidopentane diethylbetaine; and C_12-16Acyl methyl amido dimethyl betaine.

The sulfobetaines useful in the present invention comprise compounds having the formula (R)¹)₂N⁺R²SO^3-Wherein R is C₆-C₁₈A hydrocarbon radical, each R¹Is usually independently C₁-C₃Alkyl, e.g. methyl, and R²Is C₁-C₆Hydrocarbyl radicals, e.g. C₁-C₃Alkylene or hydroxyalkylene.

A typical list of zwitterionic classes and species of these surfactants is given in U.S. patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin and heurin at 12/30 of 1975. Further examples are given in "surfactants and detergents" (Vol.I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch). Each of these references is incorporated herein in its entirety.

Enzyme

The detergent compositions disclosed herein may also comprise enzymes that provide enhanced soil removal, prevention of redeposition and additional reduction of suds in the use solution of the cleaning composition. The purpose of the enzyme is to break down adherent soils, such as starch or proteinaceous matter, which are typically found on contaminated surfaces and which enter the wash water source to be removed by the detergent composition. The enzyme can remove soil from the substrate and prevent redeposition of soil on the substrate surface. Enzymes also provide additional cleaning and cleansing benefits, such as anti-foaming.

Exemplary types of enzymes that can be incorporated into the detergent composition or detergent use solution include amylases, proteases, lipases, cellulases, cutinases, glucosidases, peroxidases, and/or mixtures thereof. The detergent compositions disclosed herein may use more than one enzyme from any suitable source (e.g., vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal, or yeast sources). However, according to a preferred embodiment of the detergent composition disclosed herein, the enzyme is a protease. As used herein, the term "protease" or "protease" refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

As one skilled in the art will determine, enzymes are designed to act on specific types of soils. For example, warewashing applications according to embodiments of the present invention can use proteases because they are effective at the high temperatures of warewashers and effective in reducing protein-based soils. Proteases are particularly useful for cleaning proteinaceous soils such as blood, skin dander, mucous, grass, food (e.g., eggs, milk, spinach, meat chunks, ketchup), and the like. Proteases are capable of cleaving protein linkages of macromolecules of amino acid residues and converting the substrate into small fragments that are readily dissolved or dispersed into aqueous use solutions. Proteases are commonly referred to as detersive enzymes due to their ability to break down soils through a chemical reaction known as hydrolysis. Proteases can be obtained, for example, from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus. Proteases are also commercially available in the form of serine endoproteases. Examples of commercially available proteases are available under the trade names: esperase, Purafect L, Purafect Ox, Everlase, Liquanase, Savinase, Prime L, Prosperase and Blap.

For the detergent compositions disclosed herein, the enzyme may be varied based on the particular cleaning application and the type of soil that needs to be cleaned. For example, the temperature of a particular wash application will affect the enzyme selected for the detergent compositions disclosed herein. Warewashing applications wash substrates, for example, at temperatures in excess of about 60 ℃ or in excess of about 70 ℃, or between about 65 ℃ and 80 ℃, and because they retain enzyme activity at such high temperatures, enzymes such as proteases are desirable.

The enzymes for use in the detergent compositions disclosed herein may be separate entities and/or may be formulated in combination with the detergent composition. In addition, the enzymes may be formulated into various delayed or controlled release formulations. For example, a solid molded detergent composition can be prepared without heating. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, enzymes tend to be denatured by heat, and thus the use of enzymes within a claimed detergent composition requires a method of forming the detergent composition that does not rely on heat as a step in the formation process, e.g. solidification.

Enzymes are further commercially available in the form of solid (i.e., disk, powder, etc.) or liquid formulations. Commercially available enzymes are usually combined with stabilizers, buffers, cofactors and inert carriers. The actual active enzyme content depends on the manufacturing process, which is well known to the person skilled in the art and which is not critical for the present invention.

Alternatively, the one or more enzymes may be provided separately from the claimed detergent composition, e.g. directly added to the wash liquor or wash water of a particular use, e.g. a dishwasher.

Additional descriptions of enzymes suitable for use in the detergent compositions disclosed herein are disclosed, for example, in U.S. patent nos. 7,670,549, 7,723,281, 7,670,549, 7,553,806, 7,491,362, 6,638,902, 6,624,132, and 6,197,739, and U.S. patent publication nos. 2012/0046211 and 2004/0072714, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Additionally, the following references are incorporated herein in their entirety: "Industrial Enzymes" (Industrial Enzymes), Scott, D., "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 3 rd edition, (ed.: Grayson, M., and EcKroth, D.) (vol. 9, p. 173-224, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1980).

In a preferred embodiment, the amount of enzyme provided in the detergent compositions disclosed herein is between about 0.01 wt-% and about 40 wt-%, between about 0.01 wt-% and about 30 wt-%, between about 0.01 wt-% and about 10 wt-%, between about 0.1 wt-% and about 5 wt-%, and preferably between about 0.5 wt-% and about 1 wt-% of the detergent composition.

Application method

The detergent compositions disclosed herein provide alkali metal carbonate and/or alkali metal hydroxide alkaline detergents for cleaning various industrial and consumer product surfaces, including those alkaline sensitive metals. In one embodiment, the alkali-sensitive metal is aluminum. Exemplary metals that can be used with the claimed cleaner compositions include aluminum 1050, 1060, 1100, 1199, 2014, 2219, 3003, 3004, 3102, 4041, 5005, 5052, 5083, 5086, 5154, 5356, 5454, 5456, 5754, 6005A, 6060, 6061, 6063, 6066, 6070, 6082, 6105, 6162, 6262, 6351, 6463, 7005, 7022, 7068, 7072, 7075, 7079, 7116, 7129, and 7178, which are aluminum-based alloys. As used herein, the phrase "alkali-sensitive metals" refers to those metals that exhibit corrosion and/or discoloration when exposed to an alkaline cleaner in solution. The alkaline solution is an aqueous solution having a pH greater than 7 or preferably greater than 8. Exemplary alkali-sensitive metals include soft metals such as aluminum, nickel, tin, zinc, copper, brass, bronze, and mixtures thereof. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are common alkali sensitive metals that can be cleaned by the alkaline cleaner compositions of the present invention.

Articles requiring such cleaning with the claimed detergent composition include any article having a surface comprising an alkali sensitive metal, such as aluminum or an aluminum-containing alloy. These articles may comprise metal appliances, and metal in dishwashers. Additionally, the detergent compositions disclosed herein may be used in environments other than the interior of a dishwasher. Alkali sensitive metals that require cleaning are found in several locations.

The articles may also be found in various industrial applications, food and beverage applications, healthcare, textile care and laundry, paper making, any other consumer product market that uses carbonate-based alkaline cleaners (or alternatively hydroxide-based alkaline cleaners). Suitable articles may comprise: industrial plants, repair and rehabilitation services, manufacturing facilities, kitchens and restaurants. Exemplary devices having a surface containing an alkali-sensitive metal include sinks, kitchen utensils, appliances, machine parts, vehicles, fuel trucks, wheels, work surfaces, water tanks, immersion vessels, spray rings, and ultrasonic baths. Exemplary locations also include trucks, wheels, vessels, and facilities. One exemplary application of alkaline sensitive metal cleaning detergent compositions for cleaning alkaline sensitive metals may be found in cleaning wheels in vehicle washing facilities. Compositions comprising the novel anti-tarnish component may be used in any of these applications and the like.

The detergent compositions disclosed herein may comprise a solid concentrate composition. The solid composition is diluted to form a use composition or use solution. In general, a concentrate refers to a composition intended to be diluted with water to provide a use solution that contacts an object to provide a desired wash, rinse, etc. According to the formulation used in the method according to the invention, the detergent composition contacting the article to be washed may be referred to as a concentrate or use composition (or use solution). It will be appreciated that the concentration of the active ingredients comprising aminocarboxylate, water conditioning polymer, alkalinity source, silicate, and other optional functional ingredients in the detergent composition will vary depending upon whether the detergent composition is provided as a concentrate or as a use solution.

The use solution may be prepared from the concentrate by diluting the concentrate with water at a dilution ratio that provides the use solution with the desired wash characteristics. The water used to dilute the concentrate to form the use composition may be referred to as dilution water or diluent and may vary from location to location. Typical dilution factors are between about 1 and about 10,000, but will depend on factors including water hardness, the amount of soil to be removed, and the like. In one embodiment, the concentrate is diluted at a ratio of concentrate to water of between about 1:10 and about 1:10,000. Specifically, the concentrate is diluted at a concentrate to water ratio of between about 1:100 and about 1:5,000. More specifically, the concentrate is diluted at a concentrate to water ratio of between about 1:250 and about 1:2,000.

In one embodiment, the detergent compositions disclosed herein are preferably used at a use concentration of at least about 500ppm, preferably at least 1000ppm and more preferably 2000ppm or greater. In some embodiments, the alkaline cleaner composition is preferably used at a use concentration of about 500ppm to 4000ppm, about 1000ppm to 4000ppm, about 1500ppm to 4000ppm, or about 2000ppm to 4000 ppm.

In one embodiment, the alkaline cleaner compositions disclosed herein provide a use solution for contacting a surface in need of cleaning at a pH greater than 7, or preferably greater than 8, or preferably greater than 9 or preferably greater than 10.

Once contacted for a sufficient period of time, the soil and/or stain on the article or surface that will require non-staining or non-staining cleaning will loosen and/or be removed from the article or surface. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to "soak" the appliance or article for a period of time to allow the desired detergent composition to penetrate the soil and/or stain. In some embodiments, the contacting step, e.g., submerging the ware or other article in need of soil removal and/or stain removal, further comprises using warm water to form a pre-soak solution that is contacted with the stain for at least a few seconds, preferably at least about 45 seconds to 24 hours, preferably at least about 45 seconds to 6 hours, and more preferably at least about 45 seconds to 1 hour. In some embodiments, where pre-soaking is applied within a warewasher, the soaking period in a robotic machine may be about 2 seconds to 20 minutes, and optionally longer in a consumer machine. In a preferred embodiment, a pre-soak (e.g., soaking the vessel in an alkaline fatty acid soap solution) is applied for a period of at least 60 seconds, preferably at least 90 seconds. Advantageously, the immersion vessel or other contaminated or dyed article does not require agitation; however, agitation may be used to further remove the scale.

As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, a method may comprise more or fewer steps than those listed herein.

Manufacturing method

The detergent compositions disclosed herein may be formed by combining the components in the weight percentages and ratios disclosed herein. The detergent compositions disclosed herein may be provided in solid form and form a use solution during a warewashing process (or other use application).

The solid detergent compositions disclosed herein may be formed using a solidification matrix and may be produced using a batch or continuous mixing system. In an exemplary embodiment, a single or twin screw extruder is used to combine and mix one or more agents under high shear to form a homogeneous mixture. In some embodiments, the processing temperature is at or below the melting temperature of the components. The processed mixture can be dispensed from the mixer by forming, casting, or other suitable means whereby the detergent composition hardens into a solid form. The structure of the matrix can be characterized according to its hardness, melting point, material distribution, crystal structure, and other similar properties according to methods known in the art. In general, the solid detergent composition processed according to the method of the invention is substantially homogeneous in terms of the distribution of the ingredients throughout its mass and is dimensionally stable.

Specifically, in the forming process, the liquid and solid components are introduced into a final mixing system and continuously mixed until the components form a substantially homogeneous semi-solid mixture in which the components are distributed throughout their mass. In an exemplary embodiment, the components are mixed in the mixing system for at least about 5 seconds. The mixture is then discharged from the mixing system into or through a die or other forming device. The product is then packaged. In an exemplary embodiment, the shaped composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 3 hours. Specifically, the shaped composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 2 hours. More specifically, the shaped composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 20 minutes.

Compression may be at a lower pressure than conventional pressures used to form tablets or other conventional solid compositions. For example, in one embodiment, the present process employs a pressure on the solids of only less than or equal to about 5000 psi. In certain embodiments, the present methods employ pressures less than or equal to about 3500psi, less than or equal to about 2500psi, or less than or equal to about 2000psi, or less than or equal to about 1000 psi. In certain embodiments, the present methods may use pressures of from about 1psi to about 1000psi, from about 2psi to about 900psi, from about 5psi to about 800psi, or from about 10psi to about 700 psi.

Specifically, in the casting process, the liquid and solid components are introduced into a final mixing system and continuously mixed until the components form a substantially homogeneous liquid mixture in which the components are distributed throughout their mass. In an exemplary embodiment, the components are mixed in the mixing system for at least about 60 seconds. Once mixing is complete, the product may be transferred to a packaging container where it is solidified. In an exemplary embodiment, the cast composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 3 hours. Specifically, the cast composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 2 hours. More specifically, the cast composition begins to harden to a solid form between about 1 minute and about 20 minutes.

By the term "solid form" it is meant that the hardened composition will not flow and will substantially retain its shape under moderate stress or pressure or simply gravity. The hardness of the solid casting composition may range from, for example, a relatively dense and hard fused solid product like concrete to a consistency characterized as a hardened paste. Additionally, the term "solid" refers to the state of the detergent composition under the conditions of intended storage and use of the solid detergent composition. Generally, it is expected that the detergent composition will remain in solid form when exposed to temperatures up to about 100 ° f and especially greater than about 120 ° f.

The resulting solid composition may take a form including, but not limited to, the following forms: a compressed solid; casting the solid product; extruding, molding or forming solid pellets, blocks, tablets, powders, granules, flakes; or the shaped solid may thereafter be milled or shaped into a powder, granules or flakes. In an exemplary embodiment, the extruded pellet material formed from the solidified matrix has a weight between about 50 grams and about 250 grams, the extruded solid formed from the solidified matrix has a weight of about 100 grams or greater, and the solid block cleaner formed from the solidified matrix has a mass between about 1 and about 10 kilograms. The solid composition provides a stable source of functional materials. In some embodiments, the solid composition may be dissolved, for example, in an aqueous or other medium to produce a concentrated solution and/or a use solution. The solution may be directed into a storage container for later use and/or dilution, or it may be applied directly to a point of use. Alternatively, the solid alkaline detergent composition is provided in unit dose form, typically in the form of a cast solid, extruded pellet or tablet having a size of between about 1 gram and about 100 grams. In another alternative, a multi-use solid, such as a block or a plurality of pellets, may be provided and used multiple times to produce an aqueous detergent composition for multiple cycles.

All publications and patent applications in this specification are indicative of the level of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

Examples of the invention

The following non-limiting examples further define embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein. It should be understood that while these examples illustrate certain embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, they are for illustration only. From the above discussion and these examples, one of ordinary skill in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein to adapt the invention to various uses and conditions. Accordingly, various modifications of the embodiments of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, in addition to those shown and described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Example 1

The aluminum samples of the various control and experimental formulations 1-9 were evaluated for staining and discoloration according to the procedures outlined herein. An aluminum metal sample of approximately 3 "x 1" x 1/16 "was obtained and the numbers are labeled. The samples were washed with a mild liquid detergent and thoroughly washed with deionized water and acetone before drying at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The samples were placed in vials with the test solutions (each formulation evaluated at 1500ppm and 2000ppm concentrations). A full immersion test was performed to maximize the amount of surface area exposed to the solution for 8 hours of immersion at 160 ° F. At the end of the test, the test specimens were rinsed with deionized water and allowed to dry. The specimens were subjected to visual analysis and rated on a pass/fail basis based on visual evaluation of the specimens.

The formulations evaluated included: control formulation 1 (sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) based detergent); control formulation 2 (sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, methylglycine-N, N-diacetic acid (MGDA) based detergent); and experimental formulations 1-9 as shown in tables 5A-5B. When referring to a generic or commercial name, the various active agents employed comprise:

dense ash-sodium carbonate;

SLF-180; defoaming agents or nonionic surfactants;

trilon M particles-methylglycine-N, N-diacetic acid sodium salt, 78% active;

EDTA-ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid, 99% activity;

belclene 200-polymaleic acid, available from BWA Water Additives (BWA Water Additives), 50% active;

acusol 445-polyacrylic acid, available from Dow Chemical (DOW Chemical), 45% active.

TABLE 5A

	EXP1	EXP2	EXP3	EXP4
					Dense ash	58.00	58.00	58.00	58.00
Sodium silicate 2.4, 83%	0.00	8.00	10.50	12.25
					EDTA，99％	27.00	19.00	16.50	14.75
Plurafac SLF180	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
					Belclene 200 polymaleic acid 50%	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
Acusol 445,45％	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
					SiO2	0.00	8.00	10.50	12.25
EDTA	26.73	18.81	16.34	14.60
					SiO2/EDTA	0.00	0.43	0.64	0.84

TABLE 5B

	EXP5	EXP6	EXP7	EXP8	EXP9
						Dense ash	58.00	58.00	58.00	58.00	58.00
Sodium silicate 2.4, 83%	13.50	14.75	16.00	17.00	18.00
						EDTA，99％	13.50	12.25	11.00	10.00	9.00
Plurafac SLF180	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
						Belclene 200 polymaleic acid 50%	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
Acusol 445,45％	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
						SiO2	13.50	14.75	16.00	17.00	18.00
EDTA	13.37	12.13	10.89	9.90	8.97
						SiO2/EDTA	1.01	1.22	1.47	1.72	2.02

The results of the pass/fail assessments for the various evaluated formulations are shown in table 6. Failure indicates aluminum discoloration, wherein pass indicates no aluminum discoloration. Photographs showing a visual assessment after the soaking test described herein are shown in fig. 1-11.

TABLE 6

Figure 1 shows that the control 1 composition caused discoloration due to the fact that the control 1 composition contained NTA as a chelating agent instead of aminocarboxylate or EDTA. Figure 2 shows that the composition of control 2 does not cause any discoloration. However, figure 2 shows that the metal surface cleaned with the control 2 composition is not as shiny as other surfaces cleaned with some of the claimed cleaner compositions. Control 2 composition contained MGDA but no EDTA. Figure 3 demonstrates the importance of silicates in detergent compositions because EXP1 compositions that do not contain any silicates cause discoloration on metal surfaces.

Figures 4 to 11 show that the ratio of silicate to EDTA is important for the performance of the claimed detergent composition. As shown in fig. 4 to 6, when the ratio is greater than about 0.4, the detergent composition does not cause any discoloration only at a higher concentration. As shown in fig. 7 to 11, when the ratio is greater than about 1, the detergent composition does not cause any discoloration at lower and higher concentrations.

Comparing fig. 1 to 3 with fig. 4 to 11, it can be concluded that the claimed detergent composition can produce a shiny metal surface after cleaning without any discoloration and with improved performance compared to control 1, control 2 and compositions without any silicate. Exemplary EXP2-EXP9 compositions include an alkalinity source; an alkali metal silicate; aminocarboxylates comprising ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid (EDTA) or salts thereof; at least two water-regulating polymers; and an antifoaming agent. Control 1, control 2 or EXP1, however, did not contain aminocarboxylate, EDTA or silicate, respectively.

Having thus described the detergent compositions disclosed herein and their uses, it will be apparent that the invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the detergent compositions disclosed herein, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

The above specification provides a description of the compositions, methods of making and using the detergent compositions disclosed herein. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.